Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chisomo Zimphango, Farah C. Alimagham, Keri L. H. Carpenter, Peter J. Hutchinson, Tanya Hutter
Summary: Cerebral microdialysis technique provides useful information on brain metabolites for clinical decision making and medical treatment, but the limitations of hourly result retrieval exist. Recent focus has been on developing biosensing techniques for continuous online monitoring. Further research and future perspectives are still worth attention.
Article
Immunology
Zhongyu Wang, Zhaoyang Wang, Anqi Wang, Juan Li, Junmin Wang, Jingjing Yuan, Xin Wei, Fei Xing, Wei Zhang, Na Xing
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Sevo in TBI by downregulating HES1 via the FGF2/EZH2 axis. Results showed that Sevo reduced brain edema, improved neurological scores, and decreased neuronal apoptosis and autophagy in TBI rats. Upregulation of FGF2 by Sevo preconditioning increased EZH2 expression, leading to downregulation of HES1 in TBI rats.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Nathan H. Johnson, Roey Hadad, Ruby Rose Taylor, Javier Rodriguez Pilar, Osman Salazar, Juan Antonio Llompart-Pou, W. Dalton Dietrich, Robert W. Keane, Jon Perez-Barcena, Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
Summary: This study provides evidence that inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome proteins in serum can be used to determine the severity of TBI and predict pathological outcomes. The study identifies ASC, IL-18, TNIF-α, IL-4, and IL-6 as reliable biomarkers. These biomarkers are correlated with clinical indicators such as the Glasgow coma scale.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeroen Hermanides, Young T. Hong, Monica Trivedi, Joanne Outtrim, Franklin Aigbirhio, Peter J. Nestor, Matthew Guilfoyle, Stefan Winzeck, Virginia F. J. Newcombe, Tilak Das, Marta M. Correia, Keri L. H. Carpenter, Peter J. A. Hutchinson, Arun K. Gupta, Tim D. Fryer, John D. Pickard, David K. Menon, Jonathan P. Coles
Summary: Metabolic derangements following traumatic brain injury were comprehensively characterized using a combination of PET techniques, revealing reduced glucose utilization in the brain of patients, with regional increases associated with reductions in glucose availability, blood flow, and oxygen metabolism in the absence of ischemia.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Linda Hagglund, Magnus Olivecrona, Lars-Owe D. Koskinen
Summary: This study investigated the correlation between brain and subcutaneous glycerol levels in sTBI patients, as well as the impact of this correlation on brain tissue damage. Results showed a positive relationship between glycerol(brain/sc) and S-100B and NSE levels, suggesting that damaged blood-brain barrier may alter concentrations of various substances in the brain. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the effects of blood-brain barrier integrity on data interpretation in clinical settings and research.
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew Boyko, Benjamin F. Gruenbaum, Anna Oleshko, Igor Merzlikin, Alexander Zlotnik
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long-term impacts on cognitive and mental functioning and significantly decreases quality of life. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in regulating glutamate levels in the brain. Studies have shown that reducing excess glutamate can help treat post-TBI depression, anxiety, and aggression. This article evaluates the role of dietary glutamate in the development of depression after TBI.
Article
Immunology
Emer Ryan, Lynne Kelly, Catherine Stacey, Dean Huggard, Eimear Duff, Danielle McCollum, Ann Leonard, Gerard Boran, Dermot R. Doherty, Turlough Bolger, Eleanor J. Molloy
Summary: This study demonstrates altered cytokine profiles and endotoxin responses in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI), including mild TBI. Children with mild TBI showed decreased levels of IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-alpha compared to controls, along with increased levels of IFN-gamma. In severe TBI, there was no significant IL-6 response to endotoxin, but an increase in IL-17A. These findings suggest immune dysfunction following TBI, especially in mild cases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ravindran Visagan, Florence R. A. Hogg, Mathew J. Gallagher, Siobhan Kearney, Argyro Zoumprouli, Marios C. Papadopoulos, Samira Saadoun
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of monitoring tissue oxygen tension in patients with acute, severe traumatic spinal cord injuries. The results show that tissue oxygen tension is influenced by various factors, including intraspinal pressure, spinal cord perfusion pressure, tissue glucose levels, lactate/pyruvate ratio, and fever. In patients with motor-incomplete injuries, fluctuations in tissue oxygen tension correlate with fluctuations in limb motor score.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zuleyha Doganyigit, Kaan Erbakan, Enes Akyuz, Ayse Kristina Polat, Alina Arulsamy, Mohd Farooq Shaikh
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe neurological disorder with long-term risks of various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammatory mediators, particularly inflammatory cytokines, play a crucial role in the functional and pathological outcomes of TBI. Early identification and treatment of these mediators can contribute to the development of more effective treatment options for TBI.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abdelhakim Khellaf, Nuria Marco Garcia, Tamara Tajsic, Aftab Alam, Matthew G. Stovell, Monica J. Killen, Duncan J. Howe, Mathew R. Guilfoyle, Ibrahim Jalloh, Ivan Timofeev, Michael P. Murphy, T. Adrian Carpenter, David K. Menon, Ari Ercole, Peter J. Hutchinson, Keri L. H. Carpenter, Eric P. Thelin, Adel Helmy
Summary: The study found that cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction is common in TBI patients, and treatment with succinate can improve energy metabolism. The combination of microdialysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides crucial monitoring and evidence support for this process.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Roozbe Bonsale, Rosmara Infantino, Michela Perrone, Ida Marabese, Federica Ricciardi, Antimo Fusco, Milena Melake Teweldemedhin, Serena Boccella, Francesca Guida, Barbara Rinaldi
Summary: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) result from damage to the brain caused by external forces, and mild TBI (mTBI) is the most common type. mTBI leads to symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairments that are difficult to treat. Regular physical exercise has been found to have a neuroprotective effect and may play a role in post-traumatic rehabilitation. This study investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on a mice mTBI model and found that daily exercise reduced anxiety, aggression, and depression in mTBI mice, and prevented maladaptive changes in the hippocampus.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Himanshu Sharma, John P. P. McGinnis, Katherine E. E. Kabotyanski, Shankar P. P. Gopinath, Jerry C. C. Goodman, Claudia Robertson, Jovany Cruz Navarro
Summary: Traditionally, intracranial pressure and partial brain tissue oxygenation have been used to guide management in severe traumatic brain injury patients. However, these measurements may not provide sufficient information on cellular metabolism. Cerebral microdialysis, which accurately measures local concentrations of solutes, can provide critical missing information about a patient's physiologic state and help limit secondary damage. This technique can also aid in glucose management and minimize secondary insults.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nqobile S. Thango, Ursula K. Rohlwink, Lindizwe Dlamini, M. Phophi Tshavhungwe, E. Banderker, Shamiel Salie, J. M. N. Enslin, Anthony A. Figaji
Summary: This study is the first to provide data on brain interstitial glycerol in children. CMD glycerol, particularly an increase from baseline, is associated with other markers of injury and with a significant increase in lesion size on repeat head CT.
CHILDS NERVOUS SYSTEM
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shazia Malik, Omar Alnaji, Mahnoor Malik, Teresa Gambale, Forough Farrokhyar, Michel P. Rathbone
Summary: Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) result in a neuroinflammatory response characterized by perturbations in inflammatory cytokines. A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized data on the levels of inflammatory cytokines in mTBI patients. The analysis included 26 studies and found that IL-6, IL-1RA, IFN-gamma, and MCP-1/CCL2 levels were elevated in mTBI patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, certain cytokines were associated with poor clinical outcomes following mTBI. This research emphasizes the need for standardized methodologies and provides guidance for future mTBI studies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Aftab Alam, Tanya Singh, Saeed Kayhanian, Jonathan Tjerkaski, Nuria Marco Garcia, Keri L. H. Carpenter, Rickie Patani, Caroline Lindblad, Eric P. P. Thelin, Yasir Ahmed Syed, Adel Helmy
Summary: The neuroinflammatory response after traumatic brain injury (TBI) plays a crucial role in secondary injury. Microglia, the key innate immune cells in the central nervous system, release cytokines and chemokines in response to injury. This study aimed to characterize the cytokine response of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia when stimulated with cytokines identified after human TBI. The study found that TNF was the strongest inducer of downstream cytokine changes, followed by IL-1β and IL-4. IL-10 and IL-6 produced fewer responses. The study also compared these responses with previous studies of neuronal and astrocyte cultures, finding that microglial culture induced a wider range of cytokine responses.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2023)