Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chuanjing Li, Hassan Aoude
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of different Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) strengthening configurations on the blast performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams. Blast tests were conducted on eight RC beams, including as-built and UHPFRC-retrofitted beams using a pneumatically-driven shock-tube. The results showed that UHPFRC retrofitting reduced displacements and damage, but repeated blasts led to crack localization and rupture of tension steel bars. Finite element modelling was used to predict blast behavior and found that increasing the steel ratio effectively prevented bar rupture, particularly under repeated blast loading.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Aravind Sundaramurthy, Vivek Bhaskar Kote, Noah Pearson, Gregory M. Boiczyk, Elizabeth M. McNeil, Allison J. Nelson, Dhananjay Radhakrishnan Subramaniam, Jose E. Rubio, Kenneth Monson, Warren N. Hardy, Pamela J. VandeVord, Ginu Unnikrishnan, Jaques Reifman
Summary: Through experiments on Gottingen minipigs, a three-dimensional high-fidelity finite-element model was developed and validated to study the effects of blast waves on brain injuries, helping establish correlations between observed brain injuries and predicted biomechanical responses.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuan Zhou, Yue Song, Lin Zhu
Summary: This study found that autophagy was induced in the frontal lobe tissues of mice with moderate-intensity blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI), reaching its peak on day 3 and gradually declining thereafter.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jalen Johnson, Man Xu, Eric Jacques
Summary: Hybrid FRP-steel reinforced concrete beams display strong self-centering tendencies under blast loads, reducing residual damage, repair cost, and facility downtime. FRP bars activate self-centering behavior, while steel reinforcement and concrete dissipate energy through their inelastic response.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dhananjay Radhakrishnan Subramaniam, Ginu Unnikrishnan, Aravind Sundaramurthy, Jose E. Rubio, Vivek Bhaskar Kote, Jaques Reifman
Summary: Studies on the biomechanical responses of the human brain to blast waves have highlighted the importance of including detailed information such as brain-surface convolutions, major cerebral veins, and non-linear brain-tissue properties for improving model accuracy. Inclusion of a more detailed network of cerebral veins and arteries can enhance model-predicted biomechanical responses and help identify correlates of blast-induced brain injury. The detailed cerebral vasculature model redistributed brain-tissue strains and highlighted the importance of including a detailed cerebral vessel network in human-head FE models to more comprehensively account for the biomechanical responses induced by blast exposure.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
M. Langenderfer, K. Williams, A. Douglas, B. Rutter, C. E. Johnson
Summary: Understanding the physical mechanisms of blast waves is crucial for protecting military personnel and equipment. This study evaluates modern blast pressure measurement technology and discusses factors influencing primary blast injuries. Simulations in confined environments show variability in key parameters.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ganchao Chen, Yuansheng Cheng, Pan Zhang, Sipei Cai, Jun Liu
Summary: The abstract discusses the attention attracted by the negative Poisson's ratio of auxetic double arrowhead honeycombs and their unique mechanical properties. It presents the production of metallic DAHs and their use as sandwich cores for sandwich panels, as well as an experimental investigation on their dynamic responses under air blasts. The study highlights the influence of core configurations on deformation/failure modes, mechanisms, and blast resistance, providing insights for design, manufacturing, and optimization of auxetic sandwich structures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ricardo Mejia-Alvarez, Joseph Kerwin, Suhas Vidhate, Paul Sandherr, Evan Patton, Bianca Davila-Montero, Atacan Yucesoy, Adam Willis
Summary: This study presents the basic design and experimental characteristics of the advanced blast chamber at Michigan State University, which features a large cross-section and a driver design that produces blast fronts with low curvature and short overpressure durations.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Sunil Sutar, S. G. Ganpule
Summary: Compression driven shock tubes are essential for studying blast-induced traumatic brain injury. Different configurations of shock tubes have been considered, and finite element modeling has been used to simulate blast wave propagation. The study shows that replicating free-field blast conditions using a shock tube involves tradeoffs, and the effects on injury outcomes need to be carefully evaluated.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Zhibo Du, Zhijie Li, Peng Wang, Xinghao Wang, Jiarui Zhang, Zhuo Zhuang, Zhanli Liu
Summary: This study elucidates the effect of skull deformation on intracranial pressure (ICP) variation using both experimental and numerical models. The numerical analysis agrees with the experimental results, explaining the appearance of positive and negative ICP peaks and their synchronization with surface strain. This study has implications for medical injury diagnosis and protective equipment design.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
J. W. Denny, A. S. Dickinson, G. S. Langdon
Summary: This paper evaluates existing PBI criteria and provides ideal blast wave parameters for blast injury research and clinical practice. Simulating realistic and injury-specific blast conditions can support blast injury research, emergency response, and hazard preparedness.
MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Rita Campos-Pires, Bee Eng Ong, Mariia Koziakova, Eszter Ujvari, Isobel Fuller, Charlotte Boyles, Valerie Sun, Andy Ko, Daniel Pap, Matthew Lee, Lauren Gomes, Kate Gallagher, Peter F. Mahoney, Robert Dickinson
Summary: This study investigates the effects of repeated mild blast traumatic brain injury (mbTBI) on rats and identifies specific brain regions that are particularly sensitive to repeated blast exposure. The findings suggest that repeated exposure to blast can lead to functional impairments and neuronal loss in certain brain regions. The reasons for this sensitivity may include exposure to stronger shockwaves or proximity to tissue density transitions. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of injury sensitization and potential new treatments.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Xingyuan Huang, Xiaoping Hu, Lei Zhang, Zhihua Cai
Summary: This study used numerical simulations to analyze the impact of single and repetitive blasts on the brain, finding that repetitive blasts increase skull stress, intracranial pressure, skull displacement, and change brain tissue damage from moderate to severe. Repetitive blasts have a cumulative damage effect, with the severity of damage caused by double blast being 122.5% of single shock, and the severity of damage caused by triple blast being 105.9% of double blast and 131.5% of single blast. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce soldiers' exposure to repetitive blast waves.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Xingyuan Huang, Bingchen Xia, Lijun Chang, Zhikang Liao, Hui Zhao, Lei Zhang, Zhihua Cai
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between intracranial pressure (ICP) and external blast wave pressure as well as the extent of craniocerebral injury. A series of experiments were conducted on rats to measure ICP and the injury caused by blast waves of varying peak air overpressure. The results showed that the peak pressure in the rat brain was lower than the external air overpressure, and the differential pressure between the inside and outside of the brain ranged from 27-231 kPa. The study also found that there was a correlation between the side-on air overpressure, ICP, and the severity of brain hemorrhage. The findings of this research have implications for understanding the dynamic response and injury mechanism of biological cranial and brain under the influence of blast waves.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Xiancheng Yu, Mazdak Ghajari
Summary: This paper comprehensively assessed the protective capabilities of advanced combat helmets and goggles against blast waves. The helmet was effective in mitigating positive intracranial pressure and strain rate in all blast scenarios, while goggles were effective in mitigating positive intracranial pressure in frontal and lateral blast exposures. However, both the helmet and goggles had minimal effects on reducing cerebrospinal fluid cavitation and even increased brain strain.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)