Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rui Lima, Andreia Monteiro, Antonio J. Salgado, Susana Monteiro, Nuno A. Silva
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that lacks effective treatment options. Recent research has uncovered the complex mechanisms involved in SCI, leading to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yilin Pang, Xinjie Liu, Xu Wang, Xuelian Shi, Lei Ma, Yan Zhang, Tiangang Zhou, Chenxi Zhao, Xu Zhang, Baoyou Fan, Jian Hao, Wenxiang Li, Xiaoqing Zhao, Rong Zhang, Songlin Zhou, Xiaohong Kong, Shiqing Feng, Xue Yao
Summary: Edaravone, an FDA-approved drug, has a neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury and other central nervous system diseases. It exerts this effect by inhibiting ferroptosis and reducing neuroinflammation. The mechanism may be applicable to other neurological diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Artur Shvetcov, Marc J. Ruitenberg, Fabien Delerue, Wendy A. Gold, David A. Brown, Caitlin A. Finney
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to the damage of the spinal cord caused by either trauma or disease. SCI is characterized by various injury phases that affect the transmission of sensory and motor signals, resulting in temporary or long-term functional deficits. Estrogens and estrogenic compounds have been shown to effectively alleviate the effects of SCI, making them potential treatment options.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Masao Koda, Hideki Hanaoka, Yasuhisa Fujii, Michiko Hanawa, Yohei Kawasaki, Yoshihito Ozawa, Tadami Fujiwara, Takeo Furuya, Yasushi Ijima, Junya Saito, Mitsuhiro Kitamura, Takuya Miyamoto, Seiji Ohtori, Yukei Matsumoto, Tetsuya Abe, Hiroshi Takahashi, Kei Watanabe, Toru Hirano, Masayuki Ohashi, Hirokazu Shoji, Tatsuki Mizouchi, Norio Kawahara, Masahito Kawaguchi, Yugo Orita, Takeshi Sasamoto, Masahito Yoshioka, Masafumi Fujii, Katsutaka Yonezawa, Daisuke Soma, Hiroshi Taneichi, Daisaku Takeuchi, Satoshi Inami, Hiroshi Moridaira, Haruki Ueda, Futoshi Asano, Yosuke Shibao, Ikuo Aita, Yosuke Takeuchi, Masaya Mimura, Jun Shimbo, Yukio Someya, Sumio Ikenoue, Hiroaki Sameda, Kan Takase, Yoshikazu Ikeda, Fumitake Nakajima, Mitsuhiro Hashimoto, Fumio Hasue, Takayuki Fujiyoshi, Koshiro Kamiya, Masahiko Watanabe, Hiroyuki Katoh, Yukihiro Matsuyama, Tomohiko Hasegawa, Go Yoshida, Hideyuki Arima, Yu Yamato, Shin Oe, Daisuke Togawa, Sho Kobayashi, Koji Akeda, Eiji Kawamoto, Hiroshi Imai, Toshihiko Sakakibara, Akihiro Sudo, Yasuo Ito, Takeshi Kikuchi, Tomoyuki Takigawa, Takuya Morita, Nobuhiro Tanaka, Kazuyoshi Nakanishi, Naosuke Kamei, Shinji Kotaka, Hideo Baba, Tsuyoshi Okudaira, Hiroaki Konishi, Takayuki Yamaguchi, Keigo Ito, Yoshito Katayama, Taro Matsumoto, Tomohiro Matsumoto, Haruo Kanno, Toshimi Aizawa, Ko Hashimoto, Toshimitsu Eto, Takehiro Sugaya, Michiharu Matsuda, Kazunari Fushimi, Satoshi Nozawa, Chizuo Iwai, Toshihiko Taguchi, Tsukasa Kanchiku, Hidenori Suzuki, Norihiro Nishida, Masahiro Funaba, Takashi Sakai, Yasuaki Imajo, Masashi Yamazaki
Summary: The clinical trial of G-CSF treatment for acute spinal cord injury patients did not show significant primary efficacy, but subanalysis suggested potential benefits for specific populations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Azizul Haque, Arabinda Das, Supriti Samantaray, Denise Matzelle, Mollie Capone, Gerald Wallace, Aarti N. Husarik, Saied Taheri, Russel J. Reiter, Abhay Varma, Swapan K. Ray, Naren L. Banik
Summary: This study demonstrated that PRM treatment for 7 days can reduce post-SCI lesion volume, attenuate neuronal cell death, inflammation, and axonal damage, and modify the balance of apoptotic proteins. PRM also enhances angiogenesis and microvascular growth, with neuroprotection potentially mediated through estrogen receptors. The inhibition of glial activation, decreased inflammation and cell death, and increased angiogenesis by PRM lead to improved functional outcome in the rat model as evaluated by the BBB locomotor scale.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yixuan Liu, Feng Lin, Tianhui Zhang, Cheng Wu, Wanguo Liu, Hao Wang, Chunsheng Xiao, Xuesi Chen
Summary: Neuroprotective therapy for traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) still faces challenges, and the toxic reactive aldehydes produced immediately after SCI promote oxidative stress and inflammation, worsening the secondary injury. To address this, a drug-free polypeptide (PPAH) was designed and synthesized to scavenge toxic aldehydes and mitigate secondary SCI. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated PPAH's ability to scavenge reactive aldehydes, protect against damage in neurocytes, and improve functional recovery in a rat SCI model. PPAH shows promise as an effective therapy for SCI.
SCIENCE CHINA-MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jile Xie, Jiaying Li, Jinjin Ma, Meimei Li, Xingran Wang, Xinya Fu, Yanxia Ma, Huilin Yang, Bin Li, Saijilafu
Summary: Due to the limited regenerative ability of the central nervous system, effective treatments for spinal cord injury have been lacking. The study found that a MgO/PLCL scaffold loaded with PUR and RA can reduce glial scar formation and promote neuronal differentiation of endogenous NSCs, leading to partial recovery of locomotor function in SCI mice.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jian Zhao, Ailang Pang, Saige Yin, Meifeng Yang, Xuemei Zhang, Rong Zhang, Jingfei Liu, Yuanqi Gu, Shanshan Li, Yan Hu, Yue Zhang, Yingchun Ba, Buliang Meng, Xinwang Yang
Summary: OM-LV20 promotes structural and functional recovery of spinal cord injury by increasing neuronal survival, enhancing BDNF and TrkB expression, and regulating oxidative stress balance.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jinyu An, Xue Jiang, Zhe Wang, Yingqiao Li, Zhiru Zou, Qian Wu, Le Tong, Xifan Mei, He Tian, Chao Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of nano-targeted drug delivery systems in improving the microenvironment after spinal injury. The prepared MH-DS@M-Lips nanoliposomes effectively bind calcium ions to reduce calcium-associated neuronal apoptosis and gradually release minocycline hydrochloride for better anti-inflammatory effects. The targeting capability of MH-DS@M-Lips was confirmed through various imaging techniques. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that MH-DS@M-Lips treatment resulted in high behavioral scores in SCI mice, indicating its potential for SCI treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian, James Hong, Mohamad Khazaei, Jonathon Chon Teng Chio, Jian Wang, Anna Badner, Michael G. Fehlings
Summary: This study demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of midostaurin in injured rats led to alterations in local inflammasome and gene expression, resulting in enhanced recovery and improved coordination between forelimbs and hindlimbs after injury. Histological analysis also indicated improved tissue preservation and functionality in treated animals during the chronic phase of injury. Overall, systemic administration of midostaurin proved to be an effective strategy for mitigating cervical secondary SCI damage.
Article
Plant Sciences
Tomoharu Kuboyama, Seiya Kominato, Misaki Nagumo, Chihiro Tohda
Summary: The study focused on evaluating herbal medicine constituents that induce M2 predominance for the treatment of SCI. Polygalae Radix (PR) was found to induce M2 predominance in microglia, improve motor function in SCI model mice, and showed potential for protecting against axonal degeneration in the injured spinal cord.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dominika Mech, Katarzyna Korgol, Antonina Kurowska, Bartlomiej Adamski, Malgorzata Miazga, Grazyna Biala, Marta Kruk-Slomka
Summary: Spinal cord injury is a neurological condition that causes significant motor dysfunction, and current treatments only provide moderate efficacy, leaving patients with long-term disabilities. A scientific review is needed to summarize recent developments in therapeutic methods for SCI. This review focuses on pharmacological treatments and the challenges faced by patients depending on the location of the injury, addressing issues such as spasticity, neuropathic pain, neuroprotection, neurotransmission, and oxidative stress.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qiong Zhang, Mingfu Liu, Haibin Nong, Yanan Zhang, Yiguang Bai, Pan Liu, Shaohui Zong, Gaofeng Zeng
Summary: TFHL has shown to improve motor function recovery and promote spinal cord tissue repair in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). It reduces apoptosis and improves the functional status of neurons. TFHL also improves cell morphology, microstructure, and axonal regeneration of damaged spinal motor neurons, and promotes the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, TFHL promotes autophagy and related protein expression both in vivo and in vitro.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
May-Jywan Tsai, Li-Yu Fay, Dann-Ying Liou, Yi Chen, Ya-Tzu Chen, Meng-Jen Lee, Tsung-Hsi Tu, Wen-Cheng Huang, Henrich Cheng
Summary: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a series of cellular and molecular events, leading to both primary and secondary injury cascades. The secondary cascade provides an opportunity for therapeutic intervention, and in this study, the effects of Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) on spinal cord injury were investigated. The results showed that GDF11 increased the survival of neuronal and oligodendroglial cells and decreased microglial cells. In addition, GDF11 protected neurons from ischemic damage and improved hindlimb functional restoration in SCI rat models. These findings suggest that GDF11 infusion could be a beneficial therapeutic approach for SCI in the future.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yona Goldshmit, Moshe Shalom, Angela Ruban
Summary: This study tested the efficacy of the PELF-EMF SEQEX device in a compression spinal cord injury mouse model and found that it significantly reduced inflammation and provided neuroprotective effects.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sapan D. Gandhi, Krishn Khanna, Garrett Harada, Philip Louie, James Harrop, Thomas Mroz, Khalid Al-Saleh, Giovanni Barbanti Brodano, Jens Chapman, Michael G. Fehlings, Serena S. Hu, Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, Michael Mayer, Venugopal Menon, Jong-Beom Park, Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran, Marcelo Valacco, Luiz Vialle, Jeffrey C. Wang, Karsten Wiechert, K. Daniel Riew, Dino Samartzis
Summary: This study aimed to identify factors influencing the initiation of pharmacologic anticoagulation after spine surgery. The survey results showed that expert opinion and fellowship training were considered the most important practice-specific factors, while previous studies and unspecified guidelines were considered the least important. In terms of patient factors, body mass index and postoperative mobilization were deemed most important.
GLOBAL SPINE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dimitri Tkatschenko, Sonja Hansen, Julia Koch, Christopher Ames, Michael G. Fehlings, Sigurd Berven, Lali Sekhon, Christopher Shaffrey, Justin S. Smith, Robert Hart, Han Jo Kim, Jeffrey Wang, Yoon Ha, Kenny Kwan, Yong Hai, Marcelo Valacco, Asdrubal Falavigna, Nestor Taboada, Alfredo Guiroy, Juan Emmerich, Bernhard Meyer, Frank Kandziora, Claudius Thome, Markus Loibl, Wilco Peul, Alessandro Gasbarrini, Ibrahim Obeid, Martin Gehrchen, Andrej Trampuz, Peter Vajkoczy, Julia Onken
Summary: This study provides an international overview of the heterogeneity of surgical site infection prevention strategies in spine surgery. The results demonstrate a significant variation in pre-, peri-, and postoperative measures to prevent surgical site infection. There is a need for developing universal guidelines and testing areas of controversy in prospective clinical trials.
GLOBAL SPINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nader Hejrati, Ali Moghaddamjou, Karlo Pedro, Mohammed Ali Alvi, James S. Harrop, James D. Guest, Brian K. Kwon, Michael G. Fehlings
Summary: This study examined international practices and barriers to guideline implementation for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) management. The results showed variations in the use of steroids and hemodynamic management among countries with different income levels. Additionally, logistical barriers to early decompression were identified.
GLOBAL SPINE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laureen D. Hachem, Mary Zhu, Bizhan Aarabi, Benjamin Davies, Anthony DiGiorgio, Nathan Evaniew, Michael G. Fehlings, Mario Ganau, Daniel Graves, James Guest, Yoon Ha, James Harrop, Christopher Hofstetter, Paul Koljonen, Shekar Kurpad, Rex Marco, Allan R. Martin, Narihito Nagoshi, Aria Nouri, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Ricardo Rodrigues-Pinto, Valerie Ter Wengel, Lindsay Tetreault, Brian Kwon, Jefferson R. Wilson
Summary: This study aims to assess current practice patterns in the management of cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and develop a simplified, practical classification system. The results show that spinal stability, cord compression, and neurological status are the most important factors influencing surgeons' decisions in the surgical management of cervical SCI.
GLOBAL SPINE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Alexander C. Disch, Stefano Boriani, Aron Lazary, Laurence D. Rhines, Alessandro Luzzati, Ziya L. Gokaslan, Charles G. Fisher, Michael G. Fehlings, Michelle J. Clarke, Dean Chou, Nicole M. Germscheid, Klaus-Dieter Schaser, Jeremy J. Reynolds
Summary: Compared to secondary lesions, primary spinal tumors are rare. The effect of different resection strategies on local recurrence and survival in patients with benign primary spinal tumors under the age of 25 was studied. The results showed no correlation between the grade of aggressiveness in resection and local recurrence rates in this younger patient cohort. The most common tumors in young patients were osteoblastomas, osteoid osteomas, and aneurysmal bone cysts.
Article
Oncology
Alexander C. Disch, Stefano Boriani, Alessandro Luzzati, Laurence D. Rhines, Charles G. Fisher, Aron Lazary, Ziya L. Gokaslan, Dean Chou, Michelle J. Clarke, Michael G. Fehlings, Klaus-Dieter Schaser, Nicole M. Germscheid, Jeremy J. Reynolds
Summary: Extradural primary malignant spinal tumors in young patients are rare. This study reports the clinical outcomes of young patients who underwent surgery for these tumors. The results show that surgery, combined with adjuvant therapy, can achieve better overall survival and low local recurrence rates.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Raymond Wong, Nader Hejrati, Michael G. G. Fehlings
Summary: This article discusses several key challenges that clinical investigators evaluating novel therapeutic strategies to treat traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) may face, and proposes potential solutions, including patient recruitment, patient follow-up, heterogeneity of patients, complex pathophysiology of SCI, capturing treatment effects, high costs, implementation of guidelines, demographic shifts, and navigating regulatory bodies.
EXPERT REVIEW OF NEUROTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Katarzyna Pieczonka, Michael G. Fehlings
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a significant impact on quality of life and finances. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation shows promise for spinal cord regeneration, but the integration of transplanted cells remains a challenge. This review proposes various techniques, including molecular cues and alternative methods, to guide the integration of grafted cells towards specific circuits. Future research in these areas may improve outcomes for SCI patients.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Katarzyna Pieczonka, Mohamad Khazaei, Michael G. G. Fehlings
Summary: In this study, the expression of Olig2 transcription factor was induced in tripotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs), leading to a significantly higher proportion of differentiated oligodendrocytes compared to NPCs. The induction of Olig2 was also associated with the upregulation of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and function, and the downregulation of genes involved in other cell lineages. GO and GSEA analyses further confirmed the oligodendrocyte specification of the induced NPCs.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Katarzyna Pieczonka, Hiroaki Nakashima, Narihito Nagoshi, Kazuya Yokota, James Hong, Anna Badner, Jonathon C. T. Chio, Shinsuke Shibata, Mohamad Khazaei, Michael G. Fehlings
Summary: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes the loss of neurons and glial cells. Current interventions for SCI lack regenerative solutions. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising strategy for regeneration but inconsistent differentiation hinders functional recovery. This study generated oligodendrogenically biased NPCs (oNPCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and demonstrated their effectiveness in a rodent model of cervical SCI, showing enhanced tissue preservation, remyelination, and functional recovery without adverse effects. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of oNPCs in cervical SCI and call for further investigation to optimize this approach.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Nisaharan Srikandarajah, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Michael G. Fehlings
Summary: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disorder that leads to neurological impairment and disability, affecting the quality of life for patients. The pathophysiology involves primary and secondary phases, causing neurological damage. Current clinical management focuses on early decompressive surgery, optimizing arterial pressure, steroid therapy, and rehabilitation. Emerging therapies aim to repair the spinal cord through cell-based, gene, pharmacological, and neuromodulation approaches. Addressing both primary and secondary phases of SCI can enhance outcomes for patients.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ayesha Quddusi, Karlo M. M. Pedro, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Nader Hejrati, Michael G. G. Fehlings
Summary: Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a severe event with global impact on morbidity and mortality. Early surgical intervention within 24 hours has been shown to improve prognosis and functional outcomes. This review explores the evidence, nuances, and challenges associated with timing of surgery, as well as the barriers to early surgical care for tSCI.
ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Nader Hejrati, Karlo Pedro, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Ayesha Quddusi, Michael G. Fehlings
Summary: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) includes age-related and genetically associated pathologies affecting the cervical spine. The RECODE-DCM consensus group has identified ten priority areas for translational research to improve the management and treatment of DCM. This article summarizes recent advancements in the field, including a refined definition, understanding of pathophysiology, assessment and diagnosis methods, treatment modalities, and genetic research opportunities.
ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Roger Wong, Margaret Anne Lovier
Summary: Older adults and people of colour are more vulnerable to COVID-19, and despite higher adherence to mitigation behaviours, minority older adults still have elevated odds of COVID-19. Research is needed to explore potential mechanisms for this disparity.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Amr H. Saleh, Nardin Samuel, Kyle Juraschka, Mohammad H. Saleh, Michael D. Taylor, Michael G. Fehlings
Summary: This review discusses important biological features of ependymomas, including subgroup categorization and clinical implications, oncogenic and tumor suppressor signaling pathways, epigenetic dysregulation, as well as the limitations of current therapies and potential next-generation treatments.
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
(2022)