Review
Biology
Shuo Li, Hoai Thi Phuong Dinh, Yukihiro Matsuyama, Kohji Sato, Satoru Yamagishi
Summary: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes physical impairment and psychological devastation through complex pathological processes. The two phases of SCI include primary mechanical damage and secondary injury, which lead to vascular disruption, inflammation, cell death, and scar formation. Secretory factors, such as neurotrophic factors and growth factors, play important roles in nerve regeneration, while the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is damaged, allowing immune cell infiltration and promoting angiogenesis. This review discusses the therapeutic application and outcomes of these secretory factors in SCI.
Review
Immunology
Robert C. Sterner, Rosalie M. Sterner
Summary: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that leads to loss of function and disability. The pathophysiology involves immediate cell dysfunction and death followed by secondary injury mechanisms, with inflammation playing a key role. Targeting the immune response after SCI could effectively reduce secondary injury and improve outcomes. Recent studies have provided molecular insights into the timing of the immune response and potential therapies such as pharmaceutical interventions, stem cell therapy, and extracellular vesicle therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ruideng Wang, Rubing Zhou, Zhengyang Chen, Shan Gao, Fang Zhou
Summary: Glial cells play crucial roles in the healthy functioning of the central nervous system and in the repair of spinal cord injuries.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ignacio Jure, Alejandro F. De Nicola, Juan Manuel Encinas, Florencia Labombarda
Summary: The hippocampus undergoes changes after spinal cord injury (SCI), including reduced neurogenesis, reactive astrocytes, increased microglial cells, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the chronic phase. These alterations may contribute to cognitive deficits observed in rodents and humans.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuqi Cao, Shunxing Zhu, Bin Yu, Chun Yao
Summary: The article provides an overview of the pathological and physiological processes following tSCI and highlights the application of scRNA-seq technology in researching tSCI. By studying the diversity of spinal cord cell types, scRNA-seq can reveal the changes in cellular and molecular microenvironment after tSCI. Future research can further explore the potential applications of scRNA-seq in tSCI.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rodrigo Montoto-Meijide, Rosa Meijide-Failde, Silvia Maria Diaz-Prado, Antonio Montoto-Marques
Summary: A systematic review shows that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cell therapy has significant efficacy and safety in the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), leading to improvements in AIS grades, sensory scores, and to a lesser extent, motor scores. However, further research is needed to address the long-term safety and clinical implications due to limited scientific evidence available.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tim Vangansewinkel, Stefanie Lemmens, Assia Tiane, Nathalie Geurts, Dearbhaile Dooley, Tim Vanmierlo, Gunnar Pejler, Sven Hendrix
Summary: In this study, researchers investigated the therapeutic potential of recombinant mMCP6 in improving functional outcomes after spinal cord injury. The findings suggest that mMCP6 can enhance recovery by reducing astrogliosis and promoting (re)myelination in the injured spinal cord.
Review
Physiology
Rodrigo G. Mira, Matias Lira, Waldo Cerpa
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that causes brain damage due to external forces, leading to CNS damage under various mechanisms. Glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes play crucial roles in response to TBI, affecting neuronal damage and pathophysiology.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Emergency Medicine
Yu Zhang, Shuhai Yang, Chang Liu, Xiaoxiao Han, Xiaosong Gu, Songlin Zhou
Summary: Spinal cord injury often results in permanent disability due to the loss of functional recovery. The formation of a glial scar around the damaged tissue can interrupt the healing process, and therapeutic treatments targeting scar components are important for improving functional recovery.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jiafu Mu, Jiahe Wu, Jian Cao, Teng Ma, Liming Li, Shiqing Feng, Jianqing Gao
Summary: This study evaluates an emergency cell-free treatment using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for traumatic spinal cord injury, which has been shown to comprehensively mitigate the inhibitory lesion microenvironment, providing a promising strategy for effective emergency treatment of central nervous system trauma.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Lucila Perez-Gianmarco, Maria Kukley
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects millions of people, mainly young individuals, causing deficits in sensory, motor, and autonomic functions. Regrowth of axons is a crucial goal for neurological recovery after SCI, but is challenging due to the formation of a glial scar. Traditionally considered detrimental, recent evidence suggests that glial scars are beneficial for surrounding spared tissue. Experimental studies in rodent models have shown that removal of specific glial cell populations disrupts scar organization, increases inflammation, extends tissue degeneration, and impairs recovery after SCI.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vaibhav Patil, Raghvendra Bohara, Vijaya Krishna Kanala, Siobhan Mcmahon, Abhay Pandit
Summary: Spinal cord injury leads to chronic inflammation and glial scar formation caused by the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Current anti-inflammatory strategies have limitations and do not consider the progression of glial cell-derived inflammation. Understanding this progression is crucial for evaluating therapeutic strategies. New models can be used as high-throughput screening platforms for novel therapeutics.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Judith Fraussen, Lien Beckers, Charlotte C. M. van Laake-Geelen, Bart Depreitere, Jens Deckers, Erwin M. J. Cornips, Dieter Peuskens, Veerle Somers
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the composition of immune cells in the blood of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients and their relationship to clinical parameters. The findings showed that chronic SCI patients had increased frequencies of total and CD4(+) T cells, while (sub)acute SCI patients and chronic SCI patients had memory phenotypes in their CD4(+) T cells and B cells, respectively. The most significant changes were observed in the B cell compartment, with decreased IgG(+) B cell frequencies and increased IgM(+) B cell frequencies correlating with disease severity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jean-Christophe Perez, Yannick N. Gerber, Florence E. Perrin
Summary: The formation of glial scar after traumatic spinal cord injury involves microglia, NG2 glia, and astrocytes, playing dual roles in the pathophysiological processes. Response to SCI varies among species, with rodents showing earlier microglia activation compared to primates, highlighting the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying glial activation for developing effective therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Zehua Zou, Ruixuan Liu, Yiwen Wang, Hongjian Tan, Gang An, Baifeng Zhang, Yongzhi Wang, Daming Dong
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of protein arginine methyltransferase 8 (PRMT8) on neuron ferroptosis and macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury (SCI) through regulating glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The results showed that PRMT8 overexpression inhibited ferroptosis and M1 macrophage polarization by increasing GDNF expression, thus alleviating SCI.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dan Ozaki, Toshiki Endo, Hiroyoshi Suzuki, Shin-ichiro Sugiyama, Kaoru Endo, Ryo Itabashi, Miki Fujimura, Teiji Tominaga
ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Keisuke Takai, Toshiki Endo, Takao Yasuhara, Toshitaka Seki, Kei Watanabe, Yuki Tanaka, Ryu Kurokawa, Hideaki Kanaya, Fumiaki Honda, Takashi Itabashi, Osamu Ishikawa, Hidetoshi Murata, Yusuke Nishimura, Kaoru Eguchi, Toshihiro Takami, Yusuke Watanabe, Takeo Nishida, Masafumi Hiramatsu, Tatsuya Ohtonari, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Takafumi Mitsuhara, Seishi Matsui, Hisaaki Uchikado, Gohsuke Hattori, Nobutaka Horie, Hitoshi Yamahata, Makoto Taniguchi
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Keisuke Sasaki, Tomoo Inoue, Yasuo Nishijima, Takashi Inoue, Shinsuke Suzuki, Toshiki Endo, Masayuki Ezura, Hiroshi Uenohara, Teiji Tominaga
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2020)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Takenori Ogawa, Ikuho Kojima, Shun Wakamori, Takuya Yoshida, Takaki Murata, Maya Sakamoto, Akira Ohkoshi, Ayako Nakanome, Hidenori Endo, Toshiki Endo, Hajime Usubuchi, Yukio Katori
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Takumi Kajitani, Toshiki Endo, Naoya Iwabuchi, Tomoo Inoue, Yoshiharu Takahashi, Takatsugu Abe, Kuniyasu Niizuma, Teiji Tominaga
Summary: Muse cells from CL2020 can migrate to the injured spinal cord after intravenous administration and differentiate into neuronal cells, leading to improved hindlimb motor function and nerve fiber preservation in a rat model of SCI. This study suggests that Muse cells have therapeutic potential for severe SCI.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hidenori Endo, Miki Fujimura, Atsushi Saito, Toshiki Endo, Kazumasa Ootomo, Teiji Tominaga
Summary: The study aimed to investigate whether ASL with multiple PLDs can predict postoperative CHP after CEA. The results showed that the slope index is a useful screening tool.
NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Keisuke Takai, Toshiki Endo, Takao Yasuhara, Toshitaka Seki, Kei Watanabe, Yuki Tanaka, Ryu Kurokawa, Hideaki Kanaya, Fumiaki Honda, Takashi Itabashi, Osamu Ishikawa, Hidetoshi Murata, Takahiro Tanaka, Yusuke Nishimura, Kaoru Eguchi, Toshihiro Takami, Yusuke Watanabe, Takeo Nishida, Masafumi Hiramatsu, Tatsuya Ohtonari, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Takafumi Mitsuhara, Seishi Matsui, Hisaaki Uchikado, Gohsuke Hattori, Hitoshi Yamahata, Makoto Taniguchi
Summary: This study compared the treatment success rates of primary neurosurgical and endovascular treatments in patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs). Results showed that primary neurosurgery was superior to endovascular treatment for complete obliteration of spinal dAVFs by a single procedure, with better postoperative neurological improvements.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Toshiki Endo
Article
Clinical Neurology
Toshiki Endo, Tomoo Inoue, Masaki Mizuno, Ryu Kurokawa, Kiyoshi Ito, Shigeo Ueda, Toshihiro Takami, Kazutoshi Hida, Minoru Hoshimaru
Summary: Our study demonstrated better postoperative functional outcomes in patients with fewer preoperative neurological deficits. Degree of resection, postoperative treatments, and prognoses are closely related to the histology of intramedullary tumors.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Naoko Mori, Shunji Mugikura, Toshiki Endo, Hidenori Endo, Yo Oguma, Li Li, Akira Ito, Mika Watanabe, Masayuki Kanamori, Teiji Tominaga, Kei Takase
Summary: Texture features and sequence combinations can differentiate between low- and non-low-grade meningiomas. The model with PCs of ADC and CE-T1WI for the tumor area showed the highest diagnostic performance.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yasukazu Hijikata, Shigeo Ueda, Takao Yasuhara, Daisuke Umebayashi, Toshiki Endo, Toshihiro Takami, Masaki Mizuno, Kazutoshi Hida, Minoru Hoshimaru
Summary: A survey conducted in Japan revealed differences in surgical strategies for primary spinal cord tumors (PSCTs) among spine surgeons. There was no sufficient consensus on the management of PSCTs, highlighting the need for a disease-specific registry.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Takashi Yagi, Masaki Mizuno, Hiroto Kageyama, Kotaro Tatebayashi, Toshiki Endo, Yasuhiro Takeshima, Motoyuki Iwasaki, Ryu Kurokawa, Keisuke Takai, Misao Nishikawa, Kazutoshi Hida
Summary: This study analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and surgical outcomes of subependymoma patients. The results showed that subependymomas have an indolent clinical course and eccentric location. Surgical treatment should prioritize functional preservation, as even subtotal resection has a good prognosis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yasuhiro Takeshima, Hirokazu Takami, Toshiki Endo, Masaki Mizuno, Kazutoshi Hida
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between the extent of resection and recurrence in surgery for intramedullary spinal hemangioblastoma (sHB) and its impact on von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) disease. The study found that postoperative functional improvement can be expected in sporadic sHB, with a favorable long-term functional prognosis. However, this improvement was not significant in the vHL group.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hiroto Kageyama, Kotaro Tatebayashi, Shinichi Yoshimura, Toshiki Endo, Kazutoshi Hida, Masaki Mizuno
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of age on surgical outcomes in older and younger patients with IMSCT. The study found that although older patients had worse preoperative status, the rate of improvement and worsening after surgery was similar to younger patients. Predicting surgical outcomes through preoperative evaluation accurately predicted postoperative efficacy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryu Kurokawa, Toshiki Endo, Toshihiro Takami
Summary: This study aims to investigate the current practice pattern of surgery timing for spinal cord cavernous malformation (CM) in Japanese neurosurgical spine centers. The results showed that surgery was generally performed within 32 days after onset. Further research is needed to determine the optimal timing of surgery.