Article
Cell Biology
Giselle Cheung, Oana Chever, Astrid Rollenhagen, Nicole Quenech'du, Pascal Ezan, Joachim H. R. Luebke, Nathalie Rouach
Summary: A study found that Connexin 43 (Cx43) is enriched in astroglial processes and plays a crucial role in synaptic transmission. It was discovered that Cx43 controls synaptic glutamate levels and allows for activity-dependent glutamine release to sustain normal synaptic transmission and cognition. However, its importance in synaptic vesicle release remains unanswered.
Article
Cell Biology
Sarah M. Zych, Christopher P. Ford
Summary: Dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta are involved in regulating basal ganglia striatal circuits. They release dopamine and GABA, which have different transmission properties and modulation mechanisms, allowing for independent regulation of these signals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silas A. Buck, Mary M. Torregrossa, Ryan W. Logan, Zachary Freyberg
Summary: This article summarizes how drugs of abuse, particularly cocaine, opioids, and alcohol, alter DA release in the nucleus accumbens medial shell, examines the potential role of DA/glutamate co-release in mediating these effects, and discusses future directions for further investigating these mechanisms.
Article
Biology
Camille S. Wang, Natali L. Chanaday, Lisa M. Monteggia, Ege T. Kavalali
Summary: This study used a fluorescent probe called iGluSnFR to investigate the organization of action potential-evoked and spontaneous neurotransmitter release within individual synapses. The results showed that action potential-evoked release is more susceptible to photobleaching, while spontaneous release is less affected.
Article
Neurosciences
Haiyan Li, Maia Datunashvili, Reno C. C. Reyes, Susan M. M. Voglmaier
Summary: Inositol pyrophosphates play a crucial role in cellular signaling and membrane trafficking, particularly in synaptic vesicle recycling. Two isoforms of Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks), IP6K1 and IP6K3, are expressed in axons and regulate vesicle recycling through different endocytic pathways. IP6Ks also affect synaptic facilitation and glutamate signaling.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Viktoria S. Pendeliuk, Igor V. Melnick
Summary: Synchronization of hippocampal interneurons (INs) relies on local cell interactions and intensity of network activity. In baseline conditions, a significant portion of inhibitory postsynaptic currents coincided between cells. Network activity induced excitatory and inhibitory events, with excitatory events capable of synchronizing IN firing. Glutamatergic mechanisms play a crucial role in initiating and dominating IN synchronization.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Konrad Platzer, Heinrich Sticht, Caleb Bupp, Mythily Ganapathi, Elaine M. Pereira, Gwenael Le Guyader, Frederic Bilan, Lindsay B. Henderson, Johannes R. Lemke, Holger Taschenberger, Nils Brose, Rami Abou Jamra, Sonja M. Wojcik
Summary: This study identifies de novo missense variants in the SLC32A1 gene as a novel cause of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. These variants may impair GABAergic neurotransmission through altered synaptic vesicle filling and synaptic short-term plasticity.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Carla Cristina Miranda Castro, Sayonara Pereira Silva, Livia Nascimento Rabelo, Jose Pablo Goncalves Queiroz, Laura Damasceno Campos, Larissa Camila Silva, Felipe Porto Fiuza
Summary: The study found that there are regional alterations of specific cellular subpopulations in the aging human hippocampus, which are influenced by factors such as age, sex, education years, and the concentration of neuropathological and inflammatory proteins. These findings provide insights into the distinct physiological changes that occur in hippocampal sub-regions and neurotransmitter systems during normal aging.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Csilla Lea Fazekas, Adrienn Szabo, Bibiana Torok, Krisztina Banrevi, Pedro Correia, Tiago Chaves, Stephanie Daumas, Dora Zelena
Summary: Glutamate, mainly regulated by VGLUT3, plays a crucial role in modulating the release of neurotransmitters and sensory processes in the central nervous system. Its presence in the hippocampus suggests potential involvement in learning and memory, although further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Silas A. Buck, Thomas Steinkellner, Despoina Aslanoglou, Michael Villeneuve, Sai H. Bhatte, Victoria C. Childers, Sophie A. Rubin, Briana R. De Miranda, Emma O'Leary, Elizabeth G. Neureiter, Keri J. Fogle, Michael J. Palladino, Ryan W. Logan, Jill R. Glausier, Kenneth N. Fish, David A. Lewis, J. Timothy Greenamyre, Brian D. McCabe, Claire E. J. Cheetham, Thomas S. Hnasko, Zachary Freyberg
Summary: The study revealed the impact of age and sex differences on dopamine neuron vulnerability, with males exhibiting greater decreases in neuron number and locomotion during aging, and dynamic changes in VGLUT expression in dopamine neurons possibly serving as a compensatory mechanism. Female fruit flies were found to possess higher levels of VGLUT expression in dopamine neurons compared to males, and diminishing VGLUT expression eliminated their greater resilience to neuron loss. Optimal control over VGLUT expression in dopamine neurons was identified as essential for neuron survival and a potential therapeutic target for age- and PD-related neurodegeneration.
Article
Neurosciences
Eichi Narimatsu, Ryuichiro Kakizaki, Kazuhito Nomura, Keigo Sawamoto, Kazunobu Takahashi, Shuji Uemura, Masanori Ishiguro
Summary: We investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on excessive glutamate-induced depressions of central excitatory synaptic transmissions in vitro. We found that dexmedetomidine improved the recoveries of depressed synaptic transmissions, providing a protective effect on neuronal dysfunctions induced by excessive glutamate.
Article
Neurosciences
Lidia Bravo, Patricia Mariscal, Meritxell Llorca-Torralba, Jose Maria Lopez-Cepero, Juan Nacher, Esther Berrocoso
Summary: This study examined the effects of neuropathic pain on noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) and found that neuropathic pain leads to an increase in excitatory synapse markers and a decrease in mitochondrial and lysosomal densities. Long-term pain also activates apoptosis.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fei Li, Jacob Eriksen, Janet Finer-Moore, Robert M. Stroud, Robert H. Edwards
Summary: Originally identified as transporters for inorganic phosphate, solute carrier 17 (SLC17) family proteins are now known to play important roles in neurotransmission and substance flux, with mechanisms and substrate specificity gradually being revealed.
CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiling Li, Chun Chien, Yifu Han, Zihan Sun, Xun Chen, Dion Dickman
Summary: The study revealed that the Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl alpha) in Drosophila neurons plays a critical role in presynaptic homeostatic depression (PHD), driving the process through an activity-dependent anionic conductance.
Article
Neurosciences
Zhiping Mi, Eric E. Abrahamson, Angela Y. Ryu, Michael Malek-Ahmadi, Julia K. Kofler, Kenneth N. Fish, Robert A. Sweet, Victor L. Villemagne, Julie A. Schneider, Elliott J. Mufson, Milos D. Ikonomovic
Summary: Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission may contribute to impaired default mode network function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The frontal cortex (FC) may undergo a glutamatergic plasticity response in prodromal AD, while the status of glutamatergic synapses in the precuneus (PreC) during clinical-neuropathological AD progression is not known.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marion Weber-Boyvat, Thorsten Trimbuch, Saundarya Shah, Jussi Jantti, Vesa M. Olkkonen, Christian Rosenmund
Summary: OSBP-homologous proteins are lipid binding proteins located at membrane contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. The interactions with secretory SNARE proteins play a crucial role in maintaining lipid metabolism balance and cell function.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Oldani, Laura Moreno-Velasquez, Lukas Faiss, Alexander Stumpf, Christian Rosenmund, Dietmar Schmitz, Benjamin R. Rost
Summary: Optogenetic manipulations have revolutionized neuroscience by enabling precise control of neural activity. The development of synaptoPAC as an optogenetic tool allows for acute light-controlled potentiation of transmitter release at specific synapses, providing new insights into the role of presynaptic potentiation in network function and animal behavior.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Gulcin Vardar, Andrea Salazar-Lazaro, Marisa Brockmann, Marion Weber-Boyvat, Sina Zobel, Victor Wumbor-Apin Kumbol, Thorsten Trimbuch, Christian Rosenmund
Summary: Studies show that in synaptic transmission, STX1's H-abc domain is essential while the N-peptide is dispensable. The N-peptide in STX1A plays a regulatory role in synaptic release, and the open conformation of STX1 governs vesicle fusogenicity. neurotransmitter release can still proceed even when the interaction modes between STX1A and Munc18-1 are interrupted, requiring a revision of the conceptualization of their interaction.
Article
Neurosciences
Boris Bouazza-Arostegui, Marcial Camacho, Marisa M. Brockmann, Sina Zobel, Christian Rosenmund
Summary: SYT1 triggers neurotransmitter release by interacting with anionic lipids in a calcium-dependent manner and negatively regulates spontaneous release; its relationship with other SYT isoforms is under investigation; in exocytosis, release probability is most sensitive to variation in SYT1 expression levels, while vesicle priming is least sensitive.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Marcial Camacho, Bradley Quade, Thorsten Trimbuch, Junjie Xu, Levent Sari, Josep Rizo, Christian Rosenmund, Reinhard Jahn
Summary: The C-1-C2B region of Munc13-1 plays a central role in neurotransmitter release, with distinct faces controlling release and short-term presynaptic plasticity. Mutations in the polybasic face severely impair Ca2+-independent liposome bridging and fusion, while mutations in Ca2+-binding loops have milder effects and can enhance or impair Ca2+-evoked release.
Article
Neurosciences
Ewa Andrzejak, Eshed Rabinovitch, Jakob Kreye, Harald Pruss, Christian Rosenmund, Noam E. Ziv, Craig C. Garner, Frauke Ackermann
Summary: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder associated with autoantibodies against NMDARs. This study reveals the effects of these antibodies on cortical network function, leading to hyperexcitability and disruption of stabilizing mechanisms. The antibodies selectively impair cortical inhibitory neurons, contrasting with their effects on excitatory neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuuta Imoto, Sumana Raychaudhuri, Ye Ma, Pascal Fenske, Eduardo Sandoval, Kie Itoh, Eva-Maria Blumrich, Hideaki T. Matsubayashi, Lauren Mamer, Fereshteh Zarebidaki, Berit Sohl-Kielczynski, Thorsten Trimbuch, Shraddha Nayak, Janet H. Iwasa, Jian Liu, Bin Wu, Taekjip Ha, Takanari Inoue, Erik M. Jorgensen, Michael A. Cousin, Christian Rosenmund, Shigeki Watanabe
Summary: This study demonstrates that Dynamin 1 is pre-recruited to endocytic sites for ultrafast endocytosis. Syndapin 1 acts as an adaptor by binding the plasma membrane and storing Dynamin 1xA at endocytic sites, bypassing the recruitment step and accelerating endocytosis. These findings reveal the mechanism of endocytosis and provide new insights into cellular processes.
Article
Biology
Gulcin Vardar, Andrea Salazar-Lazaro, Sina Zobel, Thorsten Trimbuch, Christian Rosenmund
Summary: This study analyzed three groups of STX1A mutations in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons and found that JMD elongations and charge reversal mutations have differential effects on neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, the research showed that STX1A's JMD regulates the palmitoylation of STX1A's TMD, which in turn affects vesicle fusion.
Article
Cell Biology
Marion Weber-Boyvat, Jana Kroll, Thorsten Trimbuch, Vesa M. Olkkonen, Christian Rosenmund
Summary: This research identified a dual function of ORP2, serving as a physiological regulator of synaptic cholesterol content and a regulator of neuronal exocytosis.
Article
Biology
Yuchen Hao, Estelle Toulme, Benjamin Koenig, Christian Rosenmund, Andrew J. R. Plested
Summary: Optical report of neurotransmitter release allows visualization of excitatory synaptic transmission. However, without targeting to synapses, the specificity of the fluorescent signal is uncertain. To address this, the reporter iGluSnFR was fused to glutamate receptor auxiliary proteins to target it to postsynaptic sites. This improved the properties of iGluSnFR and demonstrated the importance of subcellular targeting for optogenetic actuators and reporters.