Article
Neurosciences
Junqing Du, Min Yi, Fang Zhou, Wanjun He, Aifen Yang, Mengsheng Qiu, Hao Huang
Summary: This study demonstrates that S100B is not a specific marker for the astrocyte lineage, but rather marks protoplasmic astrocytes in the gray matter and differentiating oligodendrocytes.
Article
Cell Biology
Abigail H. Cleveland, Alejandra Romero-Morales, Laurent Alfonso Azcona, Melisa Herrero, Viktoriya D. Nikolova, Sheryl Moy, Orna Elroy-Stein, Vivian Gama, Timothy R. Gershon
Summary: Neurologic disorders can affect specific brain regions due to different apoptotic mechanisms, with studies showing neural progenitors rely on BCL-xL for generating cerebellar gray matter and postnatal oligodendrocytes depending on MCL-1. Deletion of Mcl-1 in oligodendrocytes leads to impaired myelination and white matter degeneration, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for leukodystrophies.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Xinxin Yu, Shihao Wang, Wenzheng Wu, Hongyuan Chang, Pufan Shan, Lin Yang, Wenjie Zhang, Xiaoyu Wang
Summary: Depression is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent depressed mood, pain and despair, pessimism and anxiety, and even suicidal tendencies. It is often associated with the development of other diseases and is believed to be influenced by genetic, psychological, environmental, and biological factors. Recent evidence suggests that viral infections may play a role in the development of depression by affecting glial cells and leading to neuroinflammation.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Motohiro Okada, Kouji Fukuyama, Takashi Shiroyama, Yuto Ueda
Summary: The study investigated the effects of brivaracetam on astroglial L-glutamate release and the interaction with SV2A and Cx43 expression. The results suggest that suppression of TNF-α-induced neuronal excitability by inhibiting ectopic SV2A contributes to the antiepileptic/anticonvulsive mechanism of brivaracetam action.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
V. T. Cheli, M. Sekhar, D. A. Santiago Gonzalez, C. G. Angeliu, G. E. Denaroso, Z. Smith, C. Wang, P. M. Paez
Summary: Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is crucial for cell iron efflux and its absence leads to neurodegeneration and brain iron accumulation. This study found that astrocytes express high levels of Cp and its iron efflux is essential for oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Deletion of astrocytic Cp during early postnatal stages resulted in hypomyelination, delayed oligodendrocyte maturation, and increased oxidative stress. Deletion of astrocytic Cp in older mice led to iron accumulation, neurodegeneration, myelin loss, and abnormal behavioral profiles. The study highlights the importance of astrocytic Cp in brain development, aging, and myelin integrity.
Review
Cell Biology
Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Majid S. Jabir, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Hebatallah M. Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: This study explores the protective and harmful effects of autophagy in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Autophagy can prevent the progression of MS by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders, but over-activated autophagy can worsen the neuropathology of MS. Additionally, autophagy can modulate cell proliferation and affect demyelination and remyelination. Overall, autophagy plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of MS.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiu-Yi Kwek, Andrew R. Hall, Wei-Wen Lim, Khairunnisa Katwadi, Poh Loong Soong, Elina Grishina, Kun-Han Lin, Gustavo Crespo-Avilan, En Ping Yap, Nur Izzah Ismail, Kroekkiat Chinda, Ying Ying Chung, Heming Wei, Winston Shim, David Montaigne, Andrew Tinker, Sang-Bing Ong, Derek J. Hausenloy
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by acute cardiac ischemia-reperfusion may increase susceptibility to arrhythmias. Mfn-DKO mice exhibit increased action potential duration and reduced conduction velocity, with impaired alterations in CV following cardiac ischemia-reperfusion.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kalee N. Holloway, James C. Douglas, Tonya M. Rafferty, Ania K. Majewska, Cynthia J. M. Kane, Paul D. Drew
Summary: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. This study investigates the transcriptomic changes in the cerebellum of postnatal mice exposed to ethanol for 1 or 2 days, shedding light on early changes associated with FASD. Ethanol exposure alters pathways related to immune function, cytokine signaling, and the cell cycle. It also affects the expression of genes associated with neurodegenerative microglia and reactive astrocytes. These findings improve our understanding of FASD mechanisms and may contribute to the development of new interventions and therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Vishal Chavda, Kavita Singh, Vimal Patel, Meerambika Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
Summary: This review examines the role of glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases and discusses different interactions and important factors related to Alzheimer's disease.
Review
Neurosciences
Melanie Gil, Vivian Gama
Summary: Oligodendrocytes are important for the central nervous system's signal transmission and metabolic support. However, the role of mitochondrial-related pathways in oligodendrocyte development is not well understood. Maintaining mitochondrial dynamics is crucial for cellular bioenergetics and the distribution of mitochondria in oligodendrocytes. Understanding the interplay between mitochondrial dynamics, metabolism, and apoptosis will shed light on the mechanisms of oligodendrocyte development. This review provides an overview of oligodendrocyte development and discusses the potential contribution of mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms to oligodendrocyte bioenergetics and development.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Ya-Fei Zhao, Yong Tang, Peter Illes
Summary: P2X7 receptors are mainly found in microglial cells in the brain, with lower density in neuroglial cells, involved in regulating necrosis/apoptosis and neurodegenerative processes. The question of whether they are present on neurons and the potential existence of neuronal P2X7Rs remains a topic of debate.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hariprasath Ragupathy, Manasvi Vukku, Sandeep Kumar Barodia
Summary: Neurodegeneration is a progressive phenomenon associated with aging, where activated microglia and neuroinflammation play crucial roles. Mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive neuroinflammatory responses are important factors contributing to age-dependent neurodegeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jing-Jun Zhao, Zheng-Hui Wang, Ying-Jie Zhang, Wen-Jing Wang, Ai-Fang Cheng, Pei-Jing Rong, Chun-Lei Shan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of auricular vagus nerve stimulation on the recovery of locomotor function in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The findings suggested that the stimulation can promote recovery by altering the secretion of acetylcholine and inflammatory factors, as well as the phosphorylation of connexin 43.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Xinguo Zhang, Ruiqi Zhang, Maher Un Nisa Awan, Jie Bai
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects elderly people. The onset and progression mechanism is unknown, and there are currently no effective treatment strategies. In addition to the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, glia cells also play a role in brain tissue homeostasis, defense, and repair in PD.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Rui Tan, Rui Hong, Chunxiao Sui, Dianxu Yang, Hengli Tian, Tao Zhu, Yang Yang
Summary: Astrocytes have both positive and negative effects on demyelination. Their inflammatory molecules can modulate immune cell activation, while their phagocytosis and recruitment of precursor cells promote remyelination. However, excessive phagocytosis can worsen demyelination. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and interactions with other cells can provide therapeutic options for myelin regeneration and synaptic dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)