Article
Neurosciences
Dylan J. Calame, Matthew I. Becker, Abigail L. Person
Summary: This study tests a key hypothesis of cerebellar motor correction, showing that inputs to the cerebellum that drive errors during skilled movements are rapidly adjusted over trials to enhance motor accuracy. The study finds that the cerebellum may refine movement through online adjustments and use within-reach information as a predictor to adjust reach kinematics. The findings suggest that the cerebellar cortex serves as a potential link between kinematic predictors and anticipatory control.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Sonia Betti, Umberto Castiello, Chiara Begliomini
Summary: This review investigates how reach-to-grasp movements are influenced by multisensory information, emphasizing the importance of multisensory elements in shaping prehensile behavior and providing some considerations for future research developments.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Nora E. Fritz, Erin M. Edwards, Chuyang Ye, Jerry Prince, Zhen Yang, Timothy Gressett, Jennifer Keller, Emily Myers, Peter A. Calabresi, Kathleen M. Zackowski
Summary: The study evaluated the relationship between specific cerebellar regions and motor and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis patients. It found that patients had worse motor and cognitive function but no differences in cerebellar volume. However, the diffusivity of the superior cerebellar peduncle was significantly worse in patients. Increased volume of motor and cognitive lobules was associated with better motor and cognitive performance.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew Weightman, Neeraj Lalji, Chin-Hsuan Sophie Lin, Joseph M. Galea, Ned Jenkinson, R. Chris Miall
Summary: Brief bursts of anodal stimulation to the cerebellum during a visuomotor adaptation task were found to enhance motor adaptation significantly better than standard TDCS. Short duration, event related, anodal TDCS targeting the cerebellum enhances motor adaptation compared to the standard model.
Article
Biology
Jessica L. Verpeut, Silke Bergeler, Mikhail Kislin, F. William Townes, Ugne Klibaite, Zahra M. Dhanerawala, Austin Hoag, Sanjeev Janarthanan, Caroline Jung, Junuk Lee, Thomas J. Pisano, Kelly M. Seagraves, Joshua W. Shaevitz, Samuel S. -H. Wang
Summary: Integration of chemogenetics with quantitative behavioral assays and whole brain activity mapping reveals the influence of distinct cerebellar regions on activity during flexible behavioral learning. Specifically, the posterior cerebellum has been found to play a necessary role in guiding reversal learning tasks and promoting flexibility in free behavior through a network of diencephalic and neocortical structures.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jasmine L. Mirdamadi, Hannah J. Block
Summary: The study found that suppressing activity in the cerebellum and somatosensory cortex affects proprioceptive changes associated with motor skill learning. The cerebellum and somatosensory cortex play important roles in different aspects of proprioceptive changes during skill learning.
Article
Neurosciences
Caroline Nettekoven, Leah Mitchell, William T. Clarke, Uzay Emir, Jon Campbell, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Ned Jenkinson, Charlotte J. Stagg
Summary: This study used magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to measure changes in the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the human cerebellum during visual motor adaptation. The results showed that simple right-hand movements increase GABA in the right cerebellar nuclei and decrease GABA in the left. Early GABA changes correlated with adaptation performance and functional connectivity change in a cerebellar network.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jeffrey R. R. Hebert, Christopher M. Filley
Summary: Multisensory processing is crucial for daily function and cognition, involving interactions between bottom-up and top-down processing. White matter and gray matter structures work together to manage multisensory signals and cognition. Altered sensory processing in certain neurological disorders can lead to cognitive dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yu Chen, Ramon Landin-Romero, Fiona Kumfor, Muireann Irish, Carol Dobson-Stone, John B. Kwok, Glenda M. Halliday, John R. Hodges, Olivier Piguet
Summary: This study clarifies the impact of C9orf72 repeat expansion on cerebellar integrity in FTD and reveals overlapping patterns of cerebellar atrophy in C9orf72 positive and negative groups. The associations with cognitive functions suggest that the type of pathology linked with cerebellar atrophy is an important variable to consider in future studies.
Article
Neurosciences
Haian Mao, Tomas Mediavilla, Hector Estevez-Silva, Daniel Marcellino, Fahad Sultan
Summary: Motor learning induces plasticity in the brain, particularly in the cerebellum. This study focuses on the synaptic plasticity in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) during motor learning. The researchers found that the increase in vGluT2 expression in a specific part of the DCN during skilled reaching tasks is due to an increase in co-expression of vGluT2 in vGluT1 presynapses, rather than the formation of new vGluT2 synapses. These findings suggest that synaptic remodeling plays an important role in motor learning.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Hehui Li, Rebecca A. Marks, Lanfang Liu, Xiaoxia Feng, Manli Zhang, Feng Ai, Yue Gao, Mengyu Tian, Xiujie Yang, Jia Zhang, Hejing Zhong, Li Liu, Xiangzhi Meng, Guosheng Ding
Summary: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare the cerebellar neural activity in Chinese child learners of English between reading and non-reading tasks. The results suggest that the posterior parts of right lobule VI and the right lobule VIIIA could be reading-specific regions, and that the functional connectivity between these regions and the left inferior parietal lobule is stronger in English reading.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Bruce Ramphal, David Pagliaccio, Lauren V. Thomas, Xiaofu He, Amy E. Margolis
Summary: The study found that children with Nonverbal Learning Disability (NVLD) had higher fractional anisotropy in the cerebellar peduncles, particularly in the right inferior cerebellar peduncle, which was associated with social impairment. Furthermore, the association between NVLD diagnosis and greater social impairment was partially mediated by fractional anisotropy in the right inferior cerebellar peduncle.
Article
Neurosciences
Junichi Yoshida, Maritza Onate, Leila Khatami, Jorge Vera, Farzan Nadim, Kamran Khodakhah
Summary: The cerebellum and basal ganglia are connected through direct pathways, influencing motor coordination and dopamine release, and impacting motor deficits and addictive behavior.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biology
Jonathan S. Tsay, Hyosub Kim, Adrian M. Haith, Richard B. Ivry
Summary: Multiple learning processes contribute to successful goal-directed actions. Among these processes, implicit sensorimotor adaptation plays a primary role in ensuring well-calibrated and accurate movements. Traditionally, adaptation is thought to minimize visual errors through an iterative process. However, the role of proprioception has been neglected, with the assumption that it passively responds to visual errors without directly contributing to adaptation. This study proposes an alternative model, the proprioceptive re-alignment model (PReMo), which suggests that implicit adaptation aims to minimize proprioceptive errors. The PReMo model is consistent with previous findings and provides a parsimonious explanation for unexplained phenomena.
Article
Neurosciences
Damian M. Manzone, Luc Tremblay
Summary: Our perception can be altered by action observation, and this study found that tactile processing is facilitated when observing slow movements. These findings are important for understanding tactile processing during action observation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)