Article
Clinical Neurology
Iris Alvarez-merz, Maria-dolores Munoz, Jesus M. Hernandez-guijo, Jose M. Solis
Summary: Non-excitatory amino acids (AA) can induce membrane depolarization and affect synaptic transmission during hypoxia. The mixture of L-alanine, glycine, L-glutamine, and L-serine can reliably provoke this effect. AA transporters, such as system N and alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2), may serve as therapeutic targets for brain ischemia treatment.
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marinus Toman, John Joseph Wade, Alexei Verkhratsky, Mark Dallas, Angela Bithell, Bronac Flanagan, Jim Harkin, Liam McDaid
Summary: In this study, a computational model is used to investigate the impact of the spatial relationship between astrocytes and synapses on ionic homeostasis. The results show that the degree of astrocyte coverage affects the concentrations of K+, Na+, and Ca2+, particularly the uptake of Ca2+. Moreover, the proximity of astrocytic leaflets to the synaptic cleft determines the formation of Ca2+ microdomains, which may affect leaflet motility.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Diana Martinez, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Michael P. Matott, Eileen M. Hasser, David D. Kline
Summary: The nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) in the brainstem plays a role in controlling peripheral cardiorespiratory reflexes through the regulation of neurotransmitters. Specifically, the neurotransmitter GABA is involved in inhibitory signaling and is removed from the extracellular space through GABA transporters (GATs). This study shows that GAT-3, in particular, modulates inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission, affecting basal cardiorespiratory function.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Daniel Reyes-Haro
Summary: Anorexia is a common eating disorder, especially among adolescent females, characterized by a fear of gaining weight due to body image distortion, leading to reduced food intake and severe weight loss. Glial cells may play a significant role in anorexia.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abhijit Das, Gregory Gauthier-Coles, Stefan Broer, Caroline D. Rae
Summary: This study examined the cycling of glutamine and alanine in the cerebellum by inhibiting amino acid transporters. The results indicate that the cerebellum has tightly coupled cells and that glutamate/glutamine, as well as alanine cycling, play a major role in this part of the brain.
Article
Neurosciences
Kaoru Beppu, Naoko Kubo, Ko Matsui
Summary: Recent studies have shown that Bergmann glial cells in the cerebellum can effectively amplify excitatory information processing by releasing glutamate, demonstrating interaction between neurons and glia. This finding suggests that a portion of the postsynaptic current in neurons may be mediated by glutamate released from Bergmann glial cells.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ada G. Rodriguez-Campuzano, Luisa C. Hernandez-Kelly, Arturo Ortega
Summary: Exposure to xenobiotics, especially the excessive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter l-glutamate, can have significant effects on brain physiology, potentially leading to excitotoxicity and neuronal death. This study investigates the role of dynamic DNA methylation triggered by glutamate in glial cells in modulating the expression and function of glial glutamate transporters.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zila Martinez-Lozada, Arturo Ortega
Summary: Glutamate, as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, plays a critical role in the central nervous system. The molecular cloning of its ionotropic receptors has greatly increased the interest in this neurotransmitter system. The characterization of glial glutamate receptors and the involvement of surrounding astrocytes in glutamate turnover have revealed the tripartite synapses. Understanding the molecular characterization of glutamate transporters has also highlighted the role of glial cells in glutamatergic synapses.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Nicholas J. Benfey, Vanessa J. Li, Anne Schohl, Edward S. Ruthazer
Summary: During early development of the Xenopus laevis visual system, radial astrocytes in the optic tectum are highly responsive to sensory stimulation, with visual stimulation driving temporally correlated increases in the activity patterns of neighboring radial astrocytes. The blockade of glutamate transporters or sodium-calcium exchangers (NCX) abolishes visually evoked responses in glia, highlighting a pivotal role for NCX in glia during development.
Article
Cell Biology
Matthew D. Lycas, Aske L. Ejdrup, Andreas T. Sorensen, Nicolai O. Haahr, Soren H. Jorgensen, Daryl A. Guthrie, Jonatan F. Stoier, Christian Werner, Amy Hauck Newman, Markus Sauer, Freja Herborg, Ulrik Gether
Summary: This study reveals the dynamic distribution and regulation mechanism of dopamine transporter (DAT) in synaptic varicosities using super-resolution microscopy techniques. The DAT exists in a dynamic equilibrium between inward-facing nanodomains and outward-facing unclustered configuration, which is regulated by excitatory drive and DA D2 autoreceptor activation. The DAT nanodomains overlap with PIP2 nanodomains but show little overlap with D2 autoreceptor, syntaxin-1, and clathrin nanodomains.
Article
Neurosciences
Viktoria S. Pendeliuk, Igor V. Melnick
Summary: Synchronization of hippocampal interneurons (INs) relies on local cell interactions and intensity of network activity. In baseline conditions, a significant portion of inhibitory postsynaptic currents coincided between cells. Network activity induced excitatory and inhibitory events, with excitatory events capable of synchronizing IN firing. Glutamatergic mechanisms play a crucial role in initiating and dominating IN synchronization.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ulrike Breitinger, Hans-Georg Breitinger
Summary: Pain is a necessary warning mechanism against injury, and its transmission involves various factors such as inflammatory and neuropathic pain mechanisms, as well as diabetes-related neuropathic pain. Glia cells and their specific channels, transporters, and signaling pathways play important roles in pain signal transmission, and inhibitory synaptic signaling is crucial for nociceptive signaling. The contribution of inhibitory receptors to altered pain sensation in diabetes has potential clinical relevance and can be targeted for the development of new analgesics.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Anna Bodzeta, Nicky Scheefhals, Harold D. MacGillavry
Summary: The various functions of glutamate in the brain are mediated by ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, which modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. mGluRs play roles at both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, acting as essential signal integrators that couple mechanisms of transmission and plasticity.
Article
Biology
Amy Cheung, Kotaro Konno, Yuka Imamura, Aya Matsui, Manabu Abe, Kenji Sakimura, Toshikuni Sasaoka, Takeshi Uemura, Masahiko Watanabe, Kensuke Futai, Nils Brose
Summary: The study reveals the involvement of Nrxn genes in the modulation of 5-HT transmission and behavior, suggesting a potential link between Nrxn mutations and ASD.
Article
Neurosciences
Antonella Comitato, Enza Lacivita, Marcello Leopoldo, Rita Bardoni
Summary: The 5-HT7 receptors play an important role in synaptic modulation, particularly in synaptic inhibition, in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The stronger impact on synaptic inhibition suggests that these receptors may have an anti-nociceptive role in the spinal cord of naive animals.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Carlos Gonzalez, S. Alisha Epps, Sean J. Markwardt, Jacques I. Wadiche, Linda Overstreet-Wadiche
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wan-Chen Lin, Ming-Chi Tsai, Rajit Rajappa, Richard H. Kramer
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica M. Froula, Benjamin W. Henderson, Jose Carlos Gonzalez, Jada H. Vaden, John W. Mclean, Yumei Wu, Gokulakrishna Banumurthy, Linda Overstreet-Wadiche, Jeremy H. Herskowitz, Laura A. Volpicelli-Daley
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander Pieper, Stephanie Rudolph, Georg L. Wieser, Tilmann Goetze, Hendrik Miessner, Tomoko Yonemasu, Kuo Yan, Iva Tzvetanova, Bettina Duverge Castillo, Ulli Bode, Ingo Bormuth, Jacques I. Wadiche, Markus H. Schwab, Sandra Goebbels
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Biology
Jada H. Vaden, Gokulakrishna Banumurthy, Eugeny S. Gusarevich, Linda Overstreet-Wadiche, Jacques I. Wadiche
Article
Neurosciences
L. J. McMeekin, A. F. Bartley, A. S. Bohannon, E. W. Adlaf, T. van Groen, S. M. Boas, S. N. Fox, P. J. Detloff, D. K. Crossman, L. S. Overstreet-Wadiche, J. J. Hablitz, L. E. Dobrunz, R. M. Cowell
Article
Cell Biology
Yu Gao, Minjie Shen, Jose Carlos Gonzalez, Qiping Dong, Sudharsan Kannan, Johnson T. Hoang, Brian E. Eisinger, Jyotsna Pandey, Sahar Javadi, Qiang Chang, Daifeng Wang, Linda Overstreet-Wadiche, Xinyu Zhao
Article
Biology
Ryan J. Vaden, Jose Carlos Gonzalez, Ming-Chi Tsai, Anastasia J. Niver, Allison R. Fusilier, Chelsea M. Griffith, Richard H. Kramer, Jacques I. Wadiche, Linda Overstreet-Wadiche
Article
Neurosciences
Christopher M. Davenport, Rajit Rajappa, Ljudmila Katchan, Charlotte R. Taylor, Ming-Chi Tsai, Caleb M. Smith, Johannes W. de Jong, Don B. Arnold, Stephan Lammel, Richard H. Kramer
Summary: The study uncovers a hidden form of inhibitory synaptic plasticity that prevents the accumulation of excitatory long-term potentiation (LTP). Induction of excitatory LTP relocates α5-GABARs to inhibitory synapses, interrupting further LTP induction. This dual plasticity between inhibitory and excitatory synapses may be a critical early step in memory preservation.
Article
Neurosciences
Shreya Malhotra, Gokulakrishna Banumurthy, Reagan L. Pennock, Jada H. Vaden, Izumi Sugihara, Linda Overstreet-Wadiche, Jacques Wadiche
Summary: Neurotransmitter spillover, a form of communication not easily predicted by anatomy, is regulated by the patterned expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter 4 in the cerebellum. Through experiments using Aldolase C-Venus knock-in mice, researchers found that heterogeneity in EAAT4 expression is the primary determinant of differential spillover between neuronal microzones. This study highlights how neuronal glutamate transporters limit extrasynaptic transmission in a non-cell-autonomous manner and provides new insights into the functional specialization of cerebellar microzones.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kuan-Chen Chin, Yu-Chia Cheng, Jen-Tang Sun, Chih-Yen Ou, Chun-Hua Hu, Ming-Chi Tsai, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma, Wen-Chu Chiang, Albert Y. Chen
Summary: A machine learning-based model, called the PAMT model, was developed to predict severe road accident trauma. The study found that the accuracy of the PAMT model is similar to that of the participating dispatchers, but it may provide higher accuracy when the dispatchers lack confidence in their judgments.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jose Carlos Gonzalez, Haeun Lee, Angela M. Vincent, Angela L. Hill, Lacy K. Goode, Gwendalyn D. King, Karen L. Gamble, I. Wadiche, Jacques I. Wadiche, Linda Overstreet-Wadiche
Summary: The central circadian regulator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus controls the diurnal spiking rhythm through molecular clock genes regulated membrane excitability, transmitting time information. Most brain regions, including the hippocampus, possess similar intrinsic circadian transcription machinery, but whether they generate oscillations of membrane properties is uncertain. This study demonstrates that mouse dentate granule neurons exhibit a 24-hour oscillation in intrinsic excitability which regulates spiking probability. The ciradian transcriptional machinery coordinates ion channels through G-protein signaling to regulate intrinsic excitability, providing a potential mechanism for cell-autonomous oscillations.