Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jan Oltmer, Emma W. W. Rosenblum, Emily M. M. Williams, Jessica Roy, Josue Llamas-Rodriguez, Valentina Perosa, Samantha N. N. Champion, Matthew P. P. Frosch, Jean C. C. Augustinack
Summary: Hippocampal subregions have differences in specialization and vulnerability to cell death. Neuronal loss in the human brain has been linked to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. This study presents an automated deep learning pipeline for segmenting hippocampal pyramidal neurons, which correlates strongly with manual stereological counts and shows potential for tracking disease progression.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel Reznik, Robert Trampel, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Menno P. Witter, Christian F. Doeller
Summary: This study used MRI to scan four human individuals and discovered three meaningful networks associated with different subregions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). These findings provide anatomical constraints for human mnemonic functions and are insightful for examining the evolutionary trajectory of MTL connectivity across species.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuhao Shen, Cun Zhang, Shunshun Cui, Rui Wang, Huanhuan Cai, Wenming Zhao, Jiajia Zhu, Yongqiang Yu
Summary: This study reveals the gene expression associated with functional connectivity of the human sensorimotor cortex through transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlation analysis. The sensorimotor subregions can be classified into polygenic- and oligogenic-modulated subregions, with their functional connectivity related to the numbers and characteristics of gene expression. These findings contribute to our understanding of the functional homogeneity and heterogeneity of the human sensorimotor cortex from a genetic perspective.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Cun Zhang, Huanhuan Cai, Xiaotao Xu, Qian Li, Xueying Li, Wenming Zhao, Yinfeng Qian, Jiajia Zhu, Yongqiang Yu
Summary: Using transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlations, this study identified genes associated with resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of visual subregions. The results showed that the rsFC of eight visual subregions were associated with expression measures of gene sets specifically expressed in brain tissue and correlated with visual behavioral processes. There were significant differences in gene sets and functional features between medial and lateral visual subregions, with medial subregions associated with neuropsychiatric diseases and diverse biological functions.
Article
Neurosciences
JeYoung Jung, Matthew A. Lambon Ralph, Rebecca L. Jackson
Summary: The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), located in the human brain, plays significant roles in various executive functions. This study aimed to investigate whether there are functional subdivisions within the DLPFC. The researchers divided the DLPFC into seven regions and examined their structural and functional connectivity patterns. The findings suggest that the DLPFC may be subdivided along different axes, reflecting its integrative executive function.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Horst A. Obenhaus, Weijian Zong, R. Irene Jacobsen, Tobias Rose, Flavio Donato, Liangyi Chen, Heping Cheng, Tobias Bonhoeffer, May-Britt Moser, Edvard Moser
Summary: The study found that grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) exhibit distinct organization compared to border, head-direction, and object-vector cells, with strong coupling among themselves but weaker connections to other cell types.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ueli Rutishauser, Leila Reddy, Florian Mormann, Johannes Sarnthein
Summary: Recordings from neurons in humans implanted with electrodes reveal the existence of different types of cells related to memory, including those encoding selective and invariant representations of abstract concepts, and memory-selective cells associated with familiarity and episodic retrieval. Insights derived from observing these cells include the activation of semantic representations before episodic representations, the segregation of memory content and memory strength, and the relationship between cell activity and subjective awareness in declarative memory.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Simone Vigano, Valerio Rubino, Antonio Di Soccio, Marco Buiatti, Manuela Piazza
Summary: The human brain represents relational information about words through grid-like and distance-dependent codes, as shown in a study where participants learned the meaning of novel words while performing a word comparison task.
Article
Neurosciences
Heidrun Schultz, Tobias Sommer, Jan Peters
Summary: During associative retrieval, the brain reinstates neural representations that were present during encoding. A study found that high-confident recognition memory elicits reinstatement in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) even in the absence of an explicit instruction to retrieve associated information.
Article
Neurosciences
Dylan S. Spets, Scott D. Slotnick
Summary: A growing body of literature suggests sex differences in brain activity during long-term memory, but evidence on sex differences in functional brain connectivity is limited. In a previous study, we found sex differences in hippocampal connectivity during spatial long-term memory. In this fMRI study, we investigated perirhinal/entorhinal connectivity and the role of sex in item memory.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amaya Urdanoz-Casado, Javier Sanchez-Ruiz de Gordoa, Maitane Robles, Miren Roldan, Monica Macias Conde, Blanca Acha, Idoia Blanco-Luquin, Maite Mendioroz
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia. It has been found that a circular RNA (circRNA) derived from the APP gene may contribute to the synthesis of A beta peptides, providing an alternative pathway for A beta biogenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression of a circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) in the entorhinal cortex of AD patients, and observed decreased levels of circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) in AD cases compared to controls. We also found a negative correlation between A beta deposits and circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) and APP expression levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Chu-Chung Huang, Edmund T. Rolls, Chih-Chin Heather Hsu, Jianfeng Feng, Ching-Po Lin
Summary: The human hippocampus is crucial in encoding new memories and utilizes inputs from different streams to form episodic memories. Diffusion tractography has revealed extensive direct connections between the hippocampus and various cortical areas in humans, indicating a complex network that involves specialized computations for memory processing.
Article
Neurosciences
Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen, Thea Meier Hormann, Gunnar Gouras
Summary: This study characterizes the expression of Aβ(42) in the brains of outbred Wistar rats and compares it to the brains of human subjects without neurological disease. The results show that Aβ(42) is expressed in neurons throughout the brain of healthy Wistar rats, with the highest levels found in certain brain regions. These findings are consistent with the expression of Aβ(42) in human subjects, indicating that the McGill-R-Thy1-APP rat model for AD accurately represents the normal vulnerability to Aβ(42) accumulation in wild-type neuronal populations.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leticia Leite, Nathalia Bianchini Esper, Jose Roberto M. Lopes Junior, Diogo Rizzato Lara, Augusto Buchweitz
Summary: This exploratory study identified differences in resting-state functional connectivity for the amygdala and its subregions in patients with PTSD compared to controls. The results showed a weaker functional connectivity between the superficial amygdala and posterior brain regions in PTSD patients, suggesting sensory and perceptual processes may be affected. Additionally, early traumatic experiences were associated with negative connectivity between the centromedial amygdala and sensory and perceptual regions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Bo Zhang, Fan Wang, Qi Zhang, Yuji Naya
Summary: Our mental representation of egocentric space is influenced by the disproportionate sensory perception of the body. Previous studies have focused on the neural architecture for egocentric representations within the visual field. However, the space representation underlying the body is still unclear. This study used fMRI and MEG to investigate the spatial representation of targets relative to the body and found that the frontoparietal network is more involved in representing left/right targets, while the MTL-parietal network is more involved in retrieving targets behind the participant. MEG data also showed an earlier activation of the MTL-parietal network during target retrieval.
Article
Neurosciences
A. Wiehler, K. Chakroun, J. Peters
Summary: Research suggests that individuals with gambling disorder show specific deficits in exploration strategy, possibly linked to altered processing in a fronto-parietal network and/or changes in dopamine neurotransmission in the midbrain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David A. O'Connor, Remi Janet, Valentin Guigon, Anael Belle, Benjamin T. Vincent, Uli Bromberg, Jan Peters, Brice Corgnet, Jean-Claude Dreher
Summary: The study used virtual reality technology to investigate the impact of spatial proximity on impulsive behavior, finding that participants were significantly less able to stop motor actions when rewarding cues were near compared with when they were far. This suggests that proximity plays a distinctive role in driving impulsive actions for rewards.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luca R. Bruder, Lisa Scharer, Jan Peters
Summary: The emergence of high-performance virtual reality technology has allowed for new possibilities in examining context effects in psychological studies, especially for research on psychiatric disorders. Testing the reliability of a commonly used behavioral task in a novel VR set-up has shown promising results, indicating that VR can be a valuable tool for computational psychiatry applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Canan Beate Schueller, Ben Jonathan Wagner, Thomas Schueller, Juan Carlos Baldermann, Daniel Huys, Julia Kerner Auch Koerner, Eva Niessen, Alexander Muenchau, Valerie Brandt, Jan Peters, Jens Kuhn
Summary: Tourette syndrome is associated with hyperactivity in dopaminergic networks, leading to changes in temporal discounting. Adolescents with Tourette syndrome showed reduced temporal discounting, possibly due to improved inhibitory functions affecting choice impulsivity.
Article
Neurosciences
Gina Joue, Karima Chakroun, Janine Bayer, Jan Glaescher, Lei Zhang, Johannes Fuss, Nora Hennies, Tobias Sommer
Summary: The study found that women showed enhanced brain activity related to reward prediction error compared to men, and this effect was further amplified when estrogen levels were elevated in both sexes. However, both female sex and estrogen slowed adaptation to reward prediction errors, resulting in a smaller learning rate.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Kilian Knauth, Jan Peters
Summary: This study tested the effects of appetitive, aversive, and neutral cues on temporal discounting in 35 healthy male participants. The results showed that emotional cues of either valence did not significantly affect the steepness of temporal discounting. Aversive cues tended to increase decision noise. Computational modeling indicated that trial-wise arousal only accounted for minor variance over and above aversive and erotic condition effects, suggesting no general effect of physiological arousal on temporal discounting.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentina Krenz, Tobias Sommer, Arjen Alink, Benno Roozendaal, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Memories are believed to undergo a time-dependent system consolidation, during which hippocampal activity decreases and neocortical activity increases. However, noradrenergic arousal after encoding can reverse this process and maintain the vividness of memories over time.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sawis Nouri, Sarah Biedermann, Gina Joue, Matthias K. Auer, Tobias Sommer, Johannes Fuss
Summary: There is a sex difference in anxiety-related behaviors and disorders, with estradiol potentially having an anxiolytic effect. This study investigated the effects of elevated estradiol levels on anxiety in men and women. The results showed that estradiol treatment reduced physiological stress response, but had no effect on behavioral measures and subjective anxiety levels.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Elke Smith, Jan Peters
Summary: The study investigates whether motor response vigour and visual fixation patterns serve as implicit measures of subjective utility during intertemporal choice. The results show that motor response vigour and visual fixation patterns are related to reward magnitudes and subjective value differences between options.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
David Mathar, Mani Erfanian Abdoust, Tobias Marrenbach, Deniz Tuzsus, Jan Peters
Summary: Supplementation with L-Tyrosine can improve cognitive performance and modulate psychophysiological parameters. It reduces response times, increases model-based control, and attenuates temporal discounting. Pupil dilation can predict temporal discounting and tyrosine supplementation reduces physiological arousal.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gabriele M. Rune, Gina Joue, Tobias Sommer
Summary: To translate findings on the effects of 178-estradiol (E2) from animal studies to humans, a placebo-controlled pharmacological enhancement of E2 levels for at least 24 hours was administered. The exogenous increase in E2 levels had an impact on the secretion of other hormones and neuroactive hormones. Overall, the E2V regimen resulted in similar E2 levels, down-regulation of FSH and LH levels, decreased P4 concentration, dropped TST and DHT levels in men, and decreased levels of IGF-1 in both sexes.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentina Krenz, Arjen Alink, Tobias Sommer, Benno Roozendaal, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Memories undergo a time-dependent neural reorganization, with a transformation characterized by a semantic nature and reflected in pattern reinstatement in the hippocampus and event representations in the neocortex.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karima Chakroun, Antonius Wiehler, Ben Wagner, David Mathar, Florian Ganzer, Thilo van Eimeren, Tobias Sommer, Jan Peters
Summary: This study investigates the impact of dopaminergic mechanisms on reinforcement learning and action selection using a combined pharmacological neuroimaging approach. The results suggest that there is little difference in the effects of L-dopa and Haloperidol on learning from gains, and lower dosages of D2 receptor antagonists may increase striatal dopamine release, leading to reduced decision thresholds.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Heidrun Schultz, Tobias Sommer, Jan Peters
Summary: During associative retrieval, the brain reinstates neural representations that were present during encoding. A study found that high-confident recognition memory elicits reinstatement in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) even in the absence of an explicit instruction to retrieve associated information.