Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Constantino A. Garcia, Alberto Gil-de-la-Fuente, Coral Barbas, Abraham Otero
Summary: Retention time information is crucial for metabolite annotation in metabolomic experiments. By training machine learning models, the retention time for a specific chromatographic method can be accurately predicted, providing valuable support for metabolite annotation workflow.
JOURNAL OF CHEMINFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lucas R. Vargas Zeppetello, Adrian E. Raftery, David S. Battisti
Summary: Using probabilistic emission projections, this study demonstrates that the Heat Index driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions will increase global exposure to dangerous environments in the future. Even if the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming to 2 degrees C is achieved, the exposure to dangerous Heat Index levels is projected to rise significantly, particularly in tropical regions. Without more aggressive emissions reductions, it is predicted that by 2100, many people in tropical regions will experience dangerously high Heat Index values on a daily basis, and deadly heat waves will become annual occurrences in mid-latitude regions.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Eduardo Varjao Vieira, Paula Ricci Arantes, Clement Hamani, Ricardo Iglesio, Kleber Paiva Duarte, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira, Euripedes C. Miguel, Antonio Carlos Lopes, Fabio Godinho
Summary: Reviewing studies on deep brain stimulation for OCD patients, it is found that the impact on neural networks remains controversial. Further research is needed to clarify the role of different structures and networks in the effects of DBS.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennifer Muller, Mahdi Alizadeh, Caio M. Matias, Sara Thalheimer, Victor Romo, Justin Martello, Tsao-Wei Liang, Feroze B. Mohamed, Chengyuan Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of probabilistic tractography-based VIM targeting in ET patients. Probabilistic tractography is more precise than deterministic tractography for the delineation of VIM and the ventralis caudalis nucleus of the thalamus. Larger studies across multiple centers are necessary to further validate this method.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Gabriela B. Gomez-Gonzalez, Ataulfo Martinez-Torres
Summary: The study reveals the presence of a tract of axons named subventricular axons (SVa) within the fastigial nucleus, containing projection neurons that interconnect both FNs. This finding contributes to our understanding of the complex organization of the fastigial nucleus, although the function of the interconnection remains to be elucidated.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhoule Zhu, Elizabeth Hubbard, Xinxia Guo, Daniel A. N. Barbosa, Abdul Malik Popal, Chengwei Cai, Hongjie Jiang, Zhe Zheng, Jingquan Lin, Wei Gao, Jianmin Zhang, Katrina Bartas, Desiree Macchia, Pieter Derdeyn, Casey H. Halpern, Helen S. Mayberg, Kevin T. Beier, Junming Zhu, Hemmings Wu
Summary: The study revealed that different deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets modulate overlapping but considerably distinct pathways, with DBS targets categorized into four groups: Cortical, Striatal, Thalamic, and Medial Forebrain Bundle. The data also indicated that Brodmann area 10 and the amygdala are central structures associated with all DBS targets.
Article
Neurosciences
Mengmeng Feng, Hongwei Wen, Haotian Xin, Shengpei Wang, Yian Gao, Chaofan Sui, Changhu Liang, Lingfei Guo
Summary: Differences in brain structural networks were observed in individuals with different CSVD burdens. The networks were constructed using probabilistic diffusion tractography and characterized using graph theory. The study found significantly decreased network efficiencies in the CSVD-s group, which were correlated with cognitive function.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Faezeh Vedaei, Islam Fayed, Mahdi Alizadeh, Christopher Miller, Ashley B. Zhang, Victoria Koa, Suharto Khan, Feroze B. Mohamed, Chengyuan Wu
Summary: This study demonstrated that the presence of enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) is unlikely to affect the targeting of basal ganglia nuclei based on tractography.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrew I. Yang, Drew Parker, Anupa A. Vijayakumari, Ashwin G. Ramayya, Melanie P. Donley-Fletcher, Darien Aunapu, Ronald L. Wolf, Gordon H. Baltuch, Ragini Verma
Summary: This study compared DRTT reconstructed with deterministic tracking to that reconstructed with probabilistic tracking. The results showed that probabilistic tracking was superior in spatial proximity to the DBS lead and the active contact chosen.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Tengfei Xue, Fan Zhang, Chaoyi Zhang, Yuqian Chen, Yang Song, Alexandra J. Golby, Nikos Makris, Yogesh Rathi, Weidong Cai, Lauren J. O'Donnell
Summary: Diffusion MRI tractography enables in vivo mapping of the brain's white matter connections. We propose a deep-learning-based framework, SupWMA, for efficient and consistent parcellation of superficial white matter (SWM) clusters from whole-brain tractography. SupWMA achieves highly consistent and accurate SWM parcellation results across different ages and health conditions, and it has a faster computational speed compared to other methods.
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Laurent Petit, Kariem Mahdy Ali, Francois Rheault, Arnaud Bore, Sandrine Cremona, Francesco Corsini, Alessandro De Benedictis, Maxime Descoteaux, Silvio Sarubbo
Summary: The angular gyrus is a critical connector epicenter linking multiple functional networks and plays a crucial role in language elaboration and spatial attention and awareness. It is connected to various brain regions, including the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. This study provides a comprehensive description of the structural connectivity of the angular gyrus, which can improve subcortical testing and post-operative neurologic outcomes related to surgery in and around this region.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Can Tao, Guang-Wei Zhang, Junxiang J. Huang, Zhong Li, Huizhong W. Tao, Li I. Zhang
Summary: Fluctuations in reproductive hormone levels can cause mood disruptions in women, and this study suggests that the medial preoptic area (MPOA) in the brain plays a key role in mediating depressive-like behaviors after ovarian hormone withdrawal. The downregulation of activity in estrogen receptor-1 (Esr1)-expressing GABAergic neurons in the MPOA is linked to these behaviors, and enhancing their activity can alleviate depressive-like symptoms. Different subpopulations of these neurons mediate different symptoms, with one subpopulation projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) causing anhedonia and another projecting to the periaqueductal gray causing immobility.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Evan Wicker, Safwan K. Hyder, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: There is a significant unmet need for improved treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This study investigates the role of the midline thalamus, specifically the mediodorsal nucleus (MD), in the initiation and propagation of seizures. The results highlight the importance of projections from the MD to the prelimbic cortex in the propagation of amygdala-kindled seizures.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Maelig Chauvel, Ivy Uszynski, Bastien Herlin, Alexandros Popov, Yann Leprince, Jean-Francois Mangin, William D. Hopkins, Cyril Poupon
Summary: Mapping and comparing the brain connectome of chimpanzees and humans is crucial for understanding the evolution of primates. This study establishes a new white matter atlas of chimpanzee brain connectivity and provides valuable reference data for studying the similarities and differences between human and chimpanzee brains.
Article
Neurosciences
Adrian T. Funk, Asim A. O. Hassan, Norbert Bruggemann, Nutan Sharma, Hans C. Breiter, Anne J. Blood, Jeff L. Waugh
Summary: This article investigates the importance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops in the mammalian brain. They found that the striatal compartments have different structural connectivity and functional characteristics, playing a crucial role in regulating brain networks.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jan Stochl, Hannah Jones, Emma Soneson, Adam P. Wagner, Golam M. Khandaker, Stanley Zammit, Jon Heron, Gemma Hammerton, Edward T. Bullmore, Ray Dolan, Peter Fonagy, Ian M. Goodyer, J. Perez, Peter B. Jones
Summary: Characterizing patterns of mental phenomena in epidemiological studies of adolescents can provide insight into the latent organization of psychiatric disorders. This avoids the biases of chronicity and selection inherent in clinical samples, guides models of shared aetiology within psychiatric disorders and informs the development and implementation of interventions.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Paul B. Sharp, Raymond J. Dolan, Eran Eldar
Summary: This study suggests that disorders involving compulsivity, fear, and anxiety are linked to impairments in learning the probabilistic mapping between actions and environmental states. Individuals with higher levels of compulsivity are more likely to demonstrate impairments in state transition learning. The dysregulated state transition learning, characterized by either too fast or too slow learning rates, may provide a target for therapeutic intervention in compulsivity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Jessica McFadyen, Raymond J. Dolan
Summary: Aberrant patterns of cognition, perception, and behavior in psychiatric disorders are believed to result from complex neural processes evolving at a fast temporal scale. However, current neuroimaging technologies face limitations in balancing spatial and temporal resolutions, hindering the understanding of these dynamic processes in humans. Recent advancements in high temporal resolution imaging, particularly magnetoencephalography, combined with sophisticated machine learning decoding techniques, offer novel insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of cognitive phenomena relevant to psychiatric illnesses. This review considers the recent developments and applications that aim to drive a mechanistic understanding of psychopathology and aid in preclinical translation.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Luke J. Edwards, Peter McColgan, Saskia Helbling, Angeliki Zarkali, Lenka Vaculciakova, Kerrin J. Pine, Fred Dick, Nikolaus Weiskopf
Summary: The study investigated the associations between qMRI parameters and neocortical cell types by comparing the spatial distribution of qMRI parameters to gene expression from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. The results suggest that qMRI parameters could potentially be used as biomarkers for specific cell types.
Article
Neuroimaging
Simon Schading, Gergely David, Tim Max Emmenegger, Cristian Achim, Alan Thompson, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Armin Curt, Patrick Freund
Summary: This study tracks the spatiotemporal dynamics of remote anterograde and retrograde spinal tract degeneration in the upper cervical cord following SCI over two years utilizing quantitative MRI. The findings show ongoing structural changes, indicative of myelin reductions and atrophy within 2 years after SCI, providing potential biomarkers for regenerative and remyelinating therapies along entire spinal pathways.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Ellen Blythe, Lucia Garrido, Matthew R. Longo
Summary: Body posture and configuration play a significant role in perceiving others' emotional states. While bodily form is processed holistically, certain body parts, such as the hands, may be particularly important for emotion recognition.
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica McFadyen, Yunzhe Liu, Raymond J. Dolan
Summary: Neural replay is involved in planning, with rapid reactivation of states relevant to a task goal. This study using MEG found forward sequential replay during planning, with rapid state-to-state transitions. Replay of rewarding paths was enhanced before avoiding, while attenuated before approaching. Trial-by-trial bias towards replaying potential punishing paths predicted irrational decision-making, especially in participants with higher trait anxiety. These findings highlight the coupling of replay with planned behavior and the prioritization of worst-case scenarios for approaching or avoiding.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Dominik R. Bach, Juliana Sporrer, Rany Abend, Tom Beckers, Joseph E. Dunsmoor, Miquel A. Fullana, Matthias Gamer, Dylan G. Gee, Alfons Hamm, Catherine A. Hartley, Ryan J. Herringa, Tanja Jovanovic, Raffael Kalisch, David C. Knight, Shmuel Lissek, Tina B. Lonsdorf, Christian J. Merz, Mohammed Milad, Jayne Morriss, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Daniel S. Pine, Andreas Olsson, Carien M. van Reekum, Daniela Schiller
Summary: This article introduces a laboratory model called fear conditioning, which is widely used to investigate learning, memory, and psychopathology. Quantification of learning in this model is diverse in humans, and establishing psychometric properties of different quantification methods can be challenging. To address this issue, the researchers propose a calibration procedure in which well-defined values are generated to serve as a validity criterion for ranking methods. They develop a specific calibration protocol for fear conditioning in humans and suggest 25 design variables for measurement calibration. The general calibration process outlined in this study can be used as a blueprint for refining measurements in other subfields of behavioral neuroscience.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jelena M. Wehrli, Yanfang Xia, Benjamin Offenhammer, Birgit Kleim, Daniel Mueller, Dominik R. Bach
Summary: Learning to predict threat is important, but aversive memory can be burdensome in clinical conditions like PTSD. Previous research suggested that doxycycline, an MMP9-inhibiting antibiotic, can reduce fear memory retention. In this study, doxycycline had no impact on trace fear conditioning in healthy individuals, suggesting limited clinical potential.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew M. Nour, Yunzhe Liu, Cameron Higgins, Mark W. Woolrich, Raymond J. Dolan
Summary: Schizophrenia patients show reduced coupling between task-relevant neural replay and default mode network (DMN) activation during rest, which is important for memory consolidation. This finding sheds light on the functional significance of default mode network abnormalities in schizophrenia.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philipp Schwartenbeck, Alon Baram, Yunzhe Liu, Shirley Mark, Timothy Muller, Raymond Dolan, Matthew Botvinick, Zeb Kurth-Nelson, Timothy Behrens
Summary: This study investigates how compositional computation is implemented in the human brain. The findings show that the representations of constructed objects in the frontal cortex and hippocampus are relational and compositional. Additionally, the replay process assembles elements into compounds, gradually shifting from predictable to uncertain elements, and converging on the correct configuration. These results suggest that the hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry plays a crucial role in compositional inference and hypothesis testing.
Article
Neurosciences
Jochen Michely, Ingrid M. Martin, Raymond J. Dolan, Tobias U. Hauser
Summary: A study shows that serotonin enhances the willingness to gather information by reducing sensitivity to cognitive effort, which suggests its potential impact on motivational deficits in psychiatric disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Michela Azzarito, Tim M. Emmenegger, Gabriel Ziegler, Eveline Huber, Patrick Grabher, Martina F. Callaghan, Alan Thompson, Karl Friston, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Tim Killeen, Patrick Freund
Summary: Motor skill learning involves neural plasticity in the motor and limbic systems. This study used a computer-based motion game training to examine the temporal and spatial characteristics of microstructural changes in the brain during skill acquisition. The results showed performance improvements and distributed grey and white matter plasticity across a sensorimotor network.
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Isaac Fradkin, Helen Blair Simpson, Raymond J. Dolan, Jonathan D. Huppert
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Jack Brookes, Samson Hall, Sascha Fruehholz, Dominik R. Bach
Summary: This study presents a novel immersive VR toolkit for the Unity engine that allows for assessment of human behavior in threatening situations. Researchers can create realistic threat environments and collect data on behavior, movement, and eye tracking to gain a better understanding of human behavior under threat.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2023)