Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sicheng Song, Jordi Creus Muncunill, Carlos Galicia Aguirre, Kizito-Tshitoko Tshilenge, B. Wade Hamilton, Akos A. Gerencser, Houda Benlhabib, Maria-Daniela Cirnaru, Mark Leid, Sean D. Mooney, Lisa M. Ellerby, Michelle E. Ehrlich
Summary: The dysregulation of striatal gene expression and function is associated with various diseases. The transcription factor BCL11B plays an important role in the function and maintenance of mature medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum, and its loss of function contributes to the transcriptomic and functional changes in Huntington's disease (HD).
Article
Cell Biology
Takayuki Enomoto, Koji Wakui, Junji Hirota
Summary: Individual olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the mouse main olfactory epithelium express a single odorant receptor (OR) gene from the repertoire of either class I or class II ORs. The transcription factor Bcl11b determines the OR class to be expressed in OSNs. The generation and differentiation of SO-OSN employ the same genetic pathway as in the OSN lineage, which is initiated by the neuronal fate determinant factor Ascl1.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiangbo Wu, Dong Yang, Yanfen Zhou, Shujuan Li, Zhenshan Wang
Summary: Through experimental evidence, it has been shown that certain parts of the main olfactory system (MOE, AON, and VMH) are closely related to infanticide behavior in adult male mice, and the protein AC3 associated with ciliopathy, as well as the expression of related proteins in AON or VMH, are necessary factors for this behavior.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meizhu Huang, Dapeng Li, Xinyu Cheng, Qing Pei, Zhiyong Xie, Huating Gu, Xuerong Zhang, Zijun Chen, Aixue Liu, Yi Wang, Fangmiao Sun, Yulong Li, Jiayi Zhang, Miao He, Yuan Xie, Fan Zhang, Xiangbing Qi, Congping Shang, Peng Cao
Summary: Appetitive locomotion is important for animals to approach rewards, but the neuronal circuitry controlling it is still unclear. Researchers discovered an excitatory brain circuit from the superior colliculus to the substantia nigra that enhances appetitive locomotion in mice during predatory hunting, depending on the activity of SNc dopamine neurons.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Clement Solie, Alessandro Contestabile, Pedro Espinosa, Stefano Musardo, Sebastiano Bariselli, Chieko Huber, Alan Carleton, Camilla Bellone
Summary: This study shows that the pathway from superior colliculus to ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays a key role in encoding orienting behavior and modulating social interaction. The researchers found that this pathway affects VTA dopamine neurons projecting onto dorsolateral striatum, and the stimulation or inhibition of this pathway can influence social interaction in mice.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Melinda A. Kyloh, Timothy J. Hibberd, Joel Castro, Andrea M. Harrington, Lee Travis, Kelsi N. Dodds, Lukasz Wiklendt, Stuart M. Brierley, Vladimir P. Zagorodnyuk, Nick J. Spencer
Summary: This study developed a surgical method to selectively remove specific dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in mice, providing insights into the contribution of thoracolumbar and lumbosacral DRG to pain signaling and behavior. The technique allowed researchers to investigate sensory pathway functions in conscious, free-moving animals without genetic modification.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jie Ren, Yu Sang, Alejandro Aballay
Summary: This study reveals the important role of the gut-brain-microbial axis in controlling immune activation caused by alterations in intestinal homeostasis, through neural cholinergic signaling and the Wnt pathway.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dario Maschi, Ana J. Fernandez-Alvarez, Graciela Lidia Boccaccio
Summary: Proteins from the NANOS family play a crucial role in gonad development and also control neuron maturation and function. Knockdown of Nanos1 in hippocampal neurons impairs synaptogenesis, resulting in smaller and more numerous dendritic spines. Loss of Nanos1 also affects the contact between dendritic PSD95 clusters and pre-synaptic structures, as well as the induction of ARC triggered by neuron depolarization. These findings expand our understanding of the role of NANOS1 in CNS development and suggest its involvement in hippocampal synaptogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Rocio Servin-Vences, Ruby M. Lam, Alize Koolen, Yu Wang, Dimah N. Saade, Meaghan Loud, Halil Kacmaz, Suzanne Frausto, Yunxiao Zhang, Arthur Beyder, Kara L. Marshall, Carsten G. Bonnemann, Alexander T. Chesler, Ardem Patapoutian
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract's movements are regulated by the presence of food and play a crucial role in digestion. The lack of PIEZO2 in humans leads to impaired bowel sensation and motility. In mice, Piezo2 in dorsal root neurons is required for sensing gut content and slows down food transit rates in various parts of the gut. This study uncovers the mechanosensory mechanisms that regulate gut transit and have important implications for digestion and waste removal.
Article
Immunology
Chunliang Xu, Maria Gulinello, Paul S. Frenette
Summary: Sensory nerves play a protective role in SCD, relieving the severity of VOE, and manipulating nociception may provide a promising approach for treating SCD.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhangfu Fang, Fang Yi, Yang Peng, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang, Liting Zhang, Zheng Deng, Fagui Chen, Chenhui Li, Yaowei He, Chuqin Huang, Qingling Zhang, Kefang Lai, Jiaxing Xie
Summary: The study demonstrated that the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 reduced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine allergic rhinitis model by targeting TRPA1, leading to decreased type-2 inflammation in nasal mucosa and improved nose-scratching events, as well as reduced leucocyte numbers and IL-8 levels in the BAL fluid.
Article
Neurosciences
Andres Hernandez-Clavijo, Nicole Sarno, Kevin Y. Gonzalez-Velandia, Rudolf Degen, David Fleck, Jason R. Rock, Marc Spehr, Anna Menini, Simone Pifferi
Summary: The mouse vomeronasal system controls several social behaviors by detecting pheromones and social cues. TMEM16A and TMEM16B chloride channels in vomeronasal neurons play a role in modulating firing patterns in response to mouse pheromones, with TMEM16A being active under basal conditions and both channels influencing activity upon exposure to pheromones.
Article
Neurosciences
Qiang Shan, You Hu, Shijie Chen, Yao Tian
Summary: This study establishes a causal relationship between social dominance and both NAc subregions, the shell and core, by introducing lesions to these areas. Further electrophysiology investigations reveal the correlation between the postsynaptic strength of excitatory synapses onto specific types of medium spiny neurons in these regions and social dominance. DREADD investigation shows that the activities of these respective medium spiny neurons can either suppress or promote social dominance, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for related psychiatric disorders.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jin-Ran Chen, Oxana P. Lazarenko, Michael L. Blackburn, Jennifer F. Chen, Christopher E. Randolph, Jovanny Zabaleta, Katrin Schroder, Kim B. Pedersen, Martin J. J. Ronis
Summary: Nox4 expression and reactive oxygen species signaling play a key role in osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and maturation. Nox4 expression and ROS signaling in bone and osteoblastic cells coordinately contribute to osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and maturation.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Violaine Mechin, Patrick Pageat, Eva Teruel, Pietro Asproni
Summary: Chemical communication, specifically through the vomeronasal organ, plays a crucial role in animal behavior. This study demonstrates that aging significantly impacts the condition of the vomeronasal organ, leading to neuronal degeneration and changes in protein expression. The findings shed light on the effects of aging on chemical communication efficiency in animals.
Review
Neurosciences
Fernando Garcia-Moreno, Zoltan Molnar
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Hematology
Masato Saito, Toshihiko Ishii, Itaru Urakawa, Asuka Matsumoto, Ayako Masaki, Asahi Ito, Shigeru Kusumoto, Susumu Suzuki, Takeshi Takahashi, Akimichi Morita, Hiroshi Inagaki, Shinsuke Iida, Takashi Ishida
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alicja M. Nogacka, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilan, Ceferino Martinez-Faedo, Patricia Ruas-Madiedo, Adolfo Suarez, Leonardo Mancabelli, Marco Ventura, Alejandro Cifuentes, Carlos Leon, Miguel Gueimonde, Nuria Salazar
Summary: This study characterized fecal microbiota and metabolome in extreme obesity and after diet-induced weight loss, revealing variations in the interaction between gut microbiota and host linked to obesity status. Microbiota composition and metabolites were found to differ significantly between obese and normal-weight participants, with moderate diet-induced weight loss promoting shifts in the gut microbiota.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Makoto Ohmoto, Satsuki Kitamoto, Junji Hirota
Summary: Taste substances are detected by taste receptor cells in the oral epithelium, which are continuously replaced by new ones generated from local epithelial stem cells. Pou2f3 is a key transcription factor that regulates the generation and differentiation of sweet, umami, and bitter cells. Through RNA-sequence data analysis, Eya1 was identified as the only transcription factor gene showing higher expression in bitter cells than in sweet cells, suggesting it plays a role in regulating the generation and differentiation of bitter cells.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tetsuo Iwata, Satoshi Tomeoka, Junji Hirota
Summary: The J element is a long-range cis-regulatory element that governs the singular expression of class I odorant receptor genes in mice. The core J element contains a specific motif, multiple homeodomain sites, and an O/E-like site, which are necessary for class I-specific enhancer activity. Mutations in the composite motif of the adjacent homeodomain and O/E-like sequences can abolish or severely reduce class I-enhancer activity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Alicja Maria Nogacka, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilan, Silvia Arboleya, Patricia Ruas-Madiedo, Ceferino Martinez-Faedo, Adolfo Suarez, Fang He, Gaku Harata, Akihito Endo, Nuria Salazar, Miguel Gueimonde
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of various probiotic strains on the intestinal microbiota using an in vitro model. It found that responses to probiotics differed between different population groups, with some strains significantly impacting gas production and modulating the response of intestinal cells. The study highlights the importance of screening and selecting probiotics in a population-specific manner before clinical intervention trials.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Takayuki Enomoto, Koji Wakui, Junji Hirota
Summary: Individual olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the mouse main olfactory epithelium express a single odorant receptor (OR) gene from the repertoire of either class I or class II ORs. The transcription factor Bcl11b determines the OR class to be expressed in OSNs. The generation and differentiation of SO-OSN employ the same genetic pathway as in the OSN lineage, which is initiated by the neuronal fate determinant factor Ascl1.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Ewelina Latoszek, Magdalena Czeredys
Summary: The review highlights the essential role of SOCE in the physiology of neural stem cells and its dysregulation in HD pathology. Recent studies demonstrate the impact of elevated STIM2 expression on excessive Ca2+ entry in juvenile-onset HD-induced GABAergic cells. Progress in the in vitro differentiation of MSNs derived from various cell sources is discussed, along with the establishment of HD brain organoids for studying HD pathology and potential treatments. Stem cell therapy, particularly the transplantation of MSNs or their precursors, shows promise in restoring normal neural cell function in HD patients.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Primary Health Care
R. Rodriguez Escobedo, S. Gonzalez Martinez, L. Diaz Naya, L. Suarez Gutierrez, J. L. Fernandez Morera, M. Riestra Fernandez, C. Martinez Faedo, F. Villazon Gonzalez, E. L. Menendez Torre
Summary: The study showed that PCSK9 inhibitors are safe and effective drugs that can significantly reduce LDL-C levels and maintain stability over time. Most patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors had no complications.
MEDICINA DE FAMILIA-SEMERGEN
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Paolo Tessari, Alessandro Toffolon, Monica Vettore, Elisabetta Iori, Anna Lante, Emiliano Feller, Elisabetta Alma Rocco, Monica Vedovato, Giovanna Verlato, Massimo Bellettato
Summary: This study found that despite lower protein content, human milk is equally effective as cow milk in promoting insulin secretion. Differences in incretins and amino acid concentrations were not able to account for the specific potency of human milk on insulin secretion.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Makoto Ohmoto, Shugo Nakamura, Hong Wang, Peihua Jiang, Junji Hirota, Ichiro Matsumoto
Summary: This study reveals the dynamics of single stem cells in the turnover of taste bud cells. The Sox2(+) stem cell population is maintained by balancing the increase of certain stem cells with the reduction of others. Taste buds are composed of cells derived from multiple Sox2(+) stem cells.
Editorial Material
Education & Educational Research
Arthur Tatnall
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea Aparicio, Francisco Villazon, Lorena Suarez-Gutierrez, Juan Gomez, Ceferino Martinez-Faedo, Edelmiro Mendez-Torre, Pablo Avanzas, Rut alvarez-Velasco, Elias Cuesta-Llavona, Claudia Garcia-Lago, David Neuhalfen, Eliecer Coto, Rebeca Lorca
Summary: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder associated with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (ASCVD). However, it is often not diagnosed correctly. Initiating lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) early in life can significantly reduce ASCVD risk in FH patients. Genetic testing can be useful in identifying FH.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carmina Wanden-Berghe, Nuria Virgili Casas, Cristina Cuerda Compes, Esther Ramos Boluda, Jose Luis Pereira Cunill, Maria Irene Maiz Jimenez
Summary: The study analyzed the HPN data obtained from the NADYA-SENPE group registry for the year 2019 and found a total of 283 patients, with 31 children and 252 adults, the main indication for HPN being short-bowel syndrome, and tunnelled catheter being the most commonly used type. The main reason for termination of HPN was death, with a prevalence rate of 6.01 patients per million inhabitants.
NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA
(2021)