Article
Clinical Neurology
Katherine E. Miller, Gisselle Tamayo, Ned Arsenault, Andrea L. Jamison, Steven H. Woodward
Summary: This study investigated the longitudinal profiles of objectively measured sleep periods in a cohort of U.S. male veterans undergoing residential treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Three profiles of sleep period duration were identified: stable, decreasing, and increasing. The severity of pre-treatment PTSD avoidance symptoms and depression symptoms were predictive of membership in the different profiles. The findings suggest the need for further research to determine the impact of these profiles on treatment decisions and the provision of adjunctive sleep-focused treatments.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Suraiya Akter, Yingying Liu, Bin Cheng, John Classen, Edgar Oviedo, Dan Harris, Lingjuan Wang-Li
Summary: This study investigates the behavioral changes of broilers under two dynamic air velocity treatments in summer conditions. The results show that high air velocity treatments increase the number of chickens feeding, standing, and walking. Age and time of day also have an impact on behavior. This study provides guidance for improving the management practices of bird performance and welfare.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julian Giraldo-Barreto, Sebastian Ortiz, Erik H. Thiede, Karen Palacio-Rodriguez, Bob Carpenter, Alex H. Barnett, Pilar Cossio
Summary: Cryo-electron microscopy is used to extract density projections of individual biomolecules and can provide information about their conformational variability and underlying free-energy landscape. A new method called cryo-BIFE is proposed to extract free-energy profiles and uncertainties from cryo-EM images, and experiments show its effectiveness in recovering biomolecular free energy profiles even in low signal-to-noise environments.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johan Nakuci, Jason Samaha, Dobromir Rahnev
Summary: Brain activity during a task shows significant variability. By using a data-driven clustering method, consistent EEG activity patterns across individual trials can be identified, revealing the different patterns associated with task characteristics. These findings highlight the across-trial variability in decision processes that are usually overlooked by experimenters, and provide a method for identifying endogenous brain state variability relevant to cognition and behavior.
Article
Thermodynamics
Michal Ryms, Krzysztof Tesch, Witold M. Lewandowski
Summary: This study investigates the possibility of converting a temperature field from a thermal imaging camera into a velocity field for qualitative analysis of phenomena. Experimental and computational research confirmed the hypothesis that knowledge of the temperature field value is theoretically synonymous with knowledge of the velocity field value.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Joshua Bagg, Maximilian Pitto, Tom Allen
Summary: This study quantifies the spatial distribution of air entrapped below rigid wedge, curved and flat specimens impacting water in free-fall. The results reveal the relationship between the degree of air entrapment and the deadrise angle and radius of the specimens. The findings can be used to compute slamming coefficients and provide insights into the air cushioning effect under different conditions.
Article
Mechanics
Jing Gong, Jun Deng, Wang-ru Wei, Wei-wei Li
Summary: This paper studies the air velocity distribution above spillway tunnels through model tests and analyzes the influence of water depth and velocity. The results show that the air velocity follows an exponential distribution, decreasing as the measuring position moves upward and increasing with water depth.
JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xianke Yang, Ping Huang
Summary: The evolution of ENSO is regulated by the diversity of post-ENSO evolution, with a decaying mode and a developing mode coexisting during the ENSO decaying periods. The ENSO developing mode, susceptible to other signals, determines the diversity of ENSO evolution, while the ENSO decaying mode is steady. Key signals in the South Atlantic and equatorial South Pacific are identified as the main sources impacting ENSO evolution. A prediction model based on the decaying and developing modes improves the forecasting skill of summer ENSO when considering continuous SSTAs and interbasin interactions.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hanjie Fan, Song Yang, Chunzai Wang, Shuheng Lin
Summary: The Pacific meridional mode (PMM) is influenced by El Nifio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and ENSO-related sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Pacific. Two tropical feedbacks on PMM have been proposed: a positive one from central tropical Pacific SSTAs and a negative one from eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) SSTAs. However, our study finds that the negative PMM-like SSTAs did not appear during strong EP El Nifio events in 1983 and 1998. We show that the discrepancy is caused by the warming not only in the ETP but also extending to the date line, which disrupts the wind-evaporation-SST feedback for a negative PMM in the subtropics.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Shaohua Chen, Haikun Zhao, Graciela B. Raga, Philip J. Klotzbach
Summary: This study highlights the significant influences of tropical transbasin variability (TBV) and ENSO on tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific, eastern North Pacific, and North Atlantic Ocean basins. The modulation of TC counts varies in each basin due to different effects of TBV and ENSO, with low-level relative vorticity and large-scale factors playing important roles in regulating TC frequency.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Wen-Xuan She, Zheng-Yu Zuo, Hang Zhao, Qi Gao, Ling-Xin Zhang, Xue-Ming Shao
Summary: In this study, the shape and motion predictions of a single bubble freely ascending in Newtonian liquids are explored using machine learning. New models for the aspect ratio E and drag coefficient C-D are proposed, which show significant improvements compared to conventional correlations. The models have good capabilities in predicting the minimum E and show good agreement with experimental results. The study demonstrates the potential of machine learning in predicting the behavior of bubbles in fluids.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Wangru Wei, Jun Deng, Weilin Xu
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of approach water velocity and area residual of tunnel cross-section on air supply to free-surface water flows using numerical simulation. Results showed a relationship between air demand and area residual, providing reference for air ventilation design of flood discharge tunnels.
JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mingna Wu, Tianjun Zhou, Xiaolong Chen
Summary: This study found that the uncertainty in the projection of El Nino-related WNPAC primarily comes from nonamplitude change, with a faster (slower) El Nino decaying pace enhancing (weakening) the WNPAC.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Shreyasi Datta, Chandan K. Karmakar, Aravinda S. Rao, Bernard Yan, Marimuthu Palaniswami
Summary: This research proposes using only two wrist-worn accelerometer sensors to study the quality of completely spontaneous upper limb motion and investigate correlation with clinical scores for acute stroke care. Results indicate that spontaneous upper limb motion in acute stroke can be decomposed into movement elements resembling point-to-point reaching tasks. The disparity of these movement elements between the two hands shows statistical significance in differentiating mild-to-moderate and severe hemiparesis.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Shaofeng Xu, Lili Gu, Junlin Fang, Yarong Zhang, Ying Guo, Jianjun Shi
Summary: This study develops a numerical solver based on graphic processing units to simulate multicomponent gas flows. Two- and three-dimensional Jacobian matrices are used to reconstruct numerical fluxes and implement a total variation diminishing scheme. The solver is validated through studying the early-stage mass transfer of gas jets and shows stable functioning despite high mass fraction gradients. It provides a better understanding of gas jet dynamics and offers a mathematical foundation for constructing higher schemes.