Article
Neurosciences
Yuka Nakamura, Masaki Ueno, Jesse K. Niehaus, Richard A. Lang, Yi Zheng, Yutaka Yoshida
Summary: Deleting RhoA and RhoC genes to eliminate extrinsic inhibitory pathways, as well as deleting the PTEN gene to enhance intrinsic regenerative response, were found to promote neural circuit rewiring through a combinatorial approach. While this method increased the potential for rewiring, it did not significantly impact axon regrowth across the lesion and motor recovery.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuang Jin, Xiangfeng Chen, Hanyu Zheng, Wanxiong Cai, Xurong Lin, Xiangxing Kong, Yingchun Ni, Jingjia Ye, Xiaodan Li, Luoan Shen, Binjie Guo, Zeinab Abdelrahman, Songlin Zhou, Susu Mao, Yaxian Wang, Chun Yao, Xiaosong Gu, Bin Yu, Zhiping Wang, Xuhua Wang
Summary: The limited regrowth capacity of corticospinal axons after cortical stroke hinders functional recovery. In this study, we identified ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) as a regulator of axonal regrowth in retinal ganglion cells and corticospinal neurons. UBE4B represses axonal regrowth through the cooperative activation of p53 and mTOR pathways. Overexpression of UbV.E4B, a competitive inhibitor of UBE4B, promotes corticospinal axon sprouting and facilitates recovery of corticospinal tract-dependent function in a cortical stroke model.
Article
Neurosciences
Zijue Wang, Hongmei Duan, Fei Hao, Peng Hao, Wen Zhao, Yudan Gao, Yiming Gu, Jianren Song, Xiaoguang Li, Zhaoyang Yang
Summary: An implanted NT3-chitosan scaffold can recruit neural stem cells to the lesion region and lead to the formation of functional neural circuits, promoting recovery after spinal cord injury. The scaffold facilitates the maturation of spinal neurons and the reestablishment of neural circuits, allowing for the recovery of neuromuscular function. This finding highlights the importance of the NT3-chitosan scaffold in promoting functional recovery after paraplegia.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xuyang Hu, Jinxin Huang, Yiteng Li, Lei Dong, Yihao Chen, Fangru Ouyang, Jianjian Li, Ziyu Li, Juehua Jing, Li Cheng
Summary: This study demonstrated that TAZ is significantly upregulated and mainly expressed in microglia after spinal cord injury (SCI). It accumulates in the nuclei of microglia and promotes their migration, leading to the formation of microglial scars and functional recovery.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Hector R. Quinta
Summary: Complete spinal cord lesions disrupt the axonal connections with neuronal targets, hindering voluntary body control below the injury. The failure of spontaneous regrowth of transected axons prevents reconnection with neuronal targets. The use of the developmental axon guidance molecule netrin-1 shows potential in promoting axonal regrowth, reconnection, and recovery of locomotor function after SCI.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bruno Benedetti, Lara Bieler, Christina Erhardt-Kreutzer, Dominika Jakubecova, Ariane Benedetti, Maximilian Reisinger, Dominik Dannehl, Christian Thome, Maren Engelhardt, Sebastien Couillard-Despres
Summary: Spinal cord injury leads to axonal damage in the neocortex, resulting in dysfunctional cortical activity. This study focuses on the hyperexcitability of axotomized neurons in the primary motor cortex layer V (M1LV) and investigates the role of hyperpolarization cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels. It is found that the dysfunction of HCN channels contributes to the pathophysiology of axotomized M1LV neurons, but its impact varies among neurons and interacts with other mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Yunuen Moreno-Lopez, Edmund R. Hollis
Summary: Restoring sensory circuit function after SCI is crucial for movement recovery, with current interventions mainly targeting motor pathways. Corticocortical connections between S1 and M1 are key loci of plasticity, but the impact of rehabilitation on S1-M1 network plasticity and movement recovery remains unknown.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matthew Crowley, Alayna Lilak, Joseph P. Garner, Corinna Darian-Smith
Summary: The study compared behavioral data from two established spinal injury models in monkeys and found that the extent of corticospinal terminal sprouting does not directly correlate with behavioral recovery.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Robert J. Morecraft, Kimberly S. Stilwell-Morecraft, Jizhi Ge, Alexander Kraskov, Roger N. Lemon
Summary: The study found no somatotopic organization of CST fibers passing through the CVJ or contralateral LCST. All CST fibers in the CVJ and LCST appear to be equally susceptible to focal or diffuse injury, regardless of their cortical origin. The dispersed and intermingled nature of frontomotor fibers may play an important role in motor recovery after cervical iSCI.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Allan D. Levi, Jan M. Schwab
Summary: The corticospinal tract (CST) is the main voluntary motor pathway that controls human movements. It plays a crucial role in the loss and recovery of neurological function after incomplete cervical spinal cord injury, particularly in hand function.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wei Wu, Tyler Nguyen, Josue D. Ordaz, Yiping Zhang, Nai-Kui Liu, Xinhua Hu, Yuxiang Liu, Xingjie Ping, Qi Han, Xiangbing Wu, Wenrui Qu, Sujuan Gao, Christopher B. Shields, Xiaoming Jin, Xiao-Ming Xu
Summary: Using optogenetic mapping, researchers discovered that specific neuromodulation of cortical neural circuits can induce massive neural reorganization in the motor cortex and spinal cord, constructing an alternative motor pathway to restore impaired function.
Review
Neurosciences
Alisha Vartak, Divya Goyal, Hemant Kumar
Summary: Guidance molecules are essential for neural development, particularly in guiding axons to their target regions during spinal cord development. Defects in these molecules' expression or function can lead to abnormalities in axonal pathfinding, growth cone navigation, axonal branching, and synapse formation, affecting neuronal circuit construction and function after central nervous system traumas such as spinal cord injury (SCI).
Article
Neurosciences
Masahiro Sawada, Kimika Yoshino-Saito, Taihei Ninomiya, Takao Oishi, Toshihide Yamashita, Hirotaka Onoe, Masahiko Takada, Yukio Nishimura, Tadashi Isa
Summary: This study investigates the morphologic changes in the corticospinal tract (CST) after injury, and reveals that multiple reorganizations of the corticospinal projections to spinal segments contribute to the recovery of hand function after spinal cord injury.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taoyang Yuan, Yu Shao, Xu Zhou, Qian Liu, Zhichao Zhu, Bini Zhou, Yuanchen Dong, Nicholas Stephanopoulos, Songbai Gui, Hao Yan, Dongsheng Liu
Summary: Researchers have developed a DNA hydrogel to repair spinal cord gap in rats, promoting proliferation and differentiation of stem cells for functional recovery. This hydrogel system shows great potential in clinical trials and could be adaptable to other tissue regeneration applications.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexander G. Steele, Darryn A. Atkinson, Blesson Varghese, Jeonghoon Oh, Rachel L. Markley, Dimitry G. Sayenko
Summary: The study systematically investigates the multi-segmental convergence of supraspinal inputs on the lumbosacral neural network before and during the execution of voluntary leg movements in neurologically intact participants.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Marin Manuel, Matthieu Chardon, Vicki Tysseling, C. J. Heckman
Article
Cell Biology
Incheol Ryu, You-Sub Won, Hongseok Ha, Eunjin Kim, Yeonkyoung Park, Min Kyung Kim, Do Hoon Kwon, Junho Choe, Hyun Kyu Song, Hosung Jung, Yoon Ki Kim
Article
Cell Biology
Toshiaki Shigeoka, Max Koppers, Hovy Ho-Wai Wong, Julie Qiaojin Lin, Roberta Cagnetta, Asha Dwivedy, Janaina de Freitas Nascimento, Francesca W. van Tartwijk, Florian Strohl, Jean-Michel Cioni, Julia Schaeffer, Mark Carrington, Clemens F. Kaminski, Hosung Jung, William A. Harris, Christine E. Holt
Article
Neurosciences
Theeradej Thaweerattanasinp, Derin Birch, Mingchen C. Jiang, Matthew C. Tresch, David J. Bennett, Charles J. Heckman, Vicki M. Tysseling
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Neurosciences
Eunjin Kim, Hosung Jung
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Oncology
Hyunji Lee, Hyunjung Chin, Hyeyoung Kim, Hosung Jung, Daekee Lee
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joohyun Park, Jong Youl Kim, Yu Rim Kim, Meiying Huang, Ji Young Chang, A. Young Sim, Hosung Jung, Won Taek Lee, Young-Min Hyun, Jong Eun Lee
Summary: After ischemic stroke, CCR2(high)CX3CR1(low) monocytes recruited to the injured brain are cytokine-dependently converted into CCR2(low)CX3CR1(high) macrophages, attenuating neuroinflammation. The regulation of monocyte-switching is crucial in ischemic stroke, and the adaptation of monocytes in a locally inflamed milieu is vital in alleviating the effects of stroke through innate immunity.
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Chunmei Jin, Yeunkum Lee, Hyojin Kang, Kwon Jeong, Joori Park, Yinhua Zhang, Hyae Rim Kang, Ruiying Ma, Hyunyoung Seong, Yoonhee Kim, Hosung Jung, Jin Young Kim, Yoon Ki Kim, Kihoon Han
Summary: The study suggests that Shank3 may remodel the postsynaptic proteome by regulating synaptic protein synthesis, and dysfunction in this process could be implicated in SHANK3-associated synaptopathies.
Article
Neurosciences
Mingchen C. Jiang, Derin V. Birch, Charles J. Heckman, Vicki M. Tysseling
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to hyperexcitability in the spinal motor system, with the drug CPT showing inhibitory effects on spinal reflexes, particularly on LLRs. A comparison between chronic SCI and acute SCI mice revealed that CPT has a weaker effect on chronic SCI mice, potentially due to changes in the composition of Ca(V)1.3 or other cellular mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Min Ji Yoon, Boyoon Choi, Eun Jin Kim, Jiyeon Ohk, Chansik Yang, Yeon-Gil Choi, Jinyoung Lee, Chanhee Kang, Hyun Kyu Song, Yoon Ki Kim, Jae-Sung Woo, Yongcheol Cho, Eui-Ju Choi, Hosung Jung, Chungho Kim
Summary: The study reveals that UXT functions as an autophagy adaptor for p62-dependent aggrephagy, delaying motor neuron degeneration in a Xenopus model. Additionally, the cooperative relationship between molecular chaperones and the aggrephagy machinery is demonstrated for efficient removal of misfolded protein aggregates.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hyun Jung Park, Hosung Jung
Summary: Recent technological advances in single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics have allowed for a detailed examination of neuro-immune interactions in both healthy and diseased brains. This review provides an overview of literature that investigates gene expression in inflamed brains at the single-cell level, focusing on areas such as maternal immune activation, viral infection, and auto-immune diseases. The reviewed articles also offer strong evidence for the involvement of the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases, which are not traditionally considered as neuroinflammatory. Additionally, this review includes a diagram of experimental and analytical processes in single-cell analysis of the brain and discusses recurring themes and potential future research directions in neuro-immune interactions.
ANIMAL CELLS AND SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jane Jung, Jiyeon Ohk, Hyeyoung Kim, Christine E. Holt, Hyun Jung Park, Hosung Jung
Summary: In this study, a method for capturing the axonal transcriptome was developed, allowing deep sequencing of metabolically labeled mRNAs in retinal ganglion cell axon terminals in mice. The comparison of axonal-to-somal transcriptomes and axonal translatome-to-transcriptome provides a genome-wide visualization of mRNA transport and translation and identifies potential regulators for each process, including FMRP and TDP-43. Experiments in knockout mice confirm the role of FMRP in axonal transportation of synapse-related mRNAs. Pulse-and-chase experiments reveal a strong coupling between mRNA translation and decay. The absolute mRNA abundance per axon terminal remains stable due to persistent transport. These findings provide valuable insights into RNA-based mechanisms in maintaining presynaptic structure and function in vivo.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Minjee Kim, Hyeyoung Kim, Bu-Gyeong Kang, Jooyoung Lee, Taegun Kim, Hwanho Lee, Jane Jung, Myung Joon Oh, Seungyoon Seo, Myung-Jeom Ryu, Yeojin Sung, Yunji Lee, Jeonghun Yeom, Gyoonhee Han, Sun-Shin Cha, Hosung Jung, Hyun Seok Kim
Summary: This study identifies a novel NAMPT inhibitor, A4276, that selectively targets NAPRT-deficient EMT-subtype cancer cells and prevents chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. It highlights the potential of A4276 as a promising anti-cancer agent for use in cancer monotherapy or combination therapy with conventional chemotherapeutics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Boyoon Choi, Hyeyoung Kim, Jungim Jang, Sihyeon Park, Hosung Jung
Summary: Neurons form long-distance connections through their axons, and the accuracy and stability of these connections are crucial for brain function. Investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal circuit assembly and maintenance requires an efficient vertebrate model. Xenopus tropicalis, a diploid amphibian species, is an ideal model for visualizing axonal pathfinding and degeneration of a specific neuronal cell type - the retinal ganglion cell. This study demonstrates that the visual system of X. tropicalis is highly efficient for identifying new molecular mechanisms underlying axon guidance and survival.
MOLECULES AND CELLS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jae Young Kim, Jong Youl Kim, Jae Hwan Kim, Hosung Jung, Won Taek Lee, Jong Eun Lee
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY
(2019)