Article
Immunology
Dongliang Liu, Sheng Zhang, Ethan Poteet, Christian Marin-Muller, Changyi Chen, Qizhi Yao
Summary: In the development of HIV vaccines, incorporating C1q into CD40L/HIV VLP and immunizing through sublingual administration can effectively enhance mucosal and systemic immune responses, induce more vaccine-specific T cells, and show promising research and application value.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edward J. Needham, Alexander L. Ren, Richard J. Digby, Emma J. Norton, Soraya Ebrahimi, Joanne G. Outtrim, Doris A. Chatfield, Anne E. Manktelow, Maya M. Leibowitz, Virginia F. J. Newcombe, Rainer Doffinger, Gabriela Barcenas-Morales, Claudia Fonseca, Michael J. Taussig, Rowan M. Burnstein, Romit J. Samanta, Cordelia Dunai, Nyarie Sithole, Nicholas J. Ashton, Henrik Zetterberg, Magnus Gisslen, Arden Eden, Emelie Marklund, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Jake Dunning, Michael J. Griffiths, Jonathan Cavanagh, Gerome Breen, Sarosh R. Irani, Anne Elmer, Nathalie Kingston, Charlotte Summers, John R. Bradley, Leonie S. Taams, Benedict D. Michael, Edward T. Bullmore, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Paul A. Lyons, Alasdair J. Coles, David K. Menon
Summary: COVID-19 and influenza are both associated with brain injury, particularly in severe cases. The brain injury occurs in the context of dysregulated immune responses, with no single pathogenic mechanism clearly responsible. Blood biomarkers can be used to assess the extent and duration of brain injury.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Iara Maira de Oliveira Viana, Sabrina Roussel, Joan Defrene, Eliana Martins Lima, Frederic Barabe, Nicolas Bertrand
Summary: Significant progress has been made in the field of nanomedicine, allowing for more efficient drug delivery and recognition of therapeutic effects through a collaboration of engineering and medicine. Successes in gene silencing methods beyond oncology have paved the way for new therapies. The global pandemic has highlighted the potential of mRNA vaccines, emphasizing the need for rational design of therapies and vaccines in the future.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Amy Gillgrass, Jocelyn M. Wessels, Jack X. Yang, Charu Kaushic
Summary: Antiretroviral therapy has turned HIV-1 from a deadly infection to a chronic disease, but the virus reservoir remains and global HIV-1 infections continue to rise. Non-human primates have contributed to HIV research, but limitations exist, making humanized mouse models a cost-effective option. Innovations in Hu-mouse models have advanced HIV-1 research in the past decade, offering potential for novel strategies in HIV prevention and therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Shuang Li, Christiane Moog, Tong Zhang, Bin Su
Summary: Antiretroviral therapy is effective in controlling HIV replication, but cannot eliminate the virus completely. Innate and adaptive immune responses play a role in preventing HIV acquisition and controlling viral replication, but they are often insufficient to clear the infection. Optimizing immune responses and developing innovative strategies to eliminate HIV reservoirs are important for achieving a functional cure for HIV infection.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran, Daniel T. Claiborne, Colby R. Maldini, Meredith Phelps, Vladimir Vrbanac, Marshall E. Karpel, Katharine L. Krupp, Karen A. Power, Christian L. Boutwell, Alejandro B. Balazs, Andrew M. Tager, Marcus Altfeld, Todd M. Allen
Summary: The study found that HuBLT mice have well-reconstituted T cells with intact diversity, but exhibit weak T-cell responses to HIV-1 challenge due to a deficiency in innate immune cells, particularly monocytes. Research suggests that efforts to improve the model for HIV-1 immune response and vaccine studies should focus on restoring innate immune reconstitution.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ben S. Ou, Olivia M. Saouaf, Julie Baillet, Eric A. Appel
Summary: The immune system plays a crucial role in regulating and protecting human health. Sustained release technologies have shown potential in enhancing adaptive immune responses by prolonging exposure to immunogenic signals.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Dragan Primorac, Kristijan Vrdoljak, Petar Brlek, Eduard Pavelic, Vilim Molnar, Vid Matisic, Ivana Erceg Ivkosic, Marijo Parcina
Summary: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical field has been applying immunology knowledge to understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Cellular immunity has been shown to persist even years after infection, and T cells play a crucial role in both cellular and humoral immune responses. IgA production is important for mucosal immunity. Recent research has also demonstrated the long-lasting cellular immunity in those who have recovered from COVID-19 or received approved vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Filip Larsberg, Maximilian Sprechert, Deike Hesse, Gudrun A. Brockmann, Susanne Kreuzer-Redmer
Summary: Understanding the modes of action of immunomodulating compounds through in vitro systems can help develop targeted nutrition strategies and reduce the use of antimicrobials, ultimately promoting animal health. The establishment of a robust protocol for isolating and culturing immune cells from chicken blood provides a potential alternative to animal testing and contributes to advancing welfare in chicken farming.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Galina Popova, Sarah S. Soliman, Chang N. Kim, Matthew G. Keefe, Kelsey M. Hennick, Samhita Jain, Tao Li, Dario Tejera, David Shin, Bryant B. Chhun, Christopher S. McGinnis, Matthew Speir, Zev J. Gartner, Shalin B. Mehta, Maximilian Haeussler, Keith B. Hengen, Richard R. Ransohoff, Xianhua Piao, Tomasz J. Nowakowski
Summary: The study compared human microglia states across different culture models and developed a report card of gene expression signatures to facilitate characterization of their responses under various conditions. Xenotransplantation of human microglia into cerebral organoids allowed the characterization of key transcriptional programs of developing microglia and their effects on neural stem cells. Additionally, microglia were found to modulate synaptic density and accelerate synchronized oscillatory network activity in brain organoids.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
P. Tamilalagan, S. Karthiga, P. Manivannan
Summary: This article examines the infection dynamics of a fractionally extended HIV infection model incorporating antibody and CTL immune responses, focusing on the role of antiretroviral therapy drugs in suppressing HIV infection. The dynamical characteristics of the system are qualitatively discussed through linear stability analysis, identifying stable regions of infectious and infection-free steady states. Results are compared with integer order models to understand the impact of fractional order derivatives in HIV infection models. In addition to qualitative analysis, numerical simulations are also performed to find solutions to the fractional system.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Michal Duchniewicz, John Y. W. Lee, David K. Menon, Edward J. Needham
Summary: Neuroinflammation is a major factor in secondary injury after TBI, driven by immune responses in both the central and peripheral systems. Genetic factors play a significant role in TBI outcomes, particularly in adaptive immune responses. By analyzing GWAS datasets, specific genetic variants with high probability of effect can be identified despite limited sample sizes. The HLA class II locus has been highlighted as an important genetic factor in TBI, emphasizing the importance of genetic variance in adaptive immune responses.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2023)
Review
Virology
Valerie Oberhardt, Maike Hofmann, Robert Thimme, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
Summary: The hepatitis delta virus (HDV), the smallest known human virus, causes significant harm to patients co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Co-infection raises virological, immunological, and pathophysiological questions. Recent breakthroughs in understanding the adaptive immune response in HBV/HDV co-infection have shed light on virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Compared to larger viruses, HDV has adapted to evade CD8+ T cells restricted by common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles.
Article
Immunology
Orsolya Oravecz, Roberto Romero, Eszter Toth, Judit Kapitany, Mate Posta, Dahiana M. Gallo, Simona W. Rossi, Adi L. Tarca, Offer Erez, Zoltan Papp, Janos Matko, Nandor Gabor Than, Andrea Balogh
Summary: Galectin-13 and galectin-14 play important immunoregulatory roles during pregnancy by inducing apoptosis of immune cells and promoting cytokine production. These findings provide further understanding of the mechanisms underlying placental immune regulation during a healthy pregnancy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anik Banerjee, Louise D. McCullough
Summary: Both biological sex and aging play important roles in the host immune response in ischemic stroke. Older women tend to have poorer functional outcomes compared to men, possibly due to their older age at first stroke and increased comorbidities. In addition, the immune response differs between men and women, potentially contributing to sex differences in poststroke recovery.
