Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria Andrikopoulou, Sunil K. Panigrahi, Giselle D. Jaconia, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Richard M. Smiley, Gabrielle Page-Wilson
Summary: The study revealed that during early pregnancy, there are specific adaptations in the central regulation of energy balance, including reduced transport of leptin into the brain and decreased melanocortin tone favoring increased appetitive drive.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junewoo Na, Byong Seo Park, Doohyeong Jang, Donggue Kim, Thai Hien Tu, Youngjae Ryu, Chang Man Ha, Marco Koch, Sungchil Yang, Jae Geun Kim, Sunggu Yang
Summary: This study extensively characterizes the AgRP, POMC, and dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc). The distinct anatomical and physiological properties of these neurons in response to appetite-regulating hormones are identified. This research highlights the importance of hypothalamic Arc neurons in appetite control.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiu-Ya Lin, Kun-Yun Yeh, Hsin-Hung Lai, Guor Mour Her
Summary: In this study, a novel agrp promoter was expressed in the zebrafish genome to observe a decline in appetite and growth. The findings demonstrate that AgRP is a critical regulator of neuronal signaling for zebrafish appetite and energy intake control.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Maria Grazia Cappai, Annette Liesegang, Cecilia Dall'Aglio, Giovanna Coppa, Carolina Pirino, Francesca Mercati, Walter Pinna
Summary: The study found that leptin is produced and receptor expressed in different tissues of the ovary in underweight queens, suggesting that the role of leptin may not be limited to the ovary, but may also affect other systemic functions in the body.
VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Rose Crossin
Summary: People with stimulant use disorders may be underweight not only due to appetite suppression, but also because of interactions with hormonal signals regulating appetite, altered dietary patterns, and long-term metabolic deficits that contribute to unhealthy low weight. Increasing awareness and research on these nuances is important for addiction clinicians.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Dhanush Haspula, Zhenzhong Cui
Summary: Precise neural regulation is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis. Hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei adjacent to the circumventricular organs play important roles in regulating energy balance. These nuclei receive inputs from other brain regions and circulating signals, allowing them to exert multi-tier control over metabolism. This review focuses on summarizing the mechanisms by which different neuronal subpopulations in the hypothalamus and brainstem regulate key metabolic functions.
Article
Fisheries
Ana Basto, Luisa M. P. Valente, Jose L. Soengas, Marta Conde-Sieira
Summary: Understanding the regulation of food intake in fish is crucial for formulating aquafeeds. This study evaluated the short- and mid-term response of European sea bass fed diets with partial and total fishmeal replacement by defatted Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (dTM). The results showed that dTM replacement did not affect food intake regulation in sea bass, but may lead to long-term changes in intermediary metabolism.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karen D. Corbin, Elvis A. Carnero, Timothy D. Allerton, Joachim Tillner, Christopher P. Bock, Pierre-Philippe Luyet, Britta Gobel, Kevin D. Hall, Stephanie A. Parsons, Eric Ravussin, Steven R. Smith
Summary: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 would result in less metabolic adaptation and increased lipid oxidation. The results showed that SAR425899 led to a smaller reduction in body composition-adjusted sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and increased fat oxidation, which are beneficial for weight loss and weight-loss maintenance.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Min Jeong Park, Kyung Mook Choi
Summary: Despite efforts to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, there is still residual risk even in patients reaching treatment targets. Recent research has focused on the variability of metabolic variables as a way to reduce this residual risk. This literature review explores the relationship between metabolic factor variability and CVD risk, and discusses potential mechanisms and treatment perspectives for reducing cardiometabolic risk factor variability.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephane Jouneau, Chloe Rousseau, Mathieu Lederlin, Alain Lescoat, Mallorie Kerjouan, Pierre Chauvin, David Luque-Paz, Stephanie Guillot, Emmanuel Oger, Laurent Vernhet, Ronan Thibault
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and hospitalization, survival, and acute exacerbation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The study found that malnutrition at diagnosis was associated with all-cause hospitalization and mortality, while decreased food intake was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and mortality.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
David J. Baer, Michelle Dalton, John Blundell, Graham Finlayson, Frank B. Hu
Summary: Over the years, research on nut consumption has shown that nuts can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Despite their high fat content, nuts do not cause weight gain. This review discusses factors such as food composition, digestive impact, and appetite regulation related to energy intake from nuts.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Catia Martins, Jessica A. Roekenes, Jens F. Rehfeld, Gary R. Hunter, Barbara A. Gower
Summary: This study found that a larger metabolic adaptation during weight loss is accompanied by a greater drive to eat. This might help explain the interindividual differences in weight loss outcomes to dietary interventions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kevin M. Moran, Lina Fernanda Gonzalez-Martinez, Yvon Delville
Summary: Exposure to social stress during puberty in hamsters leads to increased body weight and food consumption. While stressed hamsters gain more weight and accumulate more body fat compared to controls, the effects are long-lasting, with stressed hamsters consistently weighing 10% more than non-stressed counterparts for over two months post-stress period. However, appetite levels are not significantly affected by stress, as shown through food retrieval behavior in conditioning training.
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saoirse Elizabeth O'Sullivan, Andrew S. Yates, Richard K. Porter
Summary: The CB1 receptor regulates appetite and body weight, with peripheral activation impacting energy balance by promoting appetite, energy storage, and energy preservation. Peripheral restricted CB1 drugs are being developed for therapeutic use in various conditions beyond weight management.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alessio Molfino, Marian A. E. de van der Schueren, Karla Sanchez-Lara, Pilar Milke, Maria Ida Amabile, Giovanni Imbimbo, Luca Di Lazzaro, Silvio Cavuto, Giovanni Ronzani, Anton Snegovoy, Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Alessandro Laviano
Summary: In cancer patients at their first diagnosis, anorexia is a common symptom with various appetite tools correlating with food intake percentage. Self-assessment of appetite and FAACT score are associated with body weight loss (BWL), which in turn is related to complications during anticancer therapy.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew R. McEwan, Connor Davidson, Elizabeth Hay, Yvonne Turnbull, Johanna Celene Erickson, Pietro Marini, Dana Wilson, Andrew M. McIntosh, Mark J. Adams, Chris Murgatroyd, Perry Barrett, Mirela Delibegovic, Toni-Kim Clarke, Alasdair MacKenzie
Summary: This study identified a significant interaction between allelic variation of the human GAL5.1 gene, alcohol intake, and anxiety in men, using human association analysis. Disruption of GAL5.1 in mice resulted in reduced ethanol intake and anxiety-like behavior in male animals. The EGR1 transcription factor was found to be important in the activity of the GG genotype of GAL5.1 in amygdala and hypothalamus.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Kerensa J. Hawkey, Carlos Lopez-Viso, John M. Brameld, Tim Parr, Andrew M. Salter
Summary: Sustainable production of healthy food is a major challenge in the face of climate change, with insect farming being highlighted as a potential solution, but facing challenges in development.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES, VOL 9, 2021
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Francis J. P. Ebling, John Fletcher, David G. Hazlerigg, Andrew S. I. Loudon
Summary: Gerald Anthony Lincoln, a distinguished scientist and naturalist, made significant contributions in the field of biological timing, particularly in understanding seasonality, photoperiodism, and circannual rhythmicity. Through his research, we have gained a deeper understanding of the roles of neuroendocrine mechanisms in seasonal rhythmicity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Waad Z. Alharazi, Anthony McGowen, Peter Rose, Preeti H. Jethwa
Summary: The study found that yam and its extracts are beneficial for improving blood glucose levels, reducing insulin levels, and body weight through certain mechanisms, but further human trials are needed for validation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alison Smith, Amanda Avery, Rebecca Ford, Qian Yang, Aurelie Goux, Indraneil Mukherjee, David C. A. Neville, Preeti Jethwa
Summary: Food manufacturers are facing increasing pressure to limit free sugars in products, leading to research on alternative sweeteners. Rare sugars, a novel area of study, show potential benefits for glycemic control, body composition, and cardiovascular health. However, gaps in knowledge exist regarding the mechanisms of rare sugars and their effectiveness in reformulated products.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Kathryn H. Alliband, Sofia V. Kozhevnikova, Tim Parr, Preeti H. Jethwa, John M. Brameld
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency is linked to muscle weakness, with evidence suggesting that vitamin D plays a direct role in muscle through identification of the vitamin D receptor within muscle cells. Research shows that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits proliferation of myoblasts, but its effects on differentiation stages vary, while consistently increasing myotube size. Future studies should explore the time courses for a clearer understanding of these effects.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter Aldiss, Jo E. Lewis, Irene Lupini, Ian Bloor, Ramyar Chavoshinejad, David J. Boocock, Amanda K. Miles, Francis J. P. Ebling, Helen Budge, Michael E. Symonds
Summary: This study demonstrates that chronic suppression of adaptive thermogenesis leads to weight gain and increased fat mass in rodents. Living in a cool environment (20 degrees C) and treatment with a β3-adrenoreceptor agonist (YM-178) had minimal effects on metabolic health in obese rats raised at thermoneutrality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Madelaine C. Brearley-Sholto, David M. Loczenski-Brown, Sarah Jones, Zoe C. T. R. Daniel, Francis J. P. Ebling, Tim Parr, John M. Brameld
Summary: Overexpression of ISR-related genes, such as Arginase-2 and Activating transcription factor-5, in mouse skeletal muscle can lead to decreased muscle hypertrophy effects and upregulation of ISR-related gene expression. ATF5 may act as a transcriptional regulator of Idh2. Persistent overexpression of ATF5 may maintain ISR activation, leading to reduced protein synthesis and/or increased protein degradation, ultimately inhibiting muscle growth.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tom Dale, Michael R. Bedford, Gregory A. Tucker, John M. Brameld, Tim Parr
Summary: This study found that fibrolytic enzymes have some specificity for certain cereals in terms of the degradation products and generation of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and monosaccharides. Optimizing enzyme combinations based on cereal types may help maximize feed efficiency in livestock.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tom Dale, Michael R. Bedford, Julie King, Gregory A. Tucker, John M. Brameld, Tim Parr
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of different enzyme-wheat variety combinations and found that fibrolytic enzymes have different effects on various wheat varieties. These findings suggest the possibility of optimizing the combination of wheat variety and enzyme in animal feeds to improve feed efficiency in livestock.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zoe J. Huggett, Alison Smith, Nicola De Vivo, Dhanny Gomez, Preeti Jethwa, John M. M. Brameld, Andrew Bennett, Andrew M. M. Salter
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, but the role of different macronutrients remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of fatty acids, glucose, and fructose on lipid accumulation in human hepatocytes and different cell lines. Results showed that all cell types accumulated lipid in response to fatty acids, while only primary human hepatocytes increased lipid accumulation in response to fructose. There was considerable inter-individual variability in lipid accumulation in primary human hepatocytes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patrick M. Nolan, Gareth Banks, Nora Bourbia, Ashleigh G. Wilcox, Liz Bentley, Lee Moir, Lee Kent, Rosie Hillier, Dana Wilson, Perry Barrett, Rebecca Dumbell
Summary: A mutation in the ZFHX3 gene has been associated with changes in body weight, fat mass, and hormone levels in mice, likely due to altered expression of key neuropeptides in the hypothalamus. This study provides insights into the role of ZFHX3 in energy balance regulation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Molly Muleya, Dongfang Li, Gabriella Chiutsi-Phiri, Lester Botoman, John M. Brameld, Andrew M. Salter
Summary: There is an urgent need to address protein deficiencies in low-income countries with cereal-based diets. This study used the INFOGEST static digestion method and a new analytical workflow to evaluate the protein quality and amino acid digestibility of seven maize varieties grown in Malawi. The results showed that higher fiber content reduced amino acid digestibility, and lysine was the limiting amino acid. Protein quality was also influenced by processing level and agronomic practices. In vitro data were closer to in vivo data compared to amino acid digestibility data. The INFOGEST method coupled with the new workflow can be helpful in screening high protein cereal crops and developing cereal-based foods with higher protein quality.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Madelaine C. Brearley, David M. Loczenski-Brown, Paul T. Loughna, Tim Parr, John M. Brameld
Summary: The study utilized a fluorescence-based reporter system to investigate the effects of various anabolic and catabolic agents on porcine MYH4-promoter activity in vitro, finding that dbcAMP, Des(1-3) IGF-I, and T3 increased its activity, but not all cases resulted in muscle cell hypertrophy.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS REPORTS
(2021)