期刊
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
卷 108, 期 2, 页码 319-330出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05770.x
关键词
amyloid beta peptide; green fluorescent protein; amyloid precursor protein; phorbol-12; -14-di-butyrate; protein phosphorylation; trans Golgi network; vesicle incorporation
资金
- EU VI Framework Program (cNEUPRO and APOPIS)
- FCT [REEQ/1025/BIO/2005, POCTI/CBO/34349/1999, POCTI/NSE/40682/2001, POCI/BIA-BCM/58469/2004, POCI/SAU-OBS/57394/2004]
- CBC, Universidade de Aveiro
- USPHS [P01 AG10491, P50 AG 005138, PO1 AG09464]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING [P01AG009464, P50AG005138, P01AG010491] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP) sorting and processing are modulated through signal transduction mechanisms regulated by protein phosphorylation. Notably, protein kinase C (PKC) appears to be an important component in signaling pathways that control APP metabolism. PKCs exist in at least 11 conventional and unconventional isoforms, and PKC alpha and PKC epsilon isoforms have been specifically implicated in controlling the generation of soluble APP and amyloid-beta (A beta) fragments of APP, although identification of the PKC substrate phospho-state-sensitive effector proteins remains challenging. In the current study, we present evidence that chronic application of phorbol esters to cultured cells in serum-free medium is associated with several phenomena, namely: (i) PKC alpha down-regulation; (ii) PKC epsilon up-regulation; (iii) accumulation of APP and/or APP carboxyl-terminal fragments in the trans Golgi network; (iv) disappearance of fluorescence from cytoplasmic vesicles bearing a green fluorescent protein tagged form of APP; (v) insensitivity of soluble APP release following acute additional phorbol application; and (vi) elevated cellular APP mRNA levels and holoprotein, and secreted A beta. These data indicate that, unlike acute phorbol ester application, which is accompanied by lowered A beta generation, chronic phorbol ester treatment causes differential regulation of PKC isozymes and increased A beta generation. These data have implications for the design of amyloid-lowering strategies based on modulating PKC activity.
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