Article
Neurosciences
Fu-Sheng Tang, He-Lan Yuan, Jun-Bin Liu, Gong Zhang, Si-Yun Chen, Jiang-Bin Ke
Summary: This study reveals the distinct functions of EAAT2 and EAAT5 in signal transmission at RB ribbon synapses. EAAT2 is expressed in all BC types and coexists with EAAT5 in RB cells and several types of cone BCs. Optogenetic, electrophysiological, and pharmacological analyses show that EAAT2 and EAAT5 regulate neurotransmission in significantly different ways, with EAAT5 dramatically affecting peak amplitude and kinetics of postsynaptic responses.
Article
Neurosciences
Christopher M. Whitaker, Gina Nobles, Munenori Ishibashi, Stephen C. Massey
Summary: Rod and cone pathways are initially segregated in the retina, but there is evidence of some crossover connections between the two pathways. Physiological recordings suggest that rod bipolar cells can receive input from cones, and ON cone bipolar cells may also receive input from rods. Imaging studies show that some rod bipolar cells have cone contacts, while tertiary rod pathways operate via direct contacts between rods and OFF cone bipolar cells. However, no evidence was found for rod contacts with ON cone bipolar cells in the rabbit retina.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brent K. Young, Charu Ramakrishnan, Tushar Ganjawala, Ping Wang, Karl Deisseroth, Ning Tian
Summary: Neurons in the CNS have distinct characteristics based on neurotransmitter types, synaptic connections, morphology, and genetic profiles. A previously unidentified interneuron in the mammalian retina exhibits similarities with bipolar cells and amacrine cells, suggesting a potentially unique role in vision processing. This discovery highlights the complexity and diversity of neuronal populations in the CNS.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jongsu Choi, Jin Li, Salma Ferdous, Qingnan Liang, Jeffrey R. Moffitt, Rui Chen
Summary: This study generated a spatial atlas of the mouse retina using MERFISH technique, revealing the spatial arrangement of almost all cell subtypes in the retina and the connection between molecular classification and spatial arrangement. It also identified previously unknown cell subtypes and discovered spatially dependent differential gene expression between subtypes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Huangfei Yu, Tianyin Qu, Jinlan Yang, Qing Dai
Summary: In this study, it is reported that serotonin transporter (SERT) transports serotonin into colorectal cancer cells, enhancing Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression and promoting colon cancer cell growth. The transglutaminase 2 (TG2) mediates RhoA serotonylation and activates RhoA-ROCK1/2 signaling to upregulate YAP expression. Blocking SERT with citalopram reverses serotonin-induced YAP expression and cell proliferation. In addition, SERT expression is correlated with YAP in human colorectal cancer samples and the levels of serotonin are significant in patients with colorectal cancer. Therefore, targeting the serotonin-SERT-YAP axis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Silke Haverkamp, Matthias Mietsch, Kevin L. Briggman
Summary: This study provides a first-time description of the structural characteristics and morphological differences of the common marmoset retina. The finding of misplaced ganglion cells and misplaced bipolar cell axon terminals has important implications for future research on the physiological and functional impact.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Pablo Beltran-Matas, Espen Hartveit, Margaret L. Veruki
Summary: The NMDA receptors expressed by AII and A17 amacrine cells in the mammalian retina are extrasynaptic and molecularly distinct, being activated by different sources of glutamate and endogenous co-agonists. The differential and independent activation of these receptors likely play specific roles in signal processing and plasticity of the rod pathway microcircuit.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Silke Haverkamp, Laszlo Albert, Vaishnavi Balaji, Pavel Nemec, Karin Dedek
Summary: In this study, various transcription factors were tested in two avian species, revealing their crucial role in the ganglion cells of birds. The markers established may serve as valuable tools for further detailed studies on the retinal circuitry of these highly visual animals.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philipp Bartel, Takeshi Yoshimatsu, Filip K. Janiak, Tom Baden
Summary: The study reveals that retinal bipolar cells are mainly influenced by red cone inputs when integrating cone cell signals, while UV cone inputs are not correlated with those of other cones. The results show several notable integration rules in the inner retina.
Article
Cell Biology
Xuhong Zhang, Xiaoyu Wang, Senjie Wang, Wei Peng, Rahim Ullah, Junfen Fu, Yudong Zhou, Ye Shen
Summary: The development of POMC neurons was studied in detail from embryonic to adult stages, dividing into three main stages with unique characteristics. Asymmetric distribution of soma number between superior and inferior retinas and the stability of POMC neuron development in the open-eye stage were observed.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
German Michelis, Olga Lorena German, Rafael Villasmil, Tamara Soto, Nora P. Rotstein, Luis Politi, S. Patricia Becerra
Summary: The study demonstrates the neurotrophic effects of PEDF on cultured retinal neurons, showing its ability to protect photoreceptor cells from apoptosis, promote cell development, and induce neurite outgrowth in amacrine neurons. These effects are specifically mediated by short peptide fragments derived from the neurotrophic domain of PEDF, suggesting their potential as neuronal guardians for the retina.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xavier Sanchez-Saez, Isabel Ortuno-Lizaran, Carla Sanchez-Castillo, Pedro Lax, Nicolas Cuenca
Summary: This study aimed to determine if starburst amacrine cells, involved in motion direction selectivity, are degenerated in Parkinson's disease (PD) and if the dopaminergic system is related to this degeneration. The results showed a reduction in starburst amacrine cell density and a decrease in dopaminergic synaptic contacts in PD retinas. In conclusion, the degeneration of starburst amacrine cells in PD is related to dopaminergic degeneration, and dopaminergic amacrine cells play a role in modulating the function of starburst amacrine cells. Assessment of motion perception circuitries using visual tests could be a valuable tool for PD diagnosis.
TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Biology
Masahito Yamagata, Wenjun Yan, Joshua R. Sanes
Summary: This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to create a cell atlas of the chick retina, identifying 136 cell types and 14 positional or developmental intermediates among six classes of cells. The results provide a foundation for various studies of the avian visual system.
Article
Neurosciences
Sih-Rong Wu, Huda Y. Zoghbi
Summary: Studies have revealed that the expression of Atoh1 is not necessary for mouse retinal development, contrary to previous beliefs. By tracking Atoh1-lineage neurons in Atoh1Cre/+ mice, it was found that there is no evidence of Atoh1 expression in the retina, suggesting that Atoh1 does not play a role in mouse retinal development.
Article
Neurosciences
Yunzepeng Li, Yumeng Shen, Danrui Cai, Yin Shen
Summary: Inhibiting Sox2 in postnatal mouse development results in increased bipolar cell numbers, decreased amacrine cell numbers, and reduced visual function. A distinctive type of retinal cells expressing characteristic proteins of both bipolar and amacrine cells at P6 indicates a potential intermediate state in cell transformation. Transcription factors associated with bipolar and amacrine cell development support these changes, suggesting a new direction for the study and treatment of retinal genetic diseases and dysplasia.
Article
Developmental Biology
Isabella Palazzo, Kyle Deistler, Thanh Hoang, Seth Blackshaw, Andy J. Fischer
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thanh Hoang, Jie Wang, Patrick Boyd, Fang Wang, Clayton Santiago, Lizhi Jiang, Sooyeon Yoo, Manuela Lahne, Levi J. Todd, Meng Jia, Cristian Saez, Casey Keuthan, Isabella Palazzo, Natalie Squires, Warren A. Campbell, Fatemeh Rajaii, Trisha Parayil, Vickie Trinh, Dong Won Kim, Guohua Wang, Leah J. Campbell, John Ash, Andy J. Fischer, David R. Hyde, Jiang Qian, Seth Blackshaw
Article
Neurosciences
Kristina G. Witcher, Chelsea E. Bray, Titikorn Chunchai, Fangli Zhao, Shane M. O'Neil, Alan J. Gordillo, Warren A. Campbell, Daniel B. McKim, Xiaoyu Liu, Julia E. Dziabis, Ning Quan, Daniel S. Eiferman, Andy J. Fischer, Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran, Candice Askwith, Jonathan P. Godbout
Summary: Traumatic brain injury can lead to significant neuropsychiatric problems and neurodegenerative pathologies that last for years. This study showed that microglia play a crucial role in acute and chronic stages of TBI, influencing inflammation and neuropathology development, which in turn affect neuronal homeostasis and behavioral outcomes.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Warren A. Campbell, Amanda Fritsch-Kelleher, Isabella Palazzo, Thanh Hoang, Seth Blackshaw, Andy J. Fischer
Summary: Studies show that MDK expression in the retina is regulated by Muller glia, leading to effects on neuronal survival and the formation of MGPCs. MDK plays a crucial role in mediating glial activity and promoting the reprogramming of Muller glia into proliferating MGPCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Warren A. Campbell, Sydney Blum, Alana Reske, Thanh Hoang, Seth Blackshaw, Andy J. Fischer
Summary: The study investigated the role of endocannabinoids in the transition of Muller glia cells and the formation of retinal cells, finding that endocannabinoids influence the reactivity of MG and the formation of MGPCs but do not affect immune cells in the retina.
Article
Developmental Biology
Warren A. Campbell, Allen Tangeman, Heithem M. El-Hodiri, Evan C. Hawthorn, Maddie Hathoot, Sydney Blum, Thanh Hoang, Seth Blackshaw, Andy J. Fischer
Summary: A recent study on chick retinas found that fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are highly expressed and play a role in regulating the function of glial cells and microglia. Inhibition of FABPs leads to transitions of glial cells to reactive states and suppresses the formation of progenitor cells, while inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) increases microglia proliferation and suppresses progenitor cell formation.
Article
Neurosciences
Heithem M. El-Hodiri, Warren A. Campbell, Lisa E. Kelly, Evan C. Hawthorn, Maura Schwartz, Archana Jalligampala, Maureen A. McCall, Kathrin Meyer, Andy J. Fischer
Summary: The regenerative potential of Muller glia varies across species, with fish showing extraordinary potential and mammals showing limited potential. NFIs are identified as cell-intrinsic factors that suppress the neurogenic potential of MGPCs in the chick retina, and their expression patterns in developing and mature retinas have been characterized.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Isabella Palazzo, Levi J. Todd, Thanh V. Hoang, Thomas A. Reh, Seth Blackshaw, Andy J. Fischer
Summary: Muller glia (MG) in mammalian retinas are incapable of regenerating neurons after damage, whereas the MG in lower vertebrates regenerate functional neurons. Identification of cell signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks that regulate MG-mediated regeneration is key to harnessing the regenerative potential of MG. In this study, NFkB signaling was found to play a crucial role in regulating immune cell accumulation and suppressing the neurogenic potential of MG after damage. Inhibition of NFkB enhanced the reprogramming of MG into neuron-like cells. Additionally, TGF beta 2 signaling and suppression of NFI and Id transcription factors were coordinated with NFkB signaling to regulate MG-mediated regeneration.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Faith H. Brennan, Yang Li, Cankun Wang, Anjun Ma, Qi Guo, Yi Li, Nicole Pukos, Warren A. Campbell, Kristina G. Witcher, Zhen Guan, Kristina A. Kigerl, Jodie C. E. Hall, Jonathan P. Godbout, Andy J. Fischer, Dana M. McTigue, Zhigang He, Qin Ma, Phillip G. Popovich
Summary: This study demonstrates that microglia are necessary for optimal repair after murine spinal cord injury (SCI) using microglia-specific depletion techniques and single cell transcriptomics.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Isabella Palazzo, Lisa Kelly, Lindsay Koenig, Andy J. Fischer
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated different cytokines, growth factors, cell signaling pathways, and damage paradigms that influence NFkB-signaling in the mouse retina. They found that exogenous TNF and IL1 beta can activate NFkB-signaling in Muller glia in undamaged retinas. They also discovered that TLR1/2 agonist indirectly activates NFkB-signaling in Muller glia, but this activation depends on the presence of microglia.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Warren A. Campbell, Heithem M. El-Hodiri, Diego Torres, Evan C. Hawthorn, Lisa E. Kelly, Leo Volkov, David Akanonu, Andy J. Fischer
Summary: Chromatin access and epigenetic gene silencing play important roles in regulating gene expression during developmental processes. This study investigates the expression and functions of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and histone methyltransferases (HMTs) in the formation of Muller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) in chick and mouse retinas. In chick, inhibition of SAHH blocks the formation of MGPCs by reducing H3K27me3 levels, while in the mouse retina, SAHH inhibition has no effect on neuron-like cell differentiation. These findings suggest that SAHH and HMTs are required for the reprogramming of MG into MGPCs in chick retinas.
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Isabella Palazzo, Levi Todd, Thanh V. Hoang, Thomas Reh, Seth Blackshaw, Andy J. Fischer
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Olivia Taylor, Andy J. Fischer
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Heithem M. El-Hodiri, Warren Campbell, Diego Torres, Evan C. Hawthorn, Lisa E. Kelly, Leo Volkov, Andy J. Fischer
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Thanh Hoang, Jie Wang, Patrick Boyd, Fang Wang, Clayton Santiago, John D. Ash, Andy J. Fischer, David R. Hyde, Jiang Qian, Seth Blackshaw
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pei-Yang Gao, Ya-Nan Ou, Yi-Ming Huang, Zhi-Bo Wang, Yan Fu, Ya-Hui Ma, Qiong-Yao Li, Li-Yun Ma, Rui-Ping Cui, Yin-Chu Mi, Lan Tan, Jin-Tai Yu
Summary: Liver function may play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The study found that as AD progressed, certain liver function markers increased while others decreased. The relationship between liver function and CSF AD biomarkers indicates a potential mediation effect on cognition.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2024)