Review
Microbiology
Marcio Vargas-Ramella, Mirian Pateiro, Aristide Maggiolino, Michele Faccia, Daniel Franco, Pasquale De Palo, Jose M. Lorenzo
Summary: Probiotics have been widely used in the food industry in the past two decades, with a growing focus on their health benefits for consumers. Strategies need to be developed to increase the consumption of functional foods to meet criteria for probiotic usefulness and the demands of the consumer market.
Article
Pediatrics
Pernilla Lif Holgerson, Anders Esberg, Christina E. West, Ingegerd Johansson
Summary: This study characterized the microbiota of breast milk, saliva, and fecal samples in preschool children. The results showed distinct microbiota profiles in these sources, with increasing resemblance between breast milk and the oral microbiota by increasing age. The study also found associations between the microbiota composition and diseases such as caries, otitis media, and allergic disease.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anoud Duale, Parul Singh, Souhaila Al Khodor
Summary: Breast milk contains various microorganisms that play a crucial role in the development of infant's immune system and gut microbiota, reducing the risk of chronic diseases in later life.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yufang Liu, Junna Cai, Fuxin Zhang
Summary: The study found that different types of milk have different effects on the intestinal microbiota of mice. Significant differences in nutrient components between breast milk, cow milk, and goat milk can alter the composition and functional features of the intestinal microbiota. The protein, minerals, and amino acid content of milk are correlated with specific bacterial groups in the intestinal microbiota.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Valentina De Cosmi, Alessandra Mazzocchi, Carlo Agostoni, Francesco Visioli
Summary: This article systematically reviews the importance of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) in infant nutrition and discusses the potential benefits of adding them to infant formula. The authors screened 10 studies from major electronic databases and concluded that FOSs in human milk are crucial for infant gut development, and their addition to infant formula is safe and might provide immune benefits to newborns. However, they also emphasize the lack of human data and the need to avoid immediate commercialization of supplements marketed to adults.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dae Yong Yi, Su Yeong Kim
Summary: Human breast milk provides essential nutrients for early human growth and development, as well as immunologic components that support infant immunity. Its unique microbiome contributes to infant gut colonization, while extracellular vesicles and microRNA play important roles in infant development. Overall, the various components in human breast milk have significant health effects and potential applications in human health.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gaelle Boudry, Elise Charton, Isabell Le Huerou-Luron, Stephanie Ferret-Bernard, Sophie Le Gall, Sergine Even, Sophie Blat
Summary: The assembly of gut microbiota in newborns during the first months of life is a coordinated process influenced by early bacterial colonization, environmental factors, and maternal diet. Breastfeeding plays a crucial role in shaping a healthy microbiota in infants, with human milk composition impacting the establishment of gut microbiota. Understanding these mechanisms can provide opportunities for programming health through microbiota modulation in early life.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tian Zhou, Liwen Xiao, Zhenqiang Zuo, Fangqing Zhao
Summary: Extensive evidence has shown that the human microbiome and probiotics have significant impacts on human health, especially during critical developmental stages such as pregnancy and infancy. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive microbiome databases focused on maternal and infant health. To address this gap, researchers have developed a database called MAMI, which archives data on the maternal and neonatal microbiome, as well as resources on edible probiotic strains. This resource provides valuable insights into microbial community dynamics and has the potential for improving both scientific research and clinical practice.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Quesia S. Damaceno, Bruno Gallotti, Isabela M. M. Reis, Yasmim C. P. Totte, Gabriella B. Assis, Henrique C. Figueiredo, Tales F. Silva, Vasco Azevedo, Jacques R. Nicoli, Flaviano S. Martins
Summary: Breast milk contains beneficial bacteria that can positively influence the health of newborns. The study identified 77 bacteria belonging to four genera, including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, and Lacticaseibacillus. Two potential probiotics, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, were selected and found to colonize the gastrointestinal tract in germ-free mice and maintain viability after spray-drying.
PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ivana Hyrslova, Vladimir Drab, Jaromir Cihlar, Gabriela Krausova, Iva Mrvikova, Antonin Kana, Jiri Stetina, Sarka Musilova
Summary: This study isolated and characterized nine potential probiotic strains from infant feces and breast milk. The strains Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus S1F and S6C, as well as Lactobacillus gasseri M8C, showed good tolerance to bile salts and adhesion properties, indicating their potential for application in the food industry.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Meltem Dinleyici, Jana Barbieur, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Yvan Vandenplas
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important components in human milk, varying greatly between mothers. HMOs improve gut health, protect against infection, and promote cognitive development. Supplementing formula with HMOs is safe and beneficial for microbiota composition and infection prevention, but the clinical benefits compared to non-human oligosaccharides are not known. More research is needed to understand the factors influencing HMO composition and their functions.
Article
Microbiology
Margherita D'Alessandro, Carola Parolin, Silvia Patrignani, Gilda Sottile, Patrizio Antonazzo, Beatrice Vitali, Rosalba Lanciotti, Francesca Patrignani
Summary: This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of lactobacilli/bifidobacteria from human breast milk to find new probiotic candidates for food products. The breast milk strains demonstrate good adhesion to intestinal cells, antagonistic activity against food spoilage and pathogenic species, and the potential to release aroma compounds associated with sensory quality of dairy products.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
David A. Mills, J. Bruce German, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Mark A. Underwood
Summary: For more than 100 years, doctors have observed the presence of bifidobacteria in the feces of breast-fed infants, which has been linked to their health. Recent advancements in genomics and glycomics have helped explain this enrichment and allowed for the targeted use of probiotics to restore bifidobacterial functions in at-risk infants. This review highlights two decades of research that has paved the way for the use of bifidobacteria in the intestines of at-risk newborns, and proposes a model for measuring probiotic efficacy in improving infant health based on metabolic outcomes.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kaili Wang, Xiufang Xia, Lina Sun, Hui Wang, Qiu Li, Zhuo Yang, Jing Ren
Summary: The gut microbiota is important for infants' growth and development in early life. Breast milk microbiota influences the colonization and development of the infant's gut microbiota. In this study, we examined the microbial diversity and correlation between breast milk and infant gut by sequencing the microbiome in both human milk and infant stools. The results showed the presence of certain bacteria in both breast milk and infant feces, indicating their transfer from breast milk to the infant's gut.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Huibin Qin, Houbin Wu, Ke Shen, Yilin Liu, Meng Li, Haigang Wang, Zhijun Qiao, Zhixin Mu
Summary: Fermented minor grain foods have unique nutritional value and functional characteristics, which are important for developing dietary culture worldwide. This review introduces the latest progress in research related to the fermentation products of minor grains and discusses their nutritional and health implications, as well as the development of new functional foods through mixed fermentation.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Alberto Signore, Giuseppe Campagna, Jessica Marinaccio, Marco de Vitis, Chiara Lauri, Francesco Berardinelli, Anna Tofani, Marco Chianelli, Marina Borro, Giovanna Gentile, Maurizio Simmaco, Francesco Colombini, Anna Giovanetti, Antonella Sgura
Summary: This study found that there is an increase in stable chromosome aberrations after low-dose 131I administration in patients prepared with thyroid hormone withdrawal. However, no similar increase was observed in patients prepared with rhTSH. Oxidative stress and gene polymorphisms were also found to be associated with chromosome damage.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Alberto Signore, Chiara Lauri, Marzia Colandrea, Marco Di Girolamo, Erika Chiodo, Chiara Maria Grana, Giuseppe Campagna, Antonio Aceti
Summary: This study found that lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients is associated with large bowel inflammation. After recovery, lymphocyte levels tend to normalize, but activity in the caecum remains higher than normal.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Valentina Rizzo, Manuela Capozza, Raffaella Panza, Nicola Laforgia, Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre
Summary: Preterm neonates are at high risk of malnutrition, especially those with very low gestational ages. Adequate nutrition and growth in early life are crucial for the long-term health of premature infants. However, achieving optimal and recommended nutrition can be challenging due to the complex daily management of premature infants.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Flavia Chiosi, Michele Rinaldi, Giuseppe Campagna, Gianluigi Manzi, Vincenzo De Angelis, Francesco Calabro, Luca D'Andrea, Fausto Tranfa, Ciro Costagliola
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a fixed combination of Curcumin, Artemisia, Bromelain, and Black pepper on vascular parameters in patients with mild to moderate diabetic macular edema (DME). The results showed that oral administration of this combination could improve central retinal thickness, visual acuity, and deep capillary plexus vessel density in type 2 diabetic patients with mild DME.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mariaelena Filippelli, Giuseppe Campagna, Nicola Ciampa, Gaetano Fioretto, Roberta Giannini, Pier Franco Marino, Roberto Dell'Omo, Ciro Costagliola
Summary: This study evaluated the therapeutic switch from Bimatoprost formulations with or without benzalkonium chloride (BAK) to a preservative-free formulation and its impact on eye surface conditions and intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients. The results showed that Bimatoprost 0.1 mg/mL preservative-free had better tolerability and improved eye surface conditions compared to other formulations, but had slightly inferior IOP control.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giuseppe Campagna, Luz Kelly Anzola, Michela Varani, Chiara Lauri, Guido Gentiloni Silveri, Lorenzo Chiurchioni, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Roberta Priori, Fabrizio Conti, Alberto Signore
Summary: This study used Tc-99m-IL2 scintigraphy to assess the extent and severity of lympho-mononuclear cell infiltration in the salivary glands of patients with SS. The results showed a correlation between Tc-99m-IL2 uptake, disease duration, and histology. This method can help guide the treatment and evaluation of treatment efficacy in patients with SS.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maureen Leonard, Victoria Kenyon, Francesco Valitutti, Rita Pennacchio-Harrington, Pasqua Piemontese, Ruggiero Francavilla, Lorenzo Norsa, Tiziana Passaro, Marco Crocco, Mariella Baldassarre, Chiara Maria Trovato, Alessio Fasano
Summary: The CDGEMM study is an international birth cohort study focusing on children at-risk of developing celiac disease (CD) and utilizing a multi-omic approach to predict CD onset. Participants are required to have a first-degree family member with biopsy diagnosed CD and be enrolled before solid food introduction. Longitudinal collection of blood, stool samples, and questionnaires related to participant, family, and environment has been ongoing since 2014. With a total of 554 participants and an average age of 56.4 months, the study has identified microbial strains, pathways, and metabolites associated with CD development. Ongoing analysis includes expanding metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, evaluating environmental risk factors, and investigating the role of microbiome and metabolites in CD development.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniela Prosperi, Luciano Carideo, Vincenzo Marcello Russo, Rosaria Meucci, Giuseppe Campagna, Secondo Lastoria, Alberto Signore
Summary: Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) are neuroendocrine neoplasms that can be classified as typical or atypical. The combination of Ga-68-SSA PET/CT and [F-18]FDG PET/CT is essential for the correct management of these tumors, with [F-18]FDG playing a particularly important role in the clinical practice of aggressive atypical carcinoids.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Luca Bedetti, Francesca Miselli, Chiara Minotti, Giuseppe Latorre, Sabrina Loprieno, Alessandra Foglianese, Nicola Laforgia, Barbara Perrone, Matilde Ciccia, Maria Grazia Capretti, Chiara Giugno, Vittoria Rizzo, Daniele Merazzi, Silvia Fanaro, Lucia Taurino, Rita Maria Pulvirenti, Silvia Orlandini, Cinzia Auriti, Cristina Haass, Laura Ligi, Giulia Vellani, Chryssoula Tzialla, Cristina Tuoni, Daniele Santori, Mariachiara China, Lorenza Baroni, Silvia Nider, Federica Visintini, Lidia Decembrino, Giangiacomo Nicolini, Roberta Creti, Elena Pellacani, Arianna Dondi, Marcello Lanari, Belinda Benenati, Giacomo Biasucci, Lucia Gambini, Licia Lugli, Alberto Berardi
Summary: This study evaluated the rates of lumbar puncture in infants with culture-proven sepsis. The results showed that lumbar puncture was infrequently performed after antibiotic initiation, leading to a reduced ability to identify the pathogen in cerebrospinal fluid culture. Polymerase chain reaction increased the probability of positive results compared to microbiological culture.
Article
Microbiology
Alberto Berardi, Viola Trevisani, Antonella Di Caprio, Paola Caccamo, Giuseppe Latorre, Sabrina Loprieno, Alessandra Foglianese, Nicola Laforgia, Barbara Perrone, Giangiacomo Nicolini, Matilde Ciccia, Maria Grazia Capretti, Chiara Giugno, Vittoria Rizzo, Daniele Merazzi, Silvia Fanaro, Lucia Taurino, Rita Maria Pulvirenti, Silvia Orlandini, Cinzia Auriti, Cristina Haass, Laura Ligi, Giulia Vellani, Chryssoula Tzialla, Cristina Tuoni, Daniele Santori, Lorenza Baroni, Mariachiara China, Jenny Bua, Federica Visintini, Lidia Decembrino, Roberta Creti, Francesca Miselli, Luca Bedetti, Licia Lugli
Summary: The effectiveness of inadequate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP administered < 4 h prior to delivery) in preventing early-onset sepsis (EOS) is debated. Italian prospective surveillance cohort data (2003-2022) were used to study the type and duration of IAP according to the timing of symptoms onset of group B streptococcus (GBS) and E. coli culture-confirmed EOS cases. IAP-exposed neonates frequently develop symptoms of EOS after birth, up to 48 h of life and beyond.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Roberto Scendoni, Campagna Giuseppe, Galina Zolotenkova, Dmitry D. Zolotenkov, De Vivo Rosamaria, D'Aguanno Giulio, Laura Recchia, Roberto Cameriere
Summary: Scientists are interested in determining age in subadults for forensic purposes and increasingly using high-resolution instrumental techniques for age estimation, with a focus on the knee joint as a potential site for age examination. This study analyzed CT scans of Russian subjects, measuring indicators and estimating age cut-offs.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre, Massimiliano Marazzato, Marta Pensa, Maria Teresa Loverro, Michele Quercia, Francesca Lombardi, Federico Schettini, Nicola Laforgia
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single administration of the SLAB51 probiotic formula in improving oxygenation in premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome. The results showed that the SLAB51-treated group had significantly increased SaO2 levels and SaO2/FiO2 ratio, while the control group showed no changes. Additionally, the study found that SLAB51 can enhance antioxidant responses in intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, SLAB51 represents a promising approach to manage preterm infants requiring oxygen supplementation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiara Lauri, Giuseppe Campagna, Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans, Riemer H. J. A. Slart, Bram van Leer, Janesh Pillay, Marzia Colandrea, Chiara Maria Grana, Antonio Stigliano, Alberto Signore
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic activity of the thyroid and adrenal glands in COVID-19 patients using F-18-FDG PET/CT. The results showed persistent low adrenal uptake in COVID-19 patients, suggesting chronic hypofunction. However, the thyroid uptake in COVID-19 patients was comparable to normal subjects at disease onset, but some patients showed increased metabolism after recovery, potentially indicating the onset of inflammatory thyroiditis.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Maricla Marrone, Benedetta Pia De Luca, Fortunato Pititto, Ignazio Grattagliano, Nicola Laforgia, Antonella Vimercati, Alessandro Dell'Erba
Summary: Human capital is the integration of innate skills and knowledge acquired through investing in individual formation, which pays off in the long term. In the Italian legal system, a person is recognized from birth, determining the acquisition of personal rights. While a fetus does not possess these rights by law, it has the innate potential to acquire them after birth.
Article
Pediatrics
Raffaella Panza, Federica Albano, Alberto Casto, Cosimo Del Vecchio, Nicola Laforgia, Daniela Dibello
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of congenital clubfoot in Apulia, Italy from 2015 to 2018, and provides a review on genetic mutations leading to congenital clubfoot.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)