Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Neftali Ortega Alarcon, Maddy Jaramillo, Heidi M. Mansour, Bo Sun
Summary: This review summarizes the current progress of therapeutic subunit vaccines for cancer immunotherapy, including the classification of tumor antigens and the bioinformatic approaches for identifying tumor neoantigens. The targeting adjuvants based on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their delivery platforms are extensively discussed, emphasizing the importance of the interplay between multiple adjuvants and their combined delivery in cancer immunotherapy.
Article
Immunology
Anna Morena D'Alise, Linda Nocchi, Irene Garzia, Laura Secli, Luigia Infante, Fulvia Troise, Gabriella Cotugno, Simona Allocca, Giuseppina Romano, Armin Lahm, Guido Leoni, Emanuele Sasso, Elisa Scarselli, Alfredo Nicosia
Summary: Virus vectored genetic vaccines (Vvgv) are a promising approach for immune protection against infectious diseases and cancer. However, combining adjuvants with genetic vaccines has been challenging. In this study, the researchers developed a novel approach using an adenovirus vector to synchronize the activity of the genetic adjuvant with the vaccine. The results showed that this approach enhanced immune responses to viral and tumor antigens, suggesting its potential for more effective genetic vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Martin Bilbao-Arribas, Endika Varela-Martinez, Naiara Abendano, Damian de Andres, Lluis Lujan, Begona M. Jugo
Summary: This study identified numerous uncharacterized lncRNAs in sheep and revealed their association with the immune response to vaccines and adjuvants. Co-expressed genes enriched in cytokine signaling and production highlighted differences between treatment groups. Some lncRNAs were predicted to act as miRNA sponges involved in regulating the immune response.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rong Yang, Shanshan Zhou, Qibing Zhou
Summary: In vitro cancer cells treated with a new potent ICD inducer, NAP, followed by UVA irradiation, were effective tumor immunotherapy when combined with CpG adjuvant, leading to enhanced survival and activation of T cells in tumors.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Luis J. Jara, Olga Vera-Lastra, Naim Mahroum, Carlos Pineda, Yehuda Shoenfeld
Summary: Around 60% of the global population has been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, leading to a significant reduction in the impact of the pandemic and the resumption of social and economic activities. Studies have shown that the vaccines are effective and safe in various populations, including those with risk factors or immunocompromised individuals. While a minority of people may experience adverse events, including autoimmune syndromes, the exact mechanisms for their development are still being studied. Rheumatologists need to be vigilant in monitoring these autoimmune syndromes and investigating their relationship to vaccination timing.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Laurent Renia, Ganesh Tadepalli, Jagadeesh Bayry, Halmuthur Mahabalarao Sampath Kumar
Summary: Malaria, particularly caused by Plasmodium falciparum, is a global health problem with deadly consequences for humans. While progress has been made in understanding the host response to the parasite, various aspects of its biology in its mammalian host remain unclear. Therefore, there is a need to develop new drugs and vaccines to address this issue.
Article
Immunology
Bahareh Vakili, Mahboubeh Karami-Darehnaranji, Esmaeil Mirzaei, Farnaz Hosseini, Navid Nezafat
Summary: Graphene, as a new type of vaccine adjuvant, has been found to enhance antigen immunogenicity and stimulate immune responses. However, its injection may lead to oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby requiring modifications to reduce adverse effects.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Navya Bellamkonda, Upendra Pradeep Lambe, Sonali Sawant, Shyam Sundar Nandi, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This article discusses the development of COVID-19 vaccines and the mechanisms of various vaccine platforms, as well as the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the adjuvants used in vaccine formulations.
Review
Immunology
Kimia Kardani, Seyed Mehdi Sadat, Mona Kardani, Azam Bolhassani
Summary: Efforts have been made to develop effective HCV vaccines, but limited efficacy has been attributed to low immunogenicity. Novel adjuvants are explored to stimulate immune responses, with a focus on understanding innate immunity pathways. Combination of various adjuvants is a promising approach to boost HCV immune responses for an effective vaccine.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Wenping Gong, Chao Pan, Peng Cheng, Jie Wang, Guangyu Zhao, Xueqiong Wu
Summary: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in global TB mortality rate, necessitating the development of more effective TB vaccines. Peptides have been found to play important roles in immune response. This review provides an overview of tools for designing peptide-based vaccines, the current research status of such vaccines for TB, protein-based bacterial vaccine delivery systems, and animal models for peptide-based vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ting Su, Shurong Zhou, Suling Yang, Nicholas Humble, Fuwu Zhang, Guocan Yu, Paula D. Bos, Furong Cheng, Kristoffer Valerie, Guizhi Zhu
Summary: This study reports a radioimmunotherapy for adult brain cancer that combines radiotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade, and lymph-node-targeting vaccines. The vaccines induced anti-cancer immune responses in mice and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in orthotopic brain cancer mice. However, radioimmunotherapy only showed a trend towards improved efficacy compared to radiotherapy alone.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sneha Ratnapriya, Eva Perez-Greene, Luca Schifanella, Alon Herschhorn
Summary: Protection from HIV acquisition may require an effective vaccine that elicits antibodies against HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, with adjuvants playing a crucial role in enhancing immune responses. Various adjuvants have been used in combination with HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins in recent years, showing potential to improve antibody responses and guide specific antibody formation.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Steven Blake, Paul T. Bremer, Bin Zhou, Nikolai Petrovsky, Lauren C. Smith, Candy S. Hwang, Kim D. Janda
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of endogenously generated antibodies through active vaccination to reduce the effect of opioids, while exploring different adjuvants and storage conditions to improve opioid vaccine efficacy and shelf life. The results show promising advancements towards a clinically feasible opioid vaccine.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Chen Shen, Malcolm Risk, Elena Schiopu, Salim S. Hayek, Tiankai Xie, Lynn Holevinski, Cem Akin, Gary Freed, Lili Zhao
Summary: The study found that the mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccines are effective in individuals taking immunosuppressants. However, these individuals are still at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization compared to the general vaccinated population. Booster doses are effective and crucial for individuals on immunosuppressants.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Adelijiang Wusiman, Yi Zhang, Telieke Ayihengbieke, Xike Cheng, Tuerhong Kudereti, Dandan Liu, Deyun Wang, Saifuding Abula
Summary: In this study, immunopotentiator Alhagi honey polysaccharide encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (AHPP) and assembled pickering emulsion with AHPP as shell and squalene as core (PPAS) were prepared and their characteristics were investigated. The results showed that PPAS possessed good adjuvant activity and could induce strong and long-lasting cellular and humoral immune responses.
Article
Rheumatology
Francesco Natalucci, Fulvia Ceccarelli, Enrica Cipriano, Carlo Perricone, Giulio Olivieri, Carmelo Pirone, Giuseppe Mettola, Simona Truglia, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Cristiano Alessandri, Fabrizio Conti
Summary: This study found that joint involvement significantly influences disease-specific quality of life in SLE patients, with the musculoskeletal activity index DAS28 better correlating with LupusQoL domains, highlighting the need for specific musculoskeletal activity indices.
Review
Microbiology
Carlo Perricone, Paola Triggianese, Roberto Bursi, Giacomo Cafaro, Elena Bartoloni, Maria Sole Chimenti, Roberto Gerli, Roberto Perricone
Summary: IVIG, derived from plasma of donors, is used for prevention and treatment of various infections especially in immunocompromised patients, showing anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. Its evolution from passive immunity source to immunomodulatory agent has led to extensive applications in autoimmune diseases.
Letter
Rheumatology
Carlo Perricone, Elena Bartoloni, Giacomo Cafaro, Roberto Caporali, Roberto Gerli
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Andrea Latini, Lucia Novelli, Fulvia Ceccarelli, Cristiana Barbati, Carlo Perricone, Giada De Benedittis, Fabrizio Conti, Giuseppe Novelli, Cinzia Ciccacci, Paola Borgiani
Summary: In SLE patients, higher CD44v6 mRNA expression correlates with a higher level of this isoform, suggesting impaired CD44 splicing mechanism in the disease. The ratio of CD44v3/v6 mRNA is unbalanced, decreasing from healthy controls to SLE patients, and correlating with disease duration. The splicing regulator ESRP1 and CD44 polymorphism rs9666607 are potential factors influencing CD44 expression in SLE patients.
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Elena Bartoloni, Carlo Perricone, Giacomo Cafaro, Alessia Alunno, Roberto Gerli
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Paola Triggianese, Carlo Perricone, Erica De Martino, Arianna D'Antonio, Maria Sole Chimenti, Paola Conigliaro, Sara Ferrigno, Ilio Giambini, Elisabetta Greco, Caterina De Carolis
Summary: The study found a higher proportion of DQ2 alleles in infertile and RSA women compared to controls, and predisposing DQ2 alleles are independent risk factors for AIDs and 25(OH)D deficiency. Patients with AIDs are more likely to have 25(OH)D deficiency.
Review
Rheumatology
Fulvia Ceccarelli, Francesco Natalucci, Giulio Olivieri, Carlo Perricone, Carmelo Pirone, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Cristiano Alessandri, Fabrizio Conti
Summary: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related arthritis, traditionally defined as non-erosive, has been challenged by new imaging techniques showing up to 40% of patients with erosive damage. This more aggressive phenotype was considered in the 2012 classification criteria and 2019 treatment recommendations, with a focus on biomarkers associated with erosive damage in SLE patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Antonio Marchesoni, Pierluigi Macchioni, Stefania Gasparini, Carlo Perricone, Fabio Massimo Perrotta, Rosa Daniela Grembiale, Ettore Silvagni, Roberta Ramonda, Luisa Costa, Alen Zabotti, Giacomo Curradi, Giuliana Gualberti, Francesca Marando, Carlo Salvarani
Summary: This study evaluated the use of ultrasound examination to distinguish pain from enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The results showed that PsA patients had a higher percentage of entheseal changes compared to FMS patients. The ultrasound evaluation can be helpful in differentiating the cause of pain in these patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fulvia Ceccarelli, Giulio Olivieri, Carmelo Pirone, Cinzia Ciccacci, Licia Picciariello, Francesco Natalucci, Carlo Perricone, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Cristiano Alessandri, Paola Borgiani, Fabrizio Conti
Summary: This study aimed to determine the distribution of organ damage in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and evaluate the roles of clinical and genetic factors in the development of chronic damage. The results showed that musculoskeletal, neuropsychiatric, and ocular domains were most frequently involved. The presence of damage was associated with age, disease duration, neuropsychiatric manifestations, anti-phospholipid syndrome, and anti-dsDNA positivity. Therapies such as cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, and glucocorticoids were also associated with the development of damage. Genetic analysis revealed associations between specific genes (TNFSF4 and MIR1279) and renal and neuropsychiatric damage, respectively.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Mauro Fatica, Arianna D'Antonio, Lucia Novelli, Paola Triggianese, Paola Conigliaro, Elisabetta Greco, Alberto Bergamini, Carlo Perricone, Maria Sole Chimenti
Summary: This review aims to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Genetic factors, immunological pathways, and abnormalities of bone metabolism are found to be closely related to the development of axial clinical manifestations in patients. Activation of immunological pathways leads to bone metabolism abnormalities, resulting in various bone anomalies in SpA patients. Treatment of SpA is challenging, but both biological and targeted synthetic drugs show promising efficacy and safety profile.
CURRENT RHEUMATOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giada De Benedittis, Andrea Latini, Serena Colafrancesco, Roberta Priori, Carlo Perricone, Lucia Novelli, Paola Borgiani, Cinzia Ciccacci
Summary: This study found a significant decrease in mtDNA copies in the peripheral blood of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) patients, as well as expression variations in genes related to mitochondrial dynamics. These results provide further insight into the potential involvement of mitochondrial dysfunctions in SS disease.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mariangela Manfredi, Lieve Van Hoovels, Maurizio Benucci, Riccardo De Luca, Carmela Coccia, Pamela Bernardini, Edda Russo, Amedeo Amedei, Serena Guiducci, Valentina Grossi, Xavier Bossuyt, Carlo Perricone, Maria Infantino
Summary: uPAR is a membrane-bound glycoprotein, and its bioactive form, suPAR, is primarily expressed on the surface of immunologically active cells. Higher levels of suPAR have been associated with disease severity, relapse, and mortality in various inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the current literature on the potential role of suPAR as a biomarker in autoimmune rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
A. Colangelo, F. Tromby, G. Cafaro, R. Gerli, E. Bartoloni, C. Perricone
Summary: Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency is a rare monogenic vasculopathy with diverse clinical manifestations and challenging treatment.
Review
Rheumatology
Lorenza Bruno, Martina Mandarano, Guido Bellezza, Angelo Sidoni, Roberto Gerli, Elena Bartoloni, Carlo Perricone
Summary: Polyangiitis overlap syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by overlapping features of multiple vasculitis, typically eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). We present a case of a 66-year-old woman with nasal obstruction, external nose deformity, sensorineural hearing loss, eosinophilia, high titer anti-PR3 antibodies and lung involvement, who was successfully treated with cyclophosphamide. Recognition of this entity is crucial due to its distinct clinical phenotype and response to therapy in the complex scenario of ANCA-associated vasculitides.
RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Carlo Perricone, Giacomo Cafaro, Elena Fiumicelli, Roberto Bursi, Dimitrios Bogdanos, Ilenia Riccucci, Roberto Gerli, Elena Bartoloni
Summary: This study retrospectively evaluated the predictive factors of sustained remission and flare in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). The results showed that female patients and higher baseline prednisone dosage were negative predictors of complete remission at 24 months and were associated with a higher risk of flare.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)