Article
Cell Biology
Natalia N. Bezborodkina, Sergey V. Okovityi, Boris N. Kudryavtsev
Summary: The study indicated that liver cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis results in alterations in glycogen metabolism, leading to a significant increase in glycogen content in hepatocytes in both humans and rats. This increase may be attributed to a decrease in glycogenolysis due to reduced activity of G6Pase and GP.
Article
Physiology
Gautam Bandyopadhyay, Kechun Tang, Nicholas J. G. Webster, Geert van den Bogaart, Sushil K. Mahata
Summary: Catestatin (CST), a peptide derived from Chromogranin A, promotes hepatic glycogen synthesis by reducing glucose production, increasing glycogen synthesis, inhibiting glycogenolysis, and enhancing downstream insulin signaling.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziting Chen, Kassandra Sandoval, Matthew Dean
Summary: Glycogen levels in the murine uterus undergo significant changes during early pregnancy, with a decrease before implantation and a dramatic increase after decidualization. This suggests that glycogen may play a role in supporting preimplantation embryos and that decidualization is involved in regulating glycogen levels.
MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gangarao Davuluri, Nicole Welch, Jinendiran Sekar, Mahesha Gangadhariah, Khaled Alsabbagh Alchirazi, Maradumane L. Mohan, Avinash Kumar, Sashi Kant, Samjhana Thapaliya, McKenzie Stine, Megan R. McMullen, Rebecca L. McCullough, George R. Stark, Laura E. Nagy, Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad, Srinivasan Dasarathy
Summary: Despite the high clinical significance of sarcopenia in alcohol-associated cirrhosis, the mechanisms of ethanol-induced impaired protein homeostasis are poorly understood. This study identified PP2A as a key mediator in ethanol-induced dysregulation of protein balance, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches targeting the PI3K gamma-PP2A axis.
Article
Microbiology
Ruizhen Li, Wenli Liu, Xiangrui Yin, Fangfang Zheng, Zhenyu Wang, Xingchen Wu, Xiaohua Zhang, Qian Du, Yong Huang, Dewen Tong
Summary: This study found that Brucella outer membrane protein Omp25 could suppress the production of IFN-beta and its downstream IFN-stimulated genes induced by various DNA viruses or IFN-stimulatory DNA. Omp25 promoted the degradation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) via the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway, leading to the inhibition of IFN-beta induction in various mammalian monocyte/macrophages.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ian M. Henderson, Carlissa Marez, Karol Dokladny, Jane Smoake, Maria Martinez, David Johnson, George R. Uhl
Summary: The receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) is expressed by neurons and related to various phenotypes. By identifying candidate brain substrates for PTPRD and discovering the positive allosteric modulation effect of flavonols, this study provides insights into the potential therapeutic targets for reducing Alzheimer's disease.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iliana Lopez-Soldado, Joan J. J. Guinovart, Jordi Duran
Summary: This study demonstrates that increasing liver glycogen stores can reduce appetite and improve glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet. The researchers overexpressed a non-inactivatable form of glycogen synthase specifically in the liver, resulting in increased hepatic glycogen content in mice. These mice exhibited a preserved hepatic energy state, reduced food intake, lower body weight and fat mass, and improved glucose tolerance compared to control mice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Lin Zhang, Dominic Thyagarajan
Summary: Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) is a rare condition that causes progressive neurological symptoms in early childhood. This study reports two long-term survivors of RTD type 2, who showed decreased muscle AMP deaminase activity and no AMPD1 mutation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kai Tonda, Yu Iwabuchi, Tohru Shiga, Yoshiki Owaki, Arashi Fujita, Takehiro Nakahara, Ryosuke Sakurai, Atsushi Shimizu, Yoshitake Yamada, Masahiro Okada, Masahiro Jinzaki
Summary: The study aimed to assess the impact of patient characteristics on liver glucose metabolism using automated multiparametric imaging with F-18-FDG-PET. They collected patient data from 540 retrospective cases and analyzed three quantitative indices of hepatic glucose metabolism. They found correlations between patient characteristics and the indices, and concluded that multiparametric FDG-PET can be used for analyzing liver glucose metabolism in clinical practice.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ge Fang, Chuanjing Cheng, Manqian Zhang, Xiaoyao Ma, Shengnan Yang, Xiaotao Hou, Jiagang Deng, Yuanyuan Hou, Gang Bai
Summary: Kaempferol and quercetin, as dietary flavonoids, are beneficial for reducing diabetes risk. The metabolites K-3-G and Q-3-G were found to target the AKT PH domain, activating the AKT/GSK3 beta signaling pathway to improve glucose metabolism. This study highlights the potential of flavonoid glucuronide metabolites in targeting AKT for managing diabetes.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xiangbao Meng, Yuan Zhang, Zongyang Li, Jinxian Hu, Di Zhang, Weiwei Cao, Min Li, Guoxu Ma, Sicen Wang, Ping Cui, Qian Cai, Guodong Huang
Summary: This study suggests that Gypenoside LXXV (GP-75) from Gynostemma pentaphyllum may be a novel PPAR gamma agonist that has the potential to improve diabetes-associated cognitive decline. GP-75 treatment enhances brain glucose uptake, improves glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism, and suppresses neuroinflammation, leading to attenuation of cognitive deficits.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ju Hun Oh, Chan Woo Kang, Eun Kyung Wang, Jung Ho Nam, Soohyun Lee, Kyeong Hye Park, Eun Jig Lee, Arthur Cho, Cheol Ryong Ku
Summary: The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery effectively remits obesity and associated diabetes, but the mechanisms behind this remission are not yet fully understood. This study used positron emission tomography images to evaluate changes in glucose metabolism patterns after surgery and examine the correlation between glucose metabolism and its transporters in different endocrine organs. The study found that increased glucose metabolism in the small intestine and fat tissues is closely associated with improved glycemic control after surgery.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ching-Chia Wang, Huang-Jen Chen, Ding-Cheng Chan, Chen-Yuan Chiu, Shing-Hwa Liu, Kuo-Cheng Lan
Summary: The study found that acrolein exposure led to increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in mice. It also showed that acrolein treatment decreased the expression of GLUT4 in both mouse soleus muscles and C2C12 myotubes, as well as suppressed phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals. Additionally, over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Zhilei Wang, Nian Chen, Zhiyong Li, Guang Xu, Xiaoyan Zhan, Jianyuan Tang, Xiaohe Xiao, Zhaofang Bai
Summary: Inflammation is a protective response regulated by the host, with cGAS-STING pathway playing a crucial role in immune defense, viral infections, fatty liver, and cancer metastasis. The potential impact of this pathway in liver diseases has attracted widespread attention, with pharmacological agonists and antagonists offering new therapeutic possibilities. Understanding the mechanisms of cGAS-STING pathway may lead to the development of effective treatments for liver diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David L. Brautigan
Summary: Glycogen is a polymerized form of glucose used as an energy reserve in organisms. The synthesis and degradation of glycogen in animals, especially in the liver and skeletal muscle, is regulated by hormones and physiological signals that control the activities of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase. This article discusses the flash activation of phosphorylase in glycogen particles and suggests that the regulation of phosphatase in glycogen particles may involve hybrids of phosphorylase.