Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seiya Ishino, Taisuke Kamada, Gideon A. Sarpong, Julia Kitano, Reo Tsukasa, Hisa Mukohira, Fangmiao Sun, Yulong Li, Kenta Kobayashi, Honda Naoki, Naoya Oishi, Masaaki Ogawa
Summary: Animals must learn to actively overcome reward omission and adjust behavior to obtain more uncertain rewards. The neural mechanisms underlying this coping with reward omission are still unclear. In this study, a task was developed in rats to monitor active behavioral switch after no reward. It was found that some dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area exhibited increased responses to unexpected reward omission and decreased responses to unexpected reward, opposite to the well-known reward prediction error signaling dopamine neurons. The dopamine increase in the nucleus accumbens correlated with behavioral adjustment to actively overcome no reward. These findings suggest that these responses signal error to actively cope with the lack of expected reward, enabling adaptive pursuit of uncertain reward to obtain more reward.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Niklas T. Lauffer, William B. Lassiter, Jeremy D. Frank
Summary: This paper introduces the Weighted Probabilistic Simple Temporal Network with Uncertainty (WPSTNU) and compares it with the Probabilistic Simple Temporal Network with Uncertainty (PSTNU). WPSTNU maximizes the expected value of constraints by attaching a fixed value, and it solves the Expected Value Strong Controllability (EvSC) problem using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The study demonstrates that WPSTNU is a viable alternative for solving over-constrained controllability problems.
JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Siddhant Dash, Ajay S. Kalamdhad
Summary: The research proposes a novel method of entropy-weighted water quality index by integrating information entropy and water quality data, which is verified to be reliable and correct through a case study. The study found that all parameters contribute equally to the index value and the method considers both measured values and uncertainties for consistent water quality monitoring.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Ecology
Fons van der Plas, Justus Hennecke, Jonathan M. Chase, Jasper van Ruijven, Kathryn E. Barry
Summary: Widespread evidence suggests that the loss of local species richness (a-diversity) hampers biomass production and ecosystem stability. However, studies on the impact of 3-diversity (variation in species compositions among ecological communities) on ecosystem functioning have produced mixed results. To better understand the importance of 3-diversity, it is necessary to consider it in different contexts. By examining three scenarios that create gradients in 3-diversity, namely changes in abiotic heterogeneity, habitat isolation, and species pool richness, it is demonstrated that there are not universally positive relationships between 3-diversity, production, and ecosystem stability. Nevertheless, predictable relationships exist in specific contexts, which can reconcile seemingly contrasting empirical relationships.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dominika Drazyk, Marcus Missal
Summary: Expected surprise plays a major role in gaze shifting and spatial attention, and has different effects on oculomotor behavior. Anticipatory saccades may decrease with increasing expected surprise. The influence on visually-guided responses may be different depending on the presence of sensory information and competitive attentional effects.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michael Powell, Allison Koenecke, James Brian Byrd, Akihiko Nishimura, Maximilian F. Konig, Ruoxuan Xiong, Sadiqa Mahmood, Vera Mucaj, Chetan Bettegowda, Liam Rose, Suzanne Tamang, Adam Sacarny, Brian Caffo, Susan Athey, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Joshua T. Vogelstein
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of carefully evaluating pharmaceutical treatment hypotheses and the methods for analyzing observational data. Expert contributions from various fields such as epidemiology, causal analysis, and medical specialties are crucial for proper analysis. When executed correctly, these rules can guide decisions on whether to proceed with a randomized controlled trial.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
R. S. Nerem, T. Frederikse, B. D. Hamlington
Summary: Using satellite altimetry data from 1993-2020, we estimated a quadratic model to analyze the climate-driven global mean sea level change. We also accounted for errors in the quadratic coefficients and projected the model 30 years into the future to 2050, with a 90% confidence interval. Our findings suggest that the global mean sea level in 2050 will be 16.4 cm higher than in 2020, with an uncertainty range of 11.3-21.4 cm. This prediction aligns with the sea level projections of IPCC SROCC and AR6, and the hindcast extrapolation prior to 1993 matches well with tide gauge records. We believe this highlights the value of short-term observationally driven extrapolations as an additional tool for predicting future sea level change.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Cung Nawl Thawng, Geoffrey Battle Smith
Summary: In this study, the performance of four software tools for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptome of E. coli was evaluated. Among them, DESeq2 (DNAstar-D) was suggested as a suitable software tool for treatments expected to give subtle transcriptome responses due to its more conservative results.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
R. Gangrade, J. Grasmick, W. Trainor-Guitton, M. Mooney
Summary: This study presents a methodology to identify priority locations for additional geotechnical investigations in tunnel projects based on tunnel risks, site conditions, and project constraints. The methodology utilizes PluriGaussian simulation and sequential Gaussian simulation to characterize spatial variability in soil units and soil abrasivity, and develops an R index map to delineate the impact of uncertainty in tool wear rate.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christoph Waldmann, Philipp Fischer, Steffen Seitz, Manuela Koellner, Jens-Georg Fischer, Markus Bergenthal, Holger Brix, Stefan Weinreben, Robert Huber
Summary: The goal of this study is to provide a universally applicable procedure for systematically evaluating the uncertainty of measurement results from single sensors. Initially focusing on water temperature, the study aims to provide a common understanding of deriving measurement uncertainty on single sensor measurements. By using different standard CTD sensors and creating a high-quality data set, the study develops a reliable method for quantifying measurement uncertainties.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Francesco Poli, Marlene Meyer, Rogier B. Mars, Sabine Hunnius
Summary: This study reveals that curiosity-driven exploration is guided by learning progress and perceptual novelty, and participants tend to avoid extreme forms of uncertainty when exploring unknown environments.
Article
Water Resources
Andrew M. Ireson, Ines Sanchez-Rodriguez, Sujan Basnet, Haley Brauner, Talia Bobenic, Rosa Brannen, Mennatullah Elrashidy, Morgan Braaten, Seth K. Amankwah, Alan Barr
Summary: This study uses soil moisture data from five long-term field sites and tests two configurations to constrain modelled hydrological fluxes. The results show that the calibration based on hydraulic properties outperforms the texture-based calibration in reproducing changes in soil moisture storage. However, both methods perform reasonably well, especially in the summer months. The predicted hydrological fluxes, when constrained by soil moisture observations, have large uncertainties associated with equifinality. The uncertainty is larger for the hydraulic properties-based calibration, despite its better performance. Therefore, additional sources of information are recommended to reduce uncertainties.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Yanwen Xu, Anabel Renteria, Pingfeng Wang
Summary: Surrogate models have been developed as a cost-effective alternative to expensive physical models in engineering applications, such as reliability analysis and uncertainty quantification. The Gaussian process (GP) model is known for its superior performance and ability to estimate uncertainty. However, obtaining fully observed datasets for GP model establishment is often challenging in complex engineering systems. This paper introduces a new method that combines the Bayesian Gaussian process latent variable model (BGPLVM) with adaptive sampling to effectively utilize partially observed information and improve modeling efficiency. The proposed method considers missing values and information cost in the adaptive sampling process to iteratively select new training sample points and refine the model. The numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive surrogate modeling method in utilizing both fully observed and partially observed data points. This work provides an accurate and cost-effective solution for leveraging extra partially observed information in developing surrogate models.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Haizhou Yang, Seong Hyeong Hong, Yi Wang
Summary: This paper presents a novel computation-aware multi-fidelity surrogate-based optimization methodology and a new sequential and adaptive sampling strategy based on expected improvement reduction. It improves the exploration and convergence rate of the optimization process under a fixed computational budget.
STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Cathrine Axfors, Chirag J. Patel, John P. A. Ioannidis
Summary: Financial support for this study was provided by multiple organizations including the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and Uppsala University.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vincent Bauchau, Lionel Van Holle, Carine Cohen
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vincent Bauchau, Lionel Van Holle, Olivia Mahaux, Katsiaryna Holl, Keiji Sugiyama, Hubert Buyse
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2015)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Frank Huygen, Kristin Verschueren, Candida McCabe, Jens-Ulrich Stegmann, Julia Zima, Olivia Mahaux, Lionel Van Holle, Maria-Genalin Angelo
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Antoni F. Z. Wisniewski, Andrew Bate, Cedric Bousquet, Andreas Brueckner, Gianmario Candore, Kristina Juhlin, Miguel A. Macia-Martinez, Katrin Manlik, Naashika Quarcoo, Suzie Seabroke, Jim Slattery, Harry Southworth, Bharat Thakrar, Phil Tregunno, Lionel Van Holle, Michael Kayser, G. Niklas Noren
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lionel Van Holle, Vincent Bauchau
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2014)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Francois Maignen, Manfred Hauben, Eric Hung, Lionel Van Holle, Jean-Michel Dogne
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2014)
Article
Immunology
Olivia Mahaux, Vincent Bauchau, Ziad Zeinoun, Lionel Van Holle
Article
Immunology
Daniel Weibel, Caitlin Dodd, Olivia Mahaux, Francois Haguinet, Tom De Smedt, Talita Duarte-Salles, Gino Picelli, Lara Tramontan, Giorgia Danieli, Ana Correa, Chris McGee, Elisa Martin-Merino, Consuelo Huerta-Alvarez, Klara Berencsi, Hanne-Dorthe Emborg, Kaatje Bollaerts, Vincent Bauchau, Lina Titievsky, Miriam Sturkenboom
Article
Immunology
Caitlin Dodd, Maria de Ridder, Daniel Weibel, Olivia Mahaux, Francois Haguinet, Tom de Smedt, Simon de Lusignan, Chris McGee, Talita Duarte-Salles, Hanne-Dorthe Emborg, Consuelo Huerta-Alvarez, Elisa Martin-Merino, Gino Picelli, Klara Berencsi, Giorgia Danieli, Miriam Sturkenboom
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fernanda Tavares-Da-Silva, Olivia Mahaux, Lionel Van Holle, Francois Haguinet, Harry Seifert, Jens-Ulrich Stegmann
