期刊
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY
卷 270, 期 7, 页码 856-879出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10724
关键词
furcula; clavicle; theropod; homology
资金
- NSF [0608003, 0228693]
- American Museum of Natural History
- Columbia University
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [0608003] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [0228693] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The furcula is a structure formed by the midline fusion of the clavicles. This is the element which is unique to theropods and is important for understanding the link between birds and other theropods. New specimens from basal theropods suggest that the furcula appeared very early in theropod history. We review furcula development, function, and morphology, as well as the anatomical terminology applied to it. Furcular morphology is highly variable in crown-group avians but is rather conserved among nonavian theropods. Here we review, or describe for the first time, the furculae in many nonavian theropods. Furculae occur in nearly all major clades of theropods, as shown by new theropod specimens from the Early Cretaceous of China and a close inspection of previously collected specimens. informative phylogenetic characters pertaining to the furcula occur throughout Theropoda, though care should be take to consider taphonomic effects when describmig furcular morphology. J. Morphol. 270:856-879, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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