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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tatsuaki Kurata, Chayan Kumar Saha, Jessica A. Buttress, Toomas Mets, Tetiana Brodiazhenko, Kathryn J. Turnbull, Ololade F. Awoyomi, Sofia Raquel Alves Oliveira, Steffi Jimmy, Karin Ernits, Maxence Delannoy, Karina Persson, Tanel Tenson, Henrik Strahl, Vasili Hauryliuk, Gemma C. Atkinson
Summary: Toxin-antitoxin gene pairs are widespread in microorganisms and bacteriophages, acting as regulatory switches. A computational tool called FlaGs was used to analyze the conservation of genomic neighborhoods and uncover previously unknown diversity in TA operons. The poorly characterized antitoxin domain DUF4065 was found to be widely distributed and capable of neutralizing toxins with multiple different folds. Experimental validation confirmed the neutralizing activity of nine PanA-neutralized TA pairs, including a novel nucleotide cyclase toxin. Panacea-containing antitoxins were found to form complexes with their cognate toxins, indicating a direct neutralization mechanism. Directed evolution also demonstrated the evolutionary plasticity of the PanA antitoxin domain.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Marina Klemencic, Ana Haluzan Vasle, Marko Dolinar
Summary: The study revealed that MaOC1 in Microcystis aeruginosa regulates the activity of a toxin-antitoxin module by cleaving the antitoxin, leading to an impact on bacterial growth. This is the first case of a cysteine protease known to regulate the activity of a toxin-antitoxin module, as all currently known activating proteases are of the serine type.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caroline M. Focht, Scott A. Strobel
Summary: This article introduces a quantitative assay based on RelE ribosome endonuclease activity to monitor translation initiation of cis-regulatory mRNAs. The assay accurately detects changes in translation initiation and provides quantitative information about each switch's sensitivity and response range.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aoshu Zhong, Xiaofang Jiang, Alison B. Hickman, Katherine Klier, Gabriella I. C. Teodoro, Fred Dyda, Michael T. Laub, Gisela Storz
Summary: Recombination-promoting nuclease (Rpn) proteins are toxin-antitoxin systems that combat phage infection. The small Rpn C-terminal domains block the activities of the toxic RpnL proteins. Plasmid-encoded RpnP2L protects Escherichia coli against certain phages. This discovery suggests that many more intragenic-encoded proteins with regulatory roles may remain to be discovered in all organisms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shaun Wachter, Diane C. C. Cockrell, Heather E. E. Miller, Kimmo Virtaneva, Kishore Kanakabandi, Benjamin Darwitz, Robert A. A. Heinzen, Paul A. A. Beare
Summary: This study investigates the role of plasmid-encoded ORFs in Coxiella burnetii, particularly the importance of the QpH1 plasmid for its virulence. The findings suggest that C. burnetii maintains autonomously replicating plasmids due to the presence of a plasmid-based toxin-antitoxin system.
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Alexander Mager, Tommy Safran, Hanna Engelberg-Kulka
Summary: Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems are classified into six groups based on the nature of the antitoxin and their mode of regulation. In type II systems, the presence of the antitoxin shifts the localization of the toxin towards the middle of the cell, contributing to the reduction of cellular toxicity. This study is the first to clarify the intracellular localization of proteins specified for some type II TA systems, revealing a previously unknown aspect of the antagonistic effect of antitoxins on their cognate toxins.
Article
Microbiology
Juan Zhou, Xue-Jian Du, Ying Liu, Zeng-Qiang Gao, Zhi Geng, Yu-Hui Dong, Heng Zhang
Summary: ParE(SO)-CopA(SO) is a new type II toxin-antitoxin system that plays a crucial role in maintaining circular CP4So in Shewanella oneidensis. The CopA(SO) protein folds and binds to a positively charged and hydrophobic groove of ParE(SO) to neutralize its toxicity. ParE(SO) acts as a de-repressor of the TA operon transcription at a 1:1 toxin:antitoxin level.
Article
Microbiology
Wei-Lin Su, Marie-Florence Bredeche, Sara Dion, Julie Dauverd, Benedicte Condamine, Arnaud Gutierrez, Erick Denamur, Ivan Matic
Summary: Toxin-antitoxin systems play a crucial role in the survival and maintenance of bacteria, particularly when they face genotoxic stress and chemical competition. TisB, through inducing a drop in the proton motive force, has complex effects in the regulation of cytotoxicity by different antibiotics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shobhi Chaudhary, Mohit Yadav, Shalini Mathpal, Subhash Chandra, Jitendra Singh Rathore
Summary: This study explores the genomic assortment, structural and functional association of chromosomally encoded ccdAB TA homolog (ccdAB(Xn)(1)) in Xenorhabdus nematophila. The results suggest that there is no closer relationship between the antitoxin and toxin parts, and they may affect cellular metabolism.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Laura Fernandez-Garcia, Sooyeon Song, Joy Kirigo, Michael E. Battisti, Maiken E. Petersen, Maria Tomas, Thomas K. Wood
Summary: This study reveals that bacteria can defend against phage infection by forming persister cells instead of inducing cell suicide. Furthermore, the restriction/modification systems work together with the toxin/antitoxin system to clear phage DNA. These findings are crucial for the success of phage therapy.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Zhang, Xiaojie Song, Cheng Chen, Lin Liu, Yangyang Xu, Ning Zhang, Weidong Huang, Jun Zheng, Wensu Yuan, Le Tang, Zhi Lin
Summary: In this study, a new toxin-antitoxin system was identified in Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria. The structure of this system was determined, revealing its action mechanism. This research provides a structural basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms employed by human pathogens.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jingyi Zhou, Shouyi Li, Haozhou Li, Yongxin Jin, Fang Bai, Zhihui Cheng, Weihui Wu
Summary: A newly discovered TA system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to persister formation by reducing intracellular NAD(+) level, and this system is repressed by PA14_51020.
Review
Immunology
David D. Sarpong, Erin R. Murphy
Summary: The dynamic host environment poses a significant challenge for pathogenic bacteria, leading them to evolve molecular mechanisms for survival. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are implicated in regulating various pathways in pathogenic bacteria, including the bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Jinhong Xie, Qianyun Zhao, Huiqin Huang, Zaiguang Fang, Yonghua Hu
Summary: Edwardsiella piscicida, a major pathogen in aquaculture, contains a type II TA system HigBA where HigB is essential for stress response and pathogenicity in bacteria.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pauline Texier, Patricia Bordes, Jyotsna Nagpal, Ambre Julie Sala, Moise Mansour, Anne-Marie Cirinesi, Xibing Xu, David Andrew Dougan, Pierre Genevaux
Summary: Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems, including TAC modules with SecB-like chaperones, are widespread in bacterial genomes. Deletion of endogenous AAA(+) proteases bypasses the need for a dedicated chaperone, and the ClpXP1 P2 complex is identified as the main protease involved in TAC antitoxin degradation.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dinisha Cyril Pirapaharan, Kent Soe, Preety Panwar, Jonna Skov Madsen, Marianne Lerbaek Bergmann, Martin Overgaard, Dieter Bromme, Jean-Marie Delaisse
CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ragnhild Bager Skjerning, Meriem Senissar, Kristoffer S. Winther, Kenn Gerdes, Ditlev E. Brodersen
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tina Ravnsborg, Sarah Svaneklink, Lise Lotte T. Andersen, Martin R. Larsen, Dorte M. Jensen, Martin Overgaard
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yong Everett Zhang, Rene Lysdal Baerentsen, Tobias Fuhrer, Uwe Sauer, Kenn Gerdes, Ditlev Egeskov Brodersen
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anurag Kumar Sinha, Kristoffer Skovbo Winther, Mohammad Roghanian, Kenn Gerdes
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongliang Qian, Hao Yu, Peifei Li, E. Zhu, Qingqing Yao, Cui Tai, Zixin Deng, Kenn Gerdes, Xinyi He, Jianhua Gan, Hong-Yu Ou
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Melek Cemre Manav, Kathryn Jane Turnbull, Dukas Jurenas, Abel Garcia-Pino, Kenn Gerdes, Ditlev Egeskov Brodersen
Article
Microbiology
Emilie Sondberg, Anurag Kumar Sinha, Kenn Gerdes, Szabolcs Semsey
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gal Horesh, Cinzia Fino, Alexander Harms, Matthew J. Dorman, Leopold Parts, Kenn Gerdes, Eva Heinz, Nicholas R. Thomson
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Cinzia Fino, Martin Vestergaard, Hanne Ingmer, Fabien Pierrel, Kenn Gerdes, Alexander Harms
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Martin Overgaard, Dorte Glintborg, Henrik Thybo Christesen, Tina Kold Jensen, Marianne Skovsager Andersen
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Prossliner, Kenn Gerdes, Michael Askvad Sorensen, Kristoffer Skovbo Winther
Summary: Ribosome hibernation is a universal translation stress response found in bacteria and plant plastids, where hibernation factors protect ribosomes, maintaining their integrity and preventing degradation under low carbon starvation conditions.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Prossliner, Kenn Gerdes, Michael Askvad Sorensen, Kristoffer Skovbo Winther
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Correction
Microbiology
Cinzia Fino, Martin Vestergaard, Hanne Ingmer, Fabien Pierrel, Kenn Gerdes, Alexander Harms
Retraction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elsa Germain, Mohammad Roghanian, Kenn Gerdes, Etienne Maisonneuve
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ankita Chadda, Alexander G. Kozlov, Binh Nguyen, Timothy M. Lohman, Eric A. Galburt
Summary: In this study, it was found that the DNA damage response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis differs from well-studied model bacteria. The DNA repair helicase UvrD1 in Mtb is activated through a redox-dependent process and is closely associated with the homo-dimeric Ku protein. Additionally, Ku protein is shown to stimulate the helicase activity of UvrD1.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2024)