Review
Microbiology
Jennifer Venhorst, Jos M. B. M. van der Vossen, Valeria Agamennone
Summary: The pathogenic bacteria Clostridioides difficile and Clostridium perfringens pose a major threat to human and animal health. The increasing antibiotic resistance has led to the pursuit of novel strategies to combat these infections, including the use of bacteriophages. However, there are limitations to the use of bacteriophages that need to be considered and further research is necessary to optimize their potential.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jiuxing Li, Jimmy Gu, Hongfen Zhang, Rudi Liu, Wenqing Zhang, Mostafa Mohammed-Elsabagh, Jianrun Xia, Devon Morrison, Sandy Zakaria, Dingran Chang, Amjad Arrabi, Yingfu Li
Summary: A highly specific DNA aptamer for RNase H2 from Clostridium difficile was developed through SELEX, demonstrating its potential for diagnostic tests and drug development.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anna Esser, Guenter Mayer
Summary: The glmS ribozymes of C. difficile and L. monocytogenes were validated and characterized, showing unique properties such as discrimination between co-factors and activity at low temperatures, while relying on glucosamine-6-phosphate and divalent cations for cleavage reactions.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sana Pourtabatabaei, Samaneh Ghanbari, Narges Damavandi, Elham Bayat, Mozhgan Raigani, Sirous Zeinali, Fatemeh Davami
Summary: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used for manufacturing therapeutic proteins, and in this study, stable cell lines were successfully generated with targeted integration of reporter genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 platform. The study showed that higher efficiency and expression homogeneity were observed in the pseudo attP site associated with chromosome 6 compared to the pseudo attP site from chromosome 3.
JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrew A. Umansky, Louis Charles Fortier
Summary: With the antibiotic crisis and the rise in antimicrobial resistance, new therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. Phage therapy shows promise as an alternative, but there are challenges in treating pathogens like Clostridioides difficile. No strictly lytic phages have been identified for C. difficile, and its antiphage mechanisms and spore resistance complicate therapeutic interventions. However, recent advances in phage engineering and host recognition offer potential solutions for phage therapy in C. difficile.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Bilal Ahmed Abbasi, Aishwarya Dharan, Astha Mishra, Devansh Saraf, Irsad Ahamad, Prashanth Suravajhala, Jayaraman Valadi
Summary: In this study, the genomes of six strains of Clostridium difficile were annotated and characterized using in silico approaches. The functional properties of proteins involved in the pathophysiology of the disease were identified, providing valuable information for understanding the biological nature of the strains and developing pharmaceutical targets.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jianfeng Wang, Chu Yang, Chao Zhang, Xiaoyan Mao, An Lizhe
Summary: In this study, the genome of Clostridium difficile was studied using metagenomic technology, revealing its gene sequence information and potential toxicological genes. Through gene function analysis and pathogenicity analysis, the metabolism activity, catalytic activity, carbohydrate-active enzyme genes and other aspects of the bacterium were understood, and an assessment was made on its virulence genes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Srijita Basak, Debashrito Deb, Utkarsh Narsaria, Tamalika Kar, Filippo Castiglione, Indraneel Sanyal, Pratap D. Bade, Anurag P. Srivastava
Summary: Clostridium difficile infection is a major health-associated infection with high incidence and mortality rates. A chimeric vaccine candidate was designed using immunoinformatics, which showed stability and reliability in silico and molecular dynamics simulations. Docking studies demonstrated stable interactions with immune receptors, and in silico modeling indicated competent expression in E. coli system for potential immune response.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Meng Wang, Zifeng Deng, Yanmei Li, Yi Ma, Jufang Wang
Summary: A novel lytic protein Cw1-CWB2 with high binding specificity and strong lytic activity has been designed in this study for combating C. difficile.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashleigh S. Paparella, Briana L. Aboulache, Rajesh K. Harijan, Kathryn S. Potts, Peter C. Tyler, Vern L. Schramm
Summary: Clostridium difficile produces toxins TcdA and TcdB causing diarrhea by affecting host cell functions using UDP-glucose, leading to disease onset. Researchers identified potential therapeutic approach using transition state analogue iminosugars.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Harris Carmichael, Steven M. Asch, Eran Bendavid
Summary: The study found that using antibiotics in patients with aURIs increases the occurrence of adverse events such as diarrhea, candidiasis, and Clostridium difficile infection, especially affecting female patients. Despite higher NNH compared to previous methods, the new analysis still shows that prescribing antibiotics in aURIs results in significant iatrogenic harm.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Ryan M. Hanson, Amy J. Wagner
Summary: Severe, complicated Clostridium difficile colitis is rare in pediatric patients and little is known about its medical and surgical management in this population. A case report of a 15-year-old female patient with severe, complicated C difficile colitis successfully treated with diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage is presented. This approach, instead of subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy, should be considered as an alternative for pediatric patients with severe, complicated C difficile colitis.
Article
Microbiology
N. L. Haddock, L. J. Barkal, P. L. Bollyky
Summary: Bacteriophages are abundant at sites of bacterial colonization, but their ecology at sites of active infection remains unclear. In this study, we investigated bacteriophage populations in cell-free DNA collected from infection sites and found that phages reflect the relative abundance of their bacterial hosts at these sites. These findings may have implications for future investigative and diagnostic approaches utilizing phages and bacterial cell-free DNA.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yuan Tian, Liting Wu, Rui Lu, Hongduo Bao, Yan Zhou, Maoda Pang, Joseph Brown, Juan Wang, Ran Wang, Hui Zhang
Summary: This study isolated a bacteriophage, designated as HN02, from chicken feces, which exhibited a broad host range and good antimicrobial effects against Clostridium perfringens. The genome of HN02 was sequenced, and its phylogenetic relationship with other C. perfringens phages was analyzed. The study also demonstrated the potential application of HN02 in controlling C. perfringens in meat products.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Sicilia Perumalsamy, Su Chen Lim, Thomas Riley
Summary: Less is known about Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in children compared to adults, and the rising incidence of CDI in hospitalized pediatric patients, emergence of hypervirulent strains and community-associated CDI (CA-CDI) in the past decade pose a potential threat. This study in a tertiary hospital in Perth, Western Australia, characterized C. difficile isolates from pediatric patients and found various ribotypes and toxin gene profiles. The study provides a baseline for future surveillance of pediatric CDI in Australia.
Article
Microbiology
Alasdair T. M. Hubbard, Issra Bulgasim, Adam P. Roberts
Summary: A small colony variant (SCV) of an amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-resistant Escherichia coli isolate from Malawi showed auxotrophy for hemin due to a single SNP in hemA. Although this SNP resulted in a significant fitness cost to the isolate, the phenotype quickly reverted during sequential subculturing in liquid growth media. HemA may serve as a potential target for novel drug development specifically for the treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infections caused by E. coli.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Markus H. K. Johansson, Valeria Bortolaia, Supathep Tansirichaiya, Frank M. Aarestrup, Adam P. Roberts, Thomas N. Petersen
Summary: The study reveals that antimicrobial resistance in clinically relevant bacteria is a global public health threat. The MobileElementFinder tool enables rapid detection of MGEs and their genetic context, providing insights into bacterial spread and genetic variability potential.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
S. Tansirichaiya, S. J. Moyo, M. Al-Haroni, A. P. Roberts
Summary: This study developed a novel entrapment vector, pBACpAK, successfully capturing multiple insertion sequences and a translocatable unit encoding antibiotic resistance from clinical E. coli isolates. This provides valuable insights into the dynamics and potential mechanisms of MGE dissemination.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sabrina J. Moyo, Joel Manyahi, Alasdair T. M. Hubbard, Rachel L. Byrne, Nahya Salim Masoud, Said Aboud, Karim Manji, Bjorn Blomberg, Nina Langeland, Adam P. Roberts
Summary: This study reported the first New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-producing isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from Tanzania. The two isolates harbored blaNDM-1 gene, highlighting the importance of ISAba125 in the spread of blaNDM-1 in A. baumannii.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Gian Maria Rossolini, Constance Schultsz, Evelina Tacconelli, Srinivas Murthy, Norio Ohmagari, Alison Holmes, Till Bachmann, Herman Goossens, Rafael Canton, Adam P. Roberts, Birgitta Henriques-Normark, Cornelius J. Clancy, Benedikt Huttner, Patriq Fagerstedt, Shawon Lahiri, Charu Kaushic, Steven J. Hoffman, Margo Warren, Ghada Zoubiane, Sabiha Essack, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Laura Plant
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance should be recognized as a global priority, even amidst the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. The vulnerability of healthcare systems in managing multiple infectious disease threats has been highlighted during the pandemic. Utilizing the increased awareness of infectious diseases and lessons learned from COVID-19 can help minimize future infectious disease threats, including those related to antimicrobial resistance.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Rebecca E. Glover, Adam P. Roberts, Andrew C. Singer, Claas Kirchhelle
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Joel Manyahi, Sabrina J. Moyo, Upendo Kibwana, Richard N. Goodman, Ellie Allman, Alasdair T. M. Hubbard, Bjorn Blomberg, Nina Langeland, Adam P. Roberts
Summary: This study reports the detection of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli carrying resistance genes on various plasmids in Tanzania. These resistant genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics. The findings emphasize the urgent need for a robust antimicrobial resistance surveillance system in Tanzania.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Thomas Edwards, Eva Heinz, Jon van Aartsen, Alex Howard, Paul Roberts, Caroline Corless, Alice J. Fraser, Christopher T. Williams, Issra Bulgasim, Luis E. Cuevas, Christopher M. Parry, Adam P. Roberts, Emily R. Adams, Jenifer Mason, Alasdair T. M. Hubbard
Summary: This study investigates the genetic diversity and resistance mechanisms of Escherichia coli strains with phenotypic resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam but susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins. The findings reveal a wide range of sequence types and plasmids, as well as diverse resistance mechanisms associated with this phenotype.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rocio Villacorta Linaza, Chantelle Genovezos, Timothy Garner, Edwin Panford-Quainoo, Adam P. Roberts
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the vulnerabilities and importance of global pharmaceutical systems in ensuring equitable access to medicines. Despite being fundamental to successful AMS programmes, pharmaceutical systems are currently neglected and undervalued. Research and investment in optimizing pharmaceutical systems and integrating them into AMS programmes present an opportunity for the development of responsible, comparable, and international AMS innovations and interventions in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Claas Kirchhelle, Adam P. Roberts
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daire Cantillon, Adam P. Roberts
Summary: This study developed a protocol to evaluate virus detection in near source tracking (NST) sampling using Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) as a proxy. Two novel TaqMan RT-PCR assays were developed to detect PMMoV genomic 5' region and capsid associated gene. The results showed consistent and comparable detection of PMMoV in ten independent samples across two NST samplers, regardless of the presence of pepper homogenate.
Article
Microbiology
Richard N. Goodman, Supathep Tansirichaiya, Michael S. M. Brouwer, Adam P. Roberts
Summary: By analyzing the intracellular transfer of clinically relevant transposons, we can understand the dissemination and evolution of drug resistance conferring mobile genetic elements (MGEs) once a plasmid enters a cell following conjugation. This knowledge will help further our understanding of how these important genes move through bacterial populations. Utilizing the pBACpAK entrapment vector has allowed us to determine the mobility of the novel mcr-1-containing transposon Tn7511.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Upendo O. Kibwana, Joel Manyahi, Helene Heitmann Sandnes, Bjorn Blomberg, Stephen E. Mshana, Nina Langeland, Adam P. Roberts, Sabrina J. Moyo
Summary: A study in referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania found a high rate of fluoroquinolone resistance among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacterales (ESBL-PE). Resistance was observed in various species, with the presence of chromosomal mutations and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes being the likely causes.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Joseph M. Lewis, Madalitso Mphasa, Rachel Banda, Mathew A. Beale, Jane Mallewa, Catherine Anscome, Allan Zuza, Adam P. Roberts, Eva Heinz, Nicholas R. Thomson, Nicholas A. Feasey
Summary: This study investigated ESBL-producing E. coli colonizing adults in Blantyre, Malawi to assess bacterial diversity and AMR determinants. The results showed that 37% of the Malawian isolates did not cluster with isolates from other countries, indicating local transmission. Additionally, a globally distributed carbapenemase-carrying plasmid was found in a single isolate. The study concludes that as carbapenem use increases, there is a risk of rapid proliferation of carbapenem resistance in E. coli in Malawi, highlighting the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and genomic surveillance.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Supathep Tansirichaiya, Richard N. Goodman, Xinyu Guo, Issra Bulgasim, Orjan Samuelsen, Mohammed Al-Haroni, Adam P. Roberts
Summary: In this study, the researchers aimed to capture mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in clinical Enterobacteriaceae using the pBACpAK entrapment vector. They successfully captured several insertion sequence (IS) elements and novel transposons. By analyzing the transposition activity within the MGE-free recipient, they gained insights into the interaction and evolution of multidrug resistance-conferring MGEs following conjugation. This study provides a platform for studying the factors affecting intracellular transposition and MGE formation in clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)