Field Evaluation of Olyset Nets: A Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net Against Malaria Vectors Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles fluviatilis in a Hyperendemic Tribal Area of Orissa, India

A village-scale trial was conducted on the efficacy of Olyset nets: a long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) factory treated with 2% wt:wt permethrin against malaria vectors Anopheles culicifacies Giles and Anopheles fluviatilis James, in Sundargarh District, Orissa, India. The study area comprised 22 villages that were randomized into three clusters and designated as Olyset net, untreated net, and no net clusters. Baseline studies showed that both vector species were 100% susceptible to permethrin. Results of wash resistance and bioefficacy of Olyset nets showed 100% mortality in An. culicifacies up to 11 washings, whereas 100% mortality was observed in An. fluviatilis even after 20 washings. The median knock-down time for these species ranged between 4.55-6.00 and 4.45-5.45 min, respectively, during 1 yr of intervention. In the Olyset net study area, there was a significant reduction of 80.6, 94.1, and 76.7% in the entry rate of An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, and other anopheline species, respectively, with air overall reduction of 63.5% in total mosquitoes. Floor sheet collections in houses with Olyset nets indicated 39% immediate mortality in total mosquitoes. The overall feeding success rate of mosquitoes in the trial village was only 18.0% in comparison to 44.2 and 79.1% in villages with untreated nets and no nets, respectively. A significant reduction was also recorded in parity rate and human blood index of vector species in the Olyset net area. This study showed that Olyset nets are an effective personal protection tool that can be used in a community-based intervention program.