Review
Polymer Science
Aleksandra Lusina, Tomasz Nazim, Michal Ceglowski
Summary: Poly(2-oxazoline)s are synthetic polymers that are obtained through cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-oxazoline monomers. They have various advantageous properties, such as biocompatibility, stability, and high functionalization possibilities, making them widely used in biomedical applications. The development of stimuli-responsive poly(2-oxazoline)s is of great importance in personalized treatment and biomedical engineering, as they can respond to specific environmental stimuli. This review article highlights recent discoveries in this field by Polish scientists and compares them with findings reported by other renowned specialists.
Review
Polymer Science
Liuxin Yang, Faming Wang, Pengfei Ren, Tianzhu Zhang, Qianli Zhang
Summary: With the advancement of medical technology, poly(2-oxazoline)s have emerged as a promising material for biomedical applications due to their highly tunable structure and function, excellent physical and biological properties. Currently, extensive studies have been conducted on the water solubility, invisibility, and thermoresponsive properties of poly(2-oxazoline)s, with focuses on areas such as drug delivery, protein modification, gene carriers, anti-fouling interface, cell sheet engineering, and hydrogel. This paper describes the preparation and physicochemical properties of poly(2-oxazoline)s and reviews their recent applications in the biomedical field.
MACROMOLECULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Meike N. Leiske
Summary: Poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) are unique polymers with great potential for functional materials. The synthesis of POx through cationic ring-opening polymerization allows the design of tailored polymers with reactive sites at specific locations. Hydrophilic POx have shown promise as stealth polymers in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and low-fouling properties. This article summarizes different strategies for designing star-shaped POx, including cross-linking and branching, and discusses the combination of cationic ring-opening polymerization with other controlled polymerization techniques. Star-shaped POx offer a versatile platform for creating high molar mass POx with controlled properties.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sarigama Rajesh, Meike N. Leiske, Victoria Leitch, Jiali Zhai, Calum J. Drummond, Kristian Kempe, Nhiem Tran
Summary: This study found that lipidic poly(2-oxazoline) polymers can effectively stabilize cubosomes and be used to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs. Compared to commonly used polyethylene glycol stabilizers, these poly(2-oxazoline) polymers have less cytotoxic effects and significantly improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble cancer drugs.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Peter Cernoch, Alessandro Jager, Zulfiya Cernochova, Vladimir Sincari, Lindomar J. C. Albuquerque, Rafal Konefal, Ewa Pavlova, Fernando C. Giacomelli, Eliezer Jager
Summary: A novel amphiphilic block copolymer based on PMeOx and PDPA was synthesized using a two-step approach, and hydrodynamic flow focusing nanoprecipitation microfluidics was utilized to manufacture block copolymer self-assemblies of different morphologies.
Review
Polymer Science
Zivani Varanaraja, Jungyeon Kim, C. Remzi Becer
Summary: Poly(2-oxazine)s (POz) have recently gained attention as promising polymeric materials for biomedical applications due to their enhanced flexibility compared to poly(2-oxazoline)s. Despite being less researched than their counterparts, POz still hold significant importance in terms of their chemistry, polymerization, and potential applications.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Bartosz Kopka, Bartlomiej Kost, Malgorzata Basko
Summary: Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) is a reactive polymer with multiple reactive sites that can be used as a starting material for constructing complex structures. Its modification can be achieved through simple addition reactions, and it belongs to a class of biocompatible, water-soluble polymers, making it valuable for obtaining innovative materials.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Philipp S. Borchers, Michael Dirauf, Maria Strumpf, Helmar Gorls, Christine Weber, Martin D. Hager, Ulrich S. Schubert
Summary: Copolymerization of a new monomer, 2-ferrocene-ethyl-2-oxazoline, with 2-alkyl-2-oxazolines allows for the synthesis of well-defined copolymers with adjustable molar masses and end-group control. UV-VIS measurements and cyclic-voltammetry confirm the redox-active properties of the resulting polymers.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoning Shan, Sam Aspinall, Daulet B. Kaldybekov, Fhataheya Buang, Adrian C. Williams, Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
Summary: The successful synthesis of methacrylated PEOZ was confirmed, and its temperature-responsive properties were found to be dependent on the degree of methacrylation. Three soluble MAPEOZ derivatives with different degrees of methacrylation showed no significant cytotoxicity in cell toxicity studies. A slug mucosal irritation assay demonstrated that PEOZ and MAPEOZ do not cause mucosal irritation, and the mucoadhesive properties of these polymers were enhanced by the presence of methacryloyl groups and residual amines. These poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) derivatives show excellent potential as mucoadhesive materials for drug delivery via mucosal routes.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Malik Salman Haider, Taufiq Ahmad, Mengshi Yang, Chen Hu, Lukas Hahn, Philipp Stahlhut, Jurgen Groll, Robert Luxenhofer
Summary: The study presents a thermosensitive diblock copolymer with reversible sol-gel transition and ideal rheological properties, suitable for biofabrication applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
John R. Finnegan, Emily H. Pilkington, Karen Alt, Md. Arifur Rahim, Stephen J. Kent, Thomas P. Davis, Kristian Kempe
Summary: The study successfully prepared POx nanorods with different lengths using the 'living' crystallisation-driven self-assembly method in pure water, demonstrating their excellent biocompatibility and stealth behavior. The promising potential of POx nanorods as a next generation stealth drug delivery platform was highlighted by the observed results.
Article
Polymer Science
Jan Svoboda, Niccolo Lusiani, Radoslava Sivkova, Ognen Pop-Georgievski, Ondrej Sedlacek
Summary: This study compares the antifouling properties of water-soluble poly(2-oxazoline) (PAOx) and poly(2-oxazine) (PAOzi) brushes grafted to gold surfaces. The results show that all polymer-modified surfaces have better antifouling properties than bare gold surfaces and analogous PEG coatings. The study suggests that the resistance to protein fouling comes from both surface hydrophilicity and the molecular structural flexibility of the polymer brushes.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thi Mai Phuong Neumann-Tran, Clara Lopez-Iglesias, Lucila Navarro, Elisa Quaas, Katharina Achazi, Catalina Biglione, Daniel Klinger
Summary: Poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) (P(NAM))-based materials have been developed to prevent protein adhesion to surfaces due to their biocompatibility and protein-repellent properties. This study presents a novel approach for the synthesis of P(NAM) nanogels with controllable size. The nanogels exhibited pH-responsive swelling and redox-triggered degradation, and showed excellent protein-repellent properties. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the potential of these nanogels for biomedical applications.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Shu Wang, Purushottam Poudel, Felix H. H. Schacher, Leonid I. I. Kaberov
Summary: Light-responsive polymers are a promising area for smart materials. This study proposes a direct synthesis approach for light-responsive poly(2-oxazoline)s, which are sensitive to external irradiation. The newly developed monomer, 2-azobenzenyl-2-oxazoline, exhibits significant activity in both homopolymerization and copolymerization. The resulting polymers self-assemble in water and show size changes in response to UV light irradiation, indicating their potential for the development of light-responsive materials.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria J. Sanchez-Fernandez, Jens Rutjes, Rosa P. Felix Lanao, Johan C. M. E. Bender, Jan C. M. van Hest, Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh
Summary: The development of dual crosslinked hydrogels with tunable stiffness, ductility, and self-healing capacity for bone adhesive applications is successful. These hydrogels show superior mechanical and bone adhesive properties, making them suitable for use as bone adhesive glues.
MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jean R. N. Haler, Philippe Massonnet, Johann Far, Victor R. de la Rosa, Philippe Lecomte, Richard Hoogenboom, Christine Jerome, Edwin De Pauw
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2019)
Article
Polymer Science
Helen Tran, Harrison M. Bergman, Victor R. de la Rosa, Samarendra Maji, Kaia R. Parenti, Richard Hoogenboom, Luis M. Campos
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY
(2019)
Article
Polymer Science
Ondrej Sedlacek, Victor R. de la Rosa, Richard Hoogenboom
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2019)
Article
Polymer Science
Annelore Podevyn, Koen Arys, Victor R. de la Rosa, Mathias Glassner, Richard Hoogenboom
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Melissa Everaerts, Ali Tigrine, Victor R. de la Rosa, Richard Hoogenboom, Peter Adriaensens, Christian Clasen, Guy Van den Mooter
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jean R. N. Haler, Johann Far, Victor R. de la Rosa, Christopher Kune, Richard Hoogenboom, Edwin De Pauw
Summary: Researchers have developed an automatable method to fit IM data without the need for computational chemistry. By monitoring the relationship between collision cross sections and the degree of polymerization, they explored physicochemical properties of polymers and their monomer units and identified several remarkable points in the evolution of CCS with DP. These remarkable points can be extracted from raw IM data without accurate calibration, leading to predictions on fit parameters based on the nature of the monomer unit.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gadi Slor, Alis R. Olea, Silvia Pujals, Ali Tigrine, Victor R. De La Rosa, Richard Hoogenboom, Lorenzo Albertazzi, Roey J. Amir
Summary: Research suggests that the properties of enzymatically degradable polymeric micelles are influenced by the composition of their hydrophilic shell and hydrophobic core. Micelle diameter is mainly dependent on the hydrophobicity of the dendritic hydrophobic core, while the enzymatic degradation rate relies on the composition of both blocks. Additionally, drug encapsulation capacity is highly sensitive to the type of the hydrophilic shell, indicating that the shell also plays a significant role in drug encapsulation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Edward D. H. Mansfield, Sergey K. Filippov, Victor R. de la Rosa, Michael T. Cook, Isabelle Grillo, Richard Hoogenboom, Adrian C. Williams, Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
Summary: This study investigates the temperature-induced aggregation of silica nanoparticles functionalized with two isomeric temperature-responsive polymers, revealing significant differences in both the temperature of aggregation and the mechanism involved.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
N. E. Putra, A. Tigrine, S. Aksakal, V. R. de la Rosa, P. Taheri, L. E. Fratila-Apachitei, J. M. C. Mol, J. Zhou, A. A. Zadpoor
Summary: The poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) coating applied to porous iron in this study successfully increased the biodegradation rate and maintained the mechanical properties. The coated specimens showed a 2.6-fold higher biodegradation rate compared to the non-coated specimens and exhibited relatively stable degradation throughout the process.
BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mika Harbeck, Dilek D. Erbahar, Ilke Gurol, Victor R. de la Rosa, Richard Hoogenboom
Summary: In this study, poly(2-oxazoline)s are demonstrated for the first time as sensing elements for chemical sensors, showing excellent liquid sensing properties and high selectivity for specific ionic species. These results suggest that poly(2-oxazoline)s could be promising as sensing materials for selective detection of various ionic species in liquid-phase chemical sensors.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2022)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gadi Slor, Alis R. Olea, Silvia Pujals, Ali Tigrine, Victor R. De La Rosa, Richard Hoogenboom, Lorenzo Albertazzi, Roey J. Amir
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Aseel Samaro, Maarten Vergaelen, Martin Purino, Ali Tigrine, Victor R. de la Rosa, Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi, Matthieu N. Boone, Valerie Vanhoorne, Richard Hoogenboom, Chris Vervaet
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of thermoplastic poly (2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOx) as matrix excipient for sustained-release tablets and found that different PAOx grades and processing techniques influenced the release kinetics. Mixing different PAOx grades allowed for modulation of drug release, and the release profiles were similar between copolymer and polymer mixtures. In addition, PAOx showed the ability to tune the in vivo release, with in vivo blood levels correlating well with in vitro release profiles.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Simge Bahcevanci, Hollie Hathaway, Victor R. de la Rosa, Suzan Aksakal, Julian Dye, Hua Ye
TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Kristyna Kolouchova, Volodymyr Lobaz, Hynek Benes, Victor R. de la Rosa, David Babuka, Pavel Svec, Peter Cernoch, Martin Hruby, Richard Hoogenboom, Petr Stepanek, Ondrej Groborz
Summary: The study analyzed the thermoresponsive properties of four acrylamide-based polymers with LCST under physiological conditions, showing that their T-CP in physiological solutions were consistently lower than reported values typically assessed in pure water. The interactions between proteins in FBS and polymer aggregates were found to be predominantly exothermic, indicating that protein polymer complexes are formed through enthalpically driven processes. Overall, the T-CP of thermoresponsive polymers strongly depends on solvent composition and should be measured under physiological conditions for future medicinal applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Maarten Vergaelen, Bart Verbraeken, Joachim F. R. Van Guyse, Annelore Podevyn, Ali Tigrine, Victor R. de la Rosa, Bryn D. Monnery, Richard Hoogenboom
