Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Farhan Anwar, Marielle Clark, Jason Lindsey, Rachel Claus-Walker, Asad Mansoor, Evy Nguyen, Justin Billy, William Lainhart, Kareem Shehab, V. K. Viswanathan, Gayatri Vedantam
Summary: This study highlights the dominance of Toxin EIA-negative CDI specimens in a clinical setting and the high frequency of known virulent ribotypes in these specimens. Therefore, a careful reevaluation of the clinical relevance of diagnostically-discrepant specimens particularly in the context of missed CDI diagnoses and C. difficile persistence, is warranted.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Elena Novakova, Zuzana Stofkova, Vladimira Sadlonova, Lukas Hleba
Summary: This study analyzed the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of C. difficile isolates from patients with CDI in Slovakia, revealing a high prevalence of RT176 and 001.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Gui-Lin Wen, Shi-Hong Li, Zhe Qin, Ya-Jun Yang, Li-Xia Bai, Wen-Bo Ge, Xi-Wang Liu, Jian-Yong Li
Summary: This study isolated and characterized Clostridium difficile strains from clinical diseased dogs and cats, and found that the bacteria were quietly prevalent in pets with varying toxicities and genotypes. The isolates were highly susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole but resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. The study highlights the importance of studying and paying attention to CDI in pets.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Helena M. B. Seth-Smith, Michael Biggel, Tim Roloff, Vladimira Hinic, Thomas Bodmer, Martin Risch, Carlo Casanova, Andreas Widmer, Rami Sommerstein, Jonas Marschall, Sarah Tschudin-Sutter, Adrian Egli
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection can lead to nosocomial outbreaks, with WGS offering higher resolution epidemiological data compared to traditional PCR-ribotyping, although limitations exist in predicting ribotypes for certain strains.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Matthias Klein, Johannes Bacher, Sandra Barth, Faranak Atrzadeh, Katja Siebenhaller, Ines Ferreira, Stephan Beisken, Andreas E. Posch, Karen C. Carroll, Richard G. Wunderink, Chao Qi, Fann Wu, Dwight J. Hardy, Robin Patel, Matthew D. Sims
Summary: The Unyvero LRT BAL Application is a multiplex molecular panel that accurately and rapidly detects bacteria, antibiotic resistance markers, and fungus in BAL fluid. Compared to traditional culture methods, it shows high concordance in identifying bacteria and P. jirovecii, with additional potential pathogens found in 21.7% of prospective specimens.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Adriana Calderaro, Mirko Buttrini, Monica Martinelli, Benedetta Farina, Tiziano Moro, Sara Montecchini, Maria Cristina Arcangeletti, Carlo Chezzi, Flora De Conto
Summary: This study evaluated a Matrix-Assisted Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS (T-MALDI)) method for rapid classification of circulating C. difficile strains. The results showed that this method has good recognition and validation capabilities, especially for PR1-PR5 ribotyping.
Article
Microbiology
Gabriel E. Wagner, Johanna Dabernig-Heinz, Michaela Lipp, Adriana Cabal, Jonathan Simantzik, Matthias Kohl, Martina Scheiber, Sabine Lichtenegger, Ralf Ehricht, Eva Leitner, Werner Ruppitsch, Ivo Steinmetz
Summary: This study finds that nanopore technology can be used for high-resolution bacterial typing, with comparable accuracy to traditional technologies in outbreak and pathogen variant analysis. Furthermore, by combining real-time data processing, this technology allows for fast and accurate typing of bacterial pathogens while sequencing is still in progress.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Clara Tramuta, Patrizia Spigaglia, Fabrizio Barbanti, Daniela Manila Bianchi, Cvetelina Boteva, Alessia Di Blasio, Simona Zoppi, Teresa Zaccaria, Yolande Therese Rose Proroga, Laura Chiavacci, Alessandro Dondo, Lucia Decastelli
Summary: PCR ribotypes RT027 and 078 are common causes of Clostridioides difficile infection in humans. A study found an overlap of RTs between community-acquired patients and domestic animals, suggesting animals as a potential source of C. difficile.
COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Esther E. E. Dirks, Jasminka A. A. Lukovic, Heidrun Peltroche-Llacsahuanga, Anke Herrmann, Alexander Mellmann, Mardjan Arvand
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of C. difficile, the clinical outcome, and the time of initiation of specific hygiene measures in patients with CDI in a large tertiary-care hospital in Brandenburg. The results showed that the majority of cases were healthcare-associated CDI, with high rates of recurrence and mortality. RT027 was the most common ribotype, highlighting the need for improved molecular surveillance and specific hygiene measures.
Article
Immunology
Cecilia Magnusson, Sara Mernelius, Malin Bengner, Torbjorn Noren, Lena Serrander, Sophie Forshell, Andreas Matussek
Summary: This study describes a large nosocomial outbreak of Clostridioides difficile infections dominated by ribotype 046 in a Swedish hospital. The study found that ribotype 046 was effectively spread throughout the hospital and was associated with higher mortality compared to other strains. Various interventions were successfully implemented to control the outbreak.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
C. R. Scharn, I. A. Tickler, F. C. Tenover, R. Goering
Summary: Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) is clinically and diagnostically important in staphylococci. It contains the mecA gene encoding PBP2a, as well as other antibiotic resistance genes. The stability of SCCmec is influenced by internal mobile elements and the host cell environment.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Adriana Plankaova, Marie Brajerova, Vaclav Capek, Gabriela Balikova Novotna, Pete Kinross, Jana Skalova, Anna Soltesova, Pavel Drevinek, Marcela Krutova
Summary: This study investigated the epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Slovakian hospitals after the emergence of ribotype 176 (027-like) in 2016. The results showed that the newly-predominant RT176 and endemic RT001 are driving the epidemiology of CDI in Slovakia. The use of fluoroquinolones and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics contributes to the spread of these epidemic lineages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa Abdrabou, Zia Ul Habib Bajwa, Alexander Halfmann, Alexander Mellmann, Anna Nimmesgern, Lena Margardt, Markus Bischoff, Lutz von Mueller, Barbara Gaertner, Fabian K. Berger
Summary: Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea in developed nations like Germany, with certain genotypes such as RT027 driving resistance to antibiotics like rifampicin and metronidazole.Continuous surveillance efforts are crucial in monitoring and addressing resistance patterns observed in these strains.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
D. R. Snydman, L. A. Mcdermott, C. M. Thorpe, E. J. C. Goldstein, A. N. Schuetz, S. Johnson, D. N. Gerding, L. Gluck, D. Bourdas, K. C. Carroll, C. K. Lancaster, K. W. Garey, Q. Wang, S. T. Walk, E. Duperchy, Jared A. Silverman
Summary: This study investigated the susceptibility of C. difficile isolates collected from six geographically dispersed medical centers in the United States between 2020 and 2021. The results showed that ridinilazole displayed excellent in vitro activity against all ribotypes of C. difficile, and remained active against strains resistant to other tested agents.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Michael D. Perry, P. Lewis White, Trefor E. Morris
Summary: A retrospective analysis of C. difficile diagnostic laboratory and PCR ribotyping test results over five years (2015-2019) showed that the use of NAATs did not lead to an increase in CDI laboratory diagnostic test positivity. Despite NAAT positivity being lower than GDH, there was a significantly greater correlation between NAAT positivity and culture of toxigenic strains.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Korakrit Imwattana, Daniel R. Knight, Brian Kullin, Deirdre A. Collins, Papanin Putsathit, Pattarachai Kiratisin, Thomas Riley
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Deirdre A. Collins, Kyung Mok Sohn, Yuan Wu, Kentaro Ouchi, Yoshikazu Ishii, Briony Elliott, Thomas V. Riley, Kazuhiro Tateda, Michael Leung, David McGechie, Alison Keed, Haihui Huang, Fei Liu, Yao-Zong Yuan, Kaichun Wu, Zhihua Ran, Yunsong Yu, Jinghang Xu, Ye Chen, Owen Tak Yin Tsang, Sunny Hei Wong, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, Srinivasa Madaiah, Nagarjuna Yarlagadda, Phillip Abraham, Pravin Gare, Muhammad Hussein Gasem, Shinya Kusachi, Makoto Nagashima, Soo Jung Park, Sungmin Kiem, Christopher K. C. Lee, Jayaram Menon, Ting Soo Chow, Myrna Mendoza, Randy Mercado, Marilyn Arguillas, Raul Destura, David Ong Eng Hui, Ang Tiing Leong, Ling Khoon Lin, Yi-Hui Wu, Po-Ren Hsueh, Yuarn-Jang Lee, Jen-Hsien Wang, Yao-Shen Chen, Wen-Chien Ko, Chomsri Kositchaiwat, Varocha Mahachai, Naichaya Chamroonkul, Nguyen Van Kinh, Le Thanh Hai, Hoang Le Phuc
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Tanya Lew, Papanin Putsathit, Kyung Mok Sohn, Yuan Wu, Kentaro Ouchi, Yoshikazu Ishii, Kazuhiro Tateda, Thomas Riley, Deirdre A. Collins
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Deirdre A. Collins, Yuan Wu, Kazuhiro Tateda, Hee-Jung Kim, Richard J. Vickers, Thomas Riley
Summary: The study found that ridinilazole has potent activity against various Asian strains of C. difficile, many of which displayed resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. It is crucial to continue surveillance and control the spread of resistant strains to prevent the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents from worsening the situation.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
A. S. Tai, P. Putsathit, L. Eng, K. Imwattana, D. A. Collins, S. Mulrennan, T. Riley
Summary: The study found a high prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of toxigenic C. difficile in adults with CF, comparable to the symptomatic CF population, with no evidence of direct person-to-person transmission.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Deirdre A. Collins, Stephen Marcella, Michael Campbell, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This study aimed to determine the incidence rates and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in Perth, Western Australia. The results showed a high incidence of CDI, with female patients experiencing a higher risk. The dominant molecular type of CDI was RT 014/020, but there was also high strain diversity, suggesting exposure to multiple reservoirs.
Article
Microbiology
Su-Chen Lim, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Korakrit Imwattana, Papanin Putsathit, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas Riley
Summary: This study found a close relationship between environmental Clostridium difficile isolates and those from humans, possibly indicating an environmental transmission route. Toxigenic strains isolated from water sources were mainly of the 014/020 ribotype, with susceptibility to most antibiotics. High-resolution core-genome analysis revealed recent genetic relationships between human and water isolates.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Su-Chen Lim, Deirdre A. Collins, Korakrit Imwattana, Daniel R. Knight, Sicilia Perumalsamy, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Papanin Putsathit, David Speers, Thomas Riley
Summary: The study found that Clostridium difficile infection is mainly imported from the community into hospitals rather than spreading within the healthcare system. These findings suggest that developing community-based infection prevention and control strategies could significantly lower rates of CDI in the hospital setting.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas Riley
Summary: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a urgent threat to patients worldwide, and recurrent CDI remains a high risk due to disruption of the gut microbiota. Traditional therapy with vancomycin and metronidazole carries a high risk of recurrence, leading to the development of novel narrow spectrum antimicrobial agents like fidaxomicin and ridinilazole. Ridinilazole shows promising results in vitro and in animal models, and phase I and II clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy and superiority over vancomycin in reducing recurrence of CDI. Phase III trials are currently ongoing to further evaluate its potential in reducing recurrent CDI and its impact on healthcare systems.
LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Peng An Khun, Long Duc Phi, Phuong Thi Pham, Ha Thi Thu Nguyen, Quyen Thi Huyen Vu, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridioides difficile in children with diarrhea in Vietnam. The results showed a high prevalence of C. difficile, but a comparatively low proportion of toxigenic strains.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Korakrit Imwattana, Papanin Putsathit, Deirdre A. Collins, Teera Leepattarakit, Pattarachai Kiratisin, Thomas Riley, Daniel R. Knight
Summary: Clostridioides difficile PCR ribotype (RT) 017 is one of the most successful strains of C. difficile globally, and its global dissemination time and key factors have been determined through high-resolution genomic and Bayesian evolutionary analyses. Furthermore, the study found that C. difficile RT 017 may have been spreading between Asia and Europe since the Middle Ages and was introduced to North America in the 19th century.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Peng An Khun, Long Duc Phi, Huong Thi Thu Bui, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This study evaluated the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. difficile isolated from adults with diarrhoea in Vietnam. The overall prevalence of C. difficile was 15.1%, with 9.8% being toxigenic strains and 6.3% being non-toxigenic strains. The prevalence of multidrug resistance was 27.3%. Rating: 8 out of 10.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Peng An Khun, Long Duc Phi, Huong Thi Thu Bui, Nguyen Thi Bui, Quyen Thi Huyen Vu, Luong Duy Trinh, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas Riley
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, molecular type, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridioides difficile in the environment in Vietnam. It found that the overall contamination rate of C. difficile was 24.5%, with the highest prevalence in pig farm and hospital soils. C. difficile was also found in pig feces and potato surfaces. These findings highlight the importance of environmental sources in the epidemiology of C. difficile infection in Vietnam.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Korakrit Imwattana, Daniel R. Knight, Brian Kullin, Deirdre A. Collins, Papanin Putsathit, Pattarachai Kiratisin, Thomas V. Riley
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2019)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas Riley
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2019)