Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Pascal Rainard, Florence B. Gilbert, Pierre Germon, Gilles Foucras
Summary: Infections of the mammary gland are a common disease in dairy ruminants that have negative effects on animal welfare and milk quality. Despite decades of research, the development of mastitis vaccines has not fully met the demand, mainly due to the lack of complete understanding of the immune mechanisms for effective protection.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Pascal Rainard, Florence B. Gilbert, Pierre Germon
Summary: The epithelium of the mammary gland plays important roles in nutrition, immunity, and defense against infection. It is capable of perceiving bacteria and responding to them, as well as presenting antigens. Interventions such as drugs and immune modifiers can enhance its defense capabilities or reduce inflammation-related damage.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Pierre Germon, Rodrigo Prado Martins
Summary: The mammary gland in ruminants plays a crucial role in providing immune protection and nutrition to suckling youngs. This review explores the innate and inducible immune mechanisms of the mammary gland and discusses the remaining knowledge gaps needed for strategies to enhance mammary immune responses.
REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Pascal Rainard, Gilles Foucras, Rodrigo P. Martins
Summary: Mastitis is a significant issue for the global dairy industry, and the development of effective vaccines has been challenging due to gaps in understanding cell-mediated immunity in the mammary gland. However, recent research suggests that local immunization during the non-lactating period can elicit an adaptive immune response in the mammary gland, leading to enhanced defenses against infections. Further exploration of the immune cells in the mammary tissue is crucial for the design of efficacious mastitis vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
V Asselstine, J. F. Medrano, A. Canovas
Summary: This study used transcriptomics to study the functional aspect of mastitis resistance and found differential expression of mRNA isoforms generated via alternative splicing in mastitic and healthy samples. The study also identified the potential involvement of these mRNA isoforms in the immune system and mastitis.
Article
Fisheries
Yu Zhou, Huang-Cui Fu, Ying-Ying Wang, He-Zhong Huang
Summary: In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using mandarin fish to identify SNPs and candidate genes associated with growth traits. Many of the candidate genes were found to be related to bone differentiation, growth and development, cell division, and neurogenesis.
Article
Agronomy
Chon-Sik Kang, Young-Jun Mo, Kyeong-Min Kim, Kyeong-Hoon Kim, Jae-Buhm Chun, Chul-Soo Park, Seong-Woo Cho
Summary: This study identified several QTLs affecting yield potential in wheat by using a recombinant inbred line population derived from Korean wheat cultivars. Multiple stable QTLs were detected in at least two environments, including those influencing spike length, tiller number, and length of center rachis. Taejoong contributed significantly to the spike length QTLs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Aline Callegari Silva, Richard Laven, Nilson Roberti Benites
Summary: This study investigated potential risk factors for clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Brazil. The study identified risk factors such as increased parity, later stage of lactation, lack of milking clinical and subclinical cases last, lack of routine cleaning of the milking parlor, using dry-off treatment, and optimized feed before calving.Further research is needed for developing targeted mastitis control programs for smallholder farms in Brazil.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. R. Larsen, L. E. Moraes, B. D. Enger
Summary: Intramammary infections in primigravid dairy heifers can affect mammary growth and development, leading to reduced milk yield. This study suggests that mammary secretion somatic cell count and viscosity can be used as indicators of infection status in primigravid heifers.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Svenja Woudstra, Anneke Luecken, Nicole Wente, Yanchao Zhang, Stefanie Leimbach, Maya Katrin Gussmann, Carsten Kirkeby, Volker Kromker
Summary: Samples were collected from various locations in a dairy cow farm, and it was found that most Corynebacterium spp. isolated from milk samples were also present in the cows' environment. However, the most relevant species for intramammary infections, C. bovis, was not found in any environmental niche.
Article
Immunology
Serena Bosica, Alexandra Chiaverini, Maria Elisabetta De Angelis, Antonio Petrini, Daniela Averaimo, Michele Martino, Marco Rulli, Maria Antonietta Saletti, Maria Chiara Cantelmi, Franco Ruggeri, Fabrizio Lodi, Paolo Calistri, Francesca Cito, Cesare Camma, Marco Di Domenico, Antonio Rinaldi, Paolo Fazii, Fabrizio Cedrone, Giuseppe Di Martino, Patrizia Accorsi, Daniela Morelli, Nicola De Luca, Francesco Pomilio, Giustino Parruti, Giovanni Savini
Summary: Between November 2021 and May 2022, there were 37 clinical cases of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus infections in central Italy. Epidemiologic investigations and whole-genome sequencing revealed that unpasteurized fresh dairy products were the source of the outbreak. Early diagnosis using sequencing technology prevented the spread of life-threatening S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ramunas Antanaitis, Vida Juozaitiene, Vesta Jonike, Walter Baumgartner, Algimantas Paulauskas
Summary: The study found a direct correlation between lactose concentration and the presence of subclinical mastitis pathogens, suggesting lactose could be used as a diagnostic method. Subclinical mastitis has a negative impact on milk production and quality in dairy herds, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic tools to control its distribution.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yheni Dwiningsih, Anuj Kumar, Julie Thomas, Charles Ruiz, Jawaher Alkahtani, Abdulrahman Al-hashimi, Andy Pereira
Summary: This study utilized a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population based on high-throughput SNP markers to identify genetic information related to rice grain characteristics and propose a strategy for improving rice quality. The results indicated that these traits were quantitatively inherited, with a total of 28 QTLs and 92 candidate genes identified.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ivars Lusis, Vita Antane, Andres Waldmann
Summary: This study investigated the impact of subclinical intramammary infections (IMIs) on the somatic cell count (SCC) in cow milk and explored the possibilities of indirectly sensing udder pathogens. The results showed that continuous subclinical IMIs and episodic major udder pathogen (MaP) infections led to higher SCC.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Destaw Worku, G. R. Gowane, Anupama Mukherjee, Rani Alex, Pooja Joshi, Archana Verma
Summary: This study evaluated the association of SNPs of LAP3 and SIRT1 genes with milk production traits and clinical mastitis in dairy cattle of Indian origin. The results showed that certain variants of the LAP3 gene are associated with milk production traits and mastitis.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2022)
