Article
Polymer Science
Sevnur Keskin Dogruyol, Zekeriya Dogruyol, Elif Ozcelik Kazancioglu, Hasniye Gokcek, Nergis Arsu
Summary: Thioxanthonation of naphthalene thioacetic acid resulted in a visible light photoinitiator with high molar absorptivity and low fluorescence quantum yield and triplet energy, making it suitable for free radical polymerization reactions. The photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate with this photoinitiator and a tertiary amine yielded a significant conversion of monomer to polymer.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Till J. B. Zaehringer, Max Wienhold, Ryan Gilmour, Christoph Kerzig
Summary: This study provides a rigorous mechanistic investigation of the photoisomerization of alkenylboronates. The detection and characterization of the perpendicular triplet generated by energy transfer through a combination of experiments, spectroscopic studies, kinetic modeling, and DFT calculations have been achieved. The findings have not only served as a blueprint for challenging mechanistic studies but also allowed for the development of more sustainable reaction conditions, enabling efficient organocatalytic isomerization under sunlight irradiation for the first time.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Can Xu, Shang Gong, Xiang Wu, Yuwei Wu, Qiuyan Liao, Ying Xiong, Zhen Li, Hongding Tang
Summary: The development of carbazole-based photo-bleachable dyes as free radical initiators for visible light polymerization showed promising results in effectively initiating the photopolymerization of thick materials. Carbazole-based dyes like CM-2 and CI-2 demonstrated better free radical initiating efficiencies and successful polymerization of thick films under visible light irradiation. These findings suggest great potential for deep photocuring of thick materials using these dyes.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
X. D. Guo, H. Y. Zhou, J. X. Wang
Summary: The novel bifunctional photoinitiator TX-EG-IPDI-2959, containing thioxanthone and hydroxyalkylphenone moieties, demonstrates efficient photolysis and polymerization under visible light irradiation. The intramolecular synergistic effect between the two moieties enhances reaction efficiency.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Turkan Gencoglu, Tugce Nur Eren, Jacques Lalevee, Duygu Avci
Summary: Multifunctional polymeric photoinitiators were successfully synthesized in this study, showing excellent polymerization initiating performances under different light conditions due to their unique chemical properties. Experimental validation demonstrated the good polymerization efficiency and high conversion rates of these photoinitiators under specific conditions.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Xiaoyan Meng, Longji Li, Yaoxin Huang, Xin Deng, Xiaoxuan Liu, Zhiquan Li
Summary: Several efficient sulfonium salts were reported as unimolecular photoinitiators for initiating upconversion nanoparticle-assisted cationic and radical/cationic hybrid photopolymerization. The resulting luminescent polymeric materials, with curing depths over 10 cm and good network uniformity, are dual-wavelength responsive and hold great potential in sensing and anti-counterfeiting applications.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hicret Kirtay, Ozge Akbulut, Nergis Arsu
Summary: In this study, we report an environmentally friendly, fast, efficient, and low-cost method for in-situ preparation of ZnO nanorods in a polymer matrix using UV irradiation. The shape of the ZnO nanoparticles was found to mainly depend on the polymer matrix, while the type of photoinitiator played a crucial role in the self-assembly and orientation of the nanoparticles.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chu Chu, Shengye Jin, Richard Spinney, Dionysios D. Dionysiou, Haijun Zhang, Ruiyang Xiao
Summary: This article introduces the application of laser flash photolysis (LFP) in transient radical processes. By introducing the development process, principles, and compositions of LFP, comparing the specificity and suitability of different spectral modes, and discussing the generation, detection, and environmental implications of hydroxyl radicals, sulfate radicals, and reactive chlorine species, a critical review of the implementation of LFP for kinetic quantification and mechanism elucidation is conducted. The remaining challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Teng Chi, Paul Somers, Daniel A. Wilcox, Ashley J. Schuman, Jason E. Johnson, Zihao Liang, Liang Pan, Xianfan Xu, Bryan W. Boudouris
Summary: ITX is a common photoinitiator in DLW polymerization processes due to its high-efficiency photoinitiating abilities. However, improved photoinitiating materials are required for advanced high-throughput nanomanufacturing techniques. Thioxanthone-based photoinitiators with tailored optical and charge transfer properties were designed and synthesized to demonstrate enhanced two-photon polymerization DLW for superresolution properties.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Xianglong He, Wei Jia, Yanjing Gao, Shengling Jiang, Jun Nie, Fang Sun
Summary: This paper reports a series of water-soluble benzoylformic acid cleavage photoinitiators (BFAs) for LED-triggered photopolymerization. The BFAs can efficiently initiate free radical photopolymerization of oil-based and water-based acrylate monomers under 405 nm LED irradiation. Notably, the BAFs exhibit an excellent ability to initiate water-based LED-triggered deep-layer photopolymerization, achieving a polymerization depth of 6.7 cm after 40 s of 405 nm LED irradiation.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lihua Li, Zhangshuai Geng, Jie Huang, Henglin Xiao, Yaoyao Pei, Yan Liu
Summary: Polymeric materials, primarily made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, or polyester, have been widely used in construction sites for various purposes. A study was conducted to create an in-situ polymeric layer based on the photocuring principle, which can act as a temporary barrier for applications such as water detention, material separation, contaminant coverage, and dust control. The study found that with the right amount of carbon black and photoinitiator, the cured polymer had suitable tensile strength and permeability for construction site use.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eskil M. E. Andersen, Hsin Wang, Joshua S. H. Khoo, Jose F. Cerda, Ronald L. Koder
Summary: Safranine O is widely used as an indicator dye and electron transfer mediator. However, commercial preparations contain other compounds that affect the membrane potential measurements.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Agnieszka Skotnicka, Janina Kabatc
Summary: A series of 2-phenacylbenzoxazole difluoroboranes named BODIPY dyes were designed as photosensitizers for radical photopolymerization of acrylate monomer. These dyes can generate active radicals upon irradiation with UV-Vis light, which initiates a high-performance polymerization reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
August Runemark, Mario Martos, Martin Nigrini, Francoise M. Amombo M. Noa, Lars Ohrstrom, Henrik Sunden
Summary: This study presents a photomediated protocol for the facile synthesis of substituted β-lactam and β-lactones. The method utilizes the Zimmerman-O'Connell-Griffin (ZOG) rearrangement in a [2 + 2] cycloaddition for the first time. The products are obtained with high yield and excellent diastereoselectivity under visible light irradiation and mild reaction conditions.
Article
Polymer Science
Qiuyan Song, Kairong Zhao, Tanlong Xue, Shuai Zhao, Di Pei, Jun Nie, Yincheng Chang
Summary: Two novel supramolecular photoinitiators were developed by host-guest complexation of macrocycles with diphenyl-iodonium salt, demonstrating efficient polymerization and extending the initiating wavelength, potentially opening a new route for high-performance photoinitiator design.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yavuz Selim Toksoz, Ibrahim Ethem Ozyigit, Cigdem Bilen, Nergis Arsu, Emine Karakus
Summary: In this study, the fluorometric character of 2-thioxanthone thioacetic acid (TXSCH2COOH, T) was utilized for the analysis of Fe(II) in biological samples. The T-BSA-Fe(II) triple complex measurement system was established, showing a certain response in serum Fe(II) analysis. The results of the fluorometric measurements were compared with the reference electrochemiluminescence method, yielding similar outcomes.
PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
H. Mirac Dizman, Gunes Ozen Eroglu, Serap Erdem Kuruca, Nergis Arsu
Summary: In this study, monodisperse gold nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in situ using a new thioxanthone derivative, and the anticancer drug doxorubicin was loaded onto the nanoparticles. Testing on leukemia cancer cells and normal cells showed that 5 mu L doxorubicin-loaded gold nanoparticles were more effective in reducing cell viability compared to using doxorubicin alone, while also exhibiting lower cytotoxicity in normal cells.
APPLIED NANOSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Saliha Mutlu, Eyup Metin, Sureyya Aydin Yuksel, Ugur Bayrak, Cigdem Nuhoglu, Nergis Arsu
Summary: The study found that nanoparticles are distributed differently in solution and in polymer matrices, and the atmosphere has an impact on the shape and size of the nanoparticles. Peroxy radicals are mainly responsible for the reduction of metal ions to form metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gonul S. Batibay, Elif Ozcelik Kazancioglu, Ender Kose, Nergis Arsu
Summary: In this study, a photochemical method was used to prepare functional nano hybrid coatings and modify surface properties by adding a small amount of POSS compound to hydrophobic monomer systems. In-situ formation of silver nanoparticles was achieved during the preparation process, resulting in the transformation of hydrophobic epoxy polymeric nanohybrid film to super-hydrophilic. These results have the potential to open new avenues for research in drug delivery and biomedical applications.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Yavuz Selim Toksoz, Ibrahim Ethem Ozyigit, Cigdem Bilen, Nergis Arsu, Emine Karakus
Summary: The T-BSA binary complex was formed using fluorescence emission spectroscopy with non-covalent interactions between 2-thioxanthone thioacetic acid and stabilizator bovine serum albumin. A concentration of 1.77 x 10(-4) M of T-BSA was found to be the most suitable for the formation of T-BSA-Hg(II) triple complex. This new system exhibited strong sensitivity to Hg(II) ions, allowing for trace amount analysis.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Elif Ozcelik Kazancioglu, Meral Aydin, Nergis Arsu
Summary: This study utilized 2-thioxanthone thioacetic acid-dioxide as a photoreducing agent to successfully synthesize nanoparticles in a short period of time, and investigated its effects on the size, shape, and distribution of the nanoparticles. Results showed that compared to other thioxanthone initiators, 2-thioxanthone thioacetic acid-dioxide performed better, leading to smaller nanoparticle sizes.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Umut Koyuncu, Eyup Metin, Nuket Ocal, Nergis Arsu
Summary: In this study, a new one-component type II photoinitiator [TX-S-](2) was successfully synthesized, and its photophysical and photochemical properties were investigated through experiments and theoretical calculations. The results showed efficient initiation and potential applications in self-healing due to the cleavage of disulfide bonds.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Elif Ozcelik Kazancioglu, Meral Aydin, Nergis Arsu
Summary: Bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles were synthesized via a photochemical route with controlled size, shape, and distribution. The ratio of gold/silver nanoparticles significantly influenced the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV-Vis irradiation, with the 2:1 ratio showing the best activity. The size and high SPR absorption band were identified as key factors for the superior photocatalytic performance.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Duygu Sevinc Esen, Nese Cakir Yigit, Umit Tunca, Gurkan Hizal, Nergis Arsu
Summary: A new benzoin-based multi-arm star polymer was synthesized and used as a polymeric photoinitiator in methacrylates and acrylates polymerization. The photophysical properties and kinetics of the initiator were characterized through fluorescence, phosphorescence, and laser flash photolysis measurements.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
H. Mirac Dizman, Elif Ozcelik Kazancioglu, Takuya Shigemune, Shigeru Takahara, Nergis Arsu
Summary: This study aimed to develop a cost-effective and efficient method for L-cysteine detection by utilizing photochemical preparation of gold nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on graphene oxide nanostructures. The gold nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on graphene oxide acted as nano-sensors for detecting L-cysteine due to their interaction with the molecular structure of L-cysteine, resulting in aggregation and color change. Using this method, colorimetric detection of L-cysteine in nanomolar concentrations was successfully demonstrated.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hicret Kirtay, Sahin Yakut, Deniz Deger, Kemal Ulutas, Nergis Arsu
Summary: This study presents an easy and one-step in-situ synthesis method of a rare e-Fe2O3 polymorph in a polymer matrix with different concentrations of Fe3+ salt. The results show that the char yield of the nanocomposites can be increased by adjusting the synthesized nanoparticle concentration and achieving a good distribution. SEM images confirm the formation of e-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. The dielectric spectroscopy analysis reveals a critical ratio between 4% and 8% Fe3+ salt loading, while the nanocomposite with 20% e-Fe2O3 nanoparticles exhibits excess free charges contributing to additional conduction.
MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hicret Kirtay, Ozge Akbulut, Nergis Arsu
Summary: In this study, we report an environmentally friendly, fast, efficient, and low-cost method for in-situ preparation of ZnO nanorods in a polymer matrix using UV irradiation. The shape of the ZnO nanoparticles was found to mainly depend on the polymer matrix, while the type of photoinitiator played a crucial role in the self-assembly and orientation of the nanoparticles.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Gizem Kahraman, Burcu Durcak, Nergis Arsu, Evamarie Hey-Hawkins, Tarik Eren
Summary: Random copolymers containing anthracene and carborane units were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. They exhibited various emission behaviors and mechano-chromic properties in solution and as solids. The photodimerization and photocleavage of anthracene groups in the copolymers were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy at 350 and 254 nm, respectively. The thermal properties of the copolymers were examined from 25 to 600 degrees C under nitrogen and in air.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Mirac Dizman, Nergis Arsu
Summary: In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNps) were prepared in-situ using thioxanthone disulfide [TX-S-]2 as a photoreducing agent. These AuNps solutions were used for colorimetric determination of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (SER), two important neurotransmitters, at a micromolar level. UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to determine the formation of AuNps, and the change in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band was observed after the addition of DA and SER, indicating color changes. The size and morphology of the AuNps were characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. The method demonstrated linearity in the concentration range of 7.45-24.4 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 8.4 and 28 μM for DA, and 5.41 and 18.04 μM for SER, respectively. Additionally, in-situ synthesis of AuNps in a polymer matrix with DA and SER showed consistent sizes compared to previously prepared solutions, with the color of the polymer matrix changing from colorless to purple to dark purple in just 15 minutes of irradiation.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Elif Ozcelik Kazancioglu, Gonul S. Batibay, Ahmet Uner, Nergis Arsu
Summary: In this study, hybrid nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by photo-crosslinking, resulting in the in situ formation of silver nanoparticles in the hybrid network. The addition of a small amount of POSS-(PEG(2000))(8) significantly enhanced the thermal stability, and films containing only POSS-(PEG(2000))(8) exhibited the highest swelling ratio in a short amount of time.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Optics
R. B. Adamov, G. A. Melentev, I. V. Sedova, S. V. Sorokin, G. V. Klimko, I. S. Makhov, D. A. Firsov, V. A. Shalygin
Summary: This study investigates the THz luminescence in doped nanostructures with GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells under interband optical pumping. The results show that the spatial separation of donors and acceptors can greatly enhance the integrated intensity of THz emission.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Yanru Li, Lei Zhong, Sha Jiang, Yutong Wang, Binyao Huang, Guotao Xiang, Li Li, Yongjie Wang, Chuan Jing, Xianju Zhou
Summary: In this study, a ratiometric luminescent thermometry based on dual-emission centers was developed using co-doped CaNb2O6 phosphors with Bi3+ and Pr3+. The obtained samples exhibited good thermosensitive and thermochromic characteristics, with a maximum absolute sensitivity of 0.09 K-1 @ 528 K and a maximum relative sensitivity of 2.17 % K-1 @ 453 K.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Yujing Gong, Yeqing Wang, Zhiyuan Wang, Yijian Sun, Yi Yu
Summary: Single crystals of Dy3+ single-doped and Dy3+/Tb3+ co-doped CaYAlO4 were grown and analyzed. The incorporation of Tb3+ resulted in increased absorption and emission cross sections. The fluorescence lifetimes and branching ratios of the yellow emission were affected by the presence of Tb3+. The deactivation effect of Tb3+ ions and energy transfer mechanism were also discussed.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Lu Chen, Zhuangzhuang Ma, Jian Chen, Wang Guo
Summary: This study focuses on enhancing the thermal robustness of phosphor converter materials by preparing composite ceramics of YAG:Ce combined with high-thermal-conductivity MgO. The composite ceramics showed high density and thermal conductivity at the optimum temperature of 1400℃. Stable laser-driven white light was obtained under blue laser excitation.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Yuwei Wu, Chunhui Niu, Lei Wang, Mingqing Yang, Shiyu Zhang
Summary: Er3+-doped germanate-tellurite glasses were prepared and their structure, luminescent, and temperature-sensing properties were studied. The glass exhibited large values of O2 and O6 and its luminescence intensity varied with temperature.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Kensei Ichiba, Takumi Kato, Kenichi Watanabe, Yuma Takebuchi, Daisuke Nakauchi, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida
Summary: In this study, Eu-doped YVO4 single crystals with different concentrations were fabricated to evaluate their photoluminescence and scintillation properties. The results showed that the samples doped with Eu exhibited emission peaks due to 4f-4f transitions in PL and scintillation spectra. Based on the pulse height spectra, the light yield of the Eu-doped samples increased with increasing Eu concentration, while the afterglow level decreased.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Daiwen Xiao, Hei-Yui Kai, Anjun Huang, Menglin Song, Ka-Leung Wong, Peter A. Tanner
Summary: The emission spectra of Cs2NaEuCl6 nanoparticles synthesized by the hot injection method are explained. The dispersion of the nanoparticles in alkane solvents in the experiment allows the determination of the magnetic dipole radiative rate for the D-5(0) -F-7(1) channel in vacuum, which is in agreement with the calculated value.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Italia V. Barbosa, Geraldine Dantelle, Alain Ibanez, Lauro J. Q. Maia
Summary: The thermal response and luminescence properties of different oxide matrices were evaluated to design more accurate thermal probes. It was found that thermal probes emitting in BW-II provide better thermal sensing with higher signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, doping Nd3+ in Y2O3 matrix maximizes luminescence intensity, making it a promising matrix for thermal sensing.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Xin Li, Yu Zhang, Hongrui Ren, Lunlong Xie, Yinsheng Di, Mengqing Han, Zhaohui Bai, Quansheng Liu, Liangliang Zhang, Jiahua Zhang
Summary: This study successfully prepared phosphor samples based on Ca3-xLuxSc2-xMgxSi3O12:Ce3+ and investigated their luminescence properties. With the increase in Lu-Mg concentration, the peak of the sample redshifted, but the thermal stability gradually decreased. The LD devices made from CLSMS:Ce3+ fluorescent materials showed a decrease in cyan-green light and an increase in red light as the Lu-Mg concentration increased.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Tim Pier, Julia Hopster, Thomas Juestel
Summary: This study investigates and reports on several samples of cerium-activated gallium-based garnet phosphors. The optimal activator concentration was found to be 1 atom-%. The size of non-emitting lanthanide ions and the molar concentration of cerium strongly influenced the crystal field splitting, which in turn shaped the excitation and emission wavelengths.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Guijie Zhao, Wei Shi, Xin Xin, Fengcai Ma, Yongqing Li
Summary: This study reveals for the first time the proton transfer pathways and changes in the photophysical properties of P-TNS with three intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The reaction mechanism and driving force for the proton transfer process are explained through analysis of potential energy surface, frontier molecular orbitals, and hydrogen bond parameters, among others.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Li He, Jinshu Huang, Zhengce An, Haozhang Huang, Yu Zhao, Kexin Zhong, Bo Zhou
Summary: In this study, we designed a NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+@NaYF4 core-shell nanostructure to achieve thermochromic upconversion and high thermal sensitivity. We found that the blue upconversion emission of Tm3+ decreased while the deep-red emission increased with elevating temperature. The sample also showed a gradual emission color change from blue to purplish-red, and the optimal relative sensitivity reached 2.79% K-1.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Rupesh A. Talewar
Summary: A series of Li2TiO3 phosphors doped with Mn4+ and codoped with Mn4+ and Er3+ were synthesized, which demonstrated the ability of Mn4+ ions to absorb UV-Vis photons and subsequently transfer energy to Er3+ ions, resulting in the emission of near-infrared light. These materials have the potential to enhance the absorption efficiency of Er3+-based luminescent materials.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
Xingyuan Ma, Jianfeng Li
Summary: Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with tunable photoluminescence properties have been synthesized using suitable carbon and dopant sources in an aqueous system. The synthesized CQDs exhibited blue, green, yellow, and red emissions, and solid-state luminescence was achieved through the preparation of solid-state fluorescent films and phosphors. This study provides important technical support for the future development of CQDs synthesis.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
Article
Optics
De Bin Fu, Yang Bing Xu, Yu Teng Zhang, Shan Ting Liu, Xiao Fei Yang, Sheng Hua Liu
Summary: A pair of new chiral molecules, (S)-4 and (R)-4, have been designed and synthesized by introducing valine-containing groups at symmetrical positions on the periphery of an indolo[3,2-b]carbazole unit. These molecules exhibit aggregation-induced circular dichroism (AICD) properties in DMF/water mixtures, and in a mixture with 99% water fraction, they show strong, mirror-image, blue circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2024)
