Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alok Raghav, Hamid Ashraf, Goo-Bo Jeong
Summary: Insulin replacement is a treatment for autoimmune type 1 diabetes, and the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver tolerogenic nanoparticles shows promise in effectively treating the disease.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia Deichmann, Sara Bachmann, Marie-Anne Burckhardt, Gabor Szinnai, Hans-Michael Kaltenbach
Summary: Regular exercise is beneficial for individuals with type 1 diabetes, but adjustments in treatment are needed to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia due to increased glucose demand and changes in insulin sensitivity. Different adjustment strategies based on insulin bolus reductions and additional carbohydrate intake have been proposed, with our study using mathematical modeling to compare their effects. Results suggest that current strategies and guidelines can minimize acute hypoglycemia risk, but increase the risk of late-onset hypoglycemia, highlighting the complexity in managing blood glucose levels during and after exercise.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Silva A. Arslanian, Tamara Hannon, Philip Zeitler, Lily C. Chao, Claudia Boucher-Berry, Margarita Barrientos-Perez, Elise Bismuth, Sergio Dib, Jang Ik Cho, David Cox
Summary: In this 26-week trial, researchers found that once-weekly treatment with dulaglutide has significant efficacy in improving glycemic control among youths with type 2 diabetes.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Silva A. Arslanian, Tamara Hannon, Philip Zeitler, Lily C. Chao, Claudia Boucher-Berry, Margarita Barrientos-Perez, Elise Bismuth, Sergio Dib, Jang Ik Cho, David Cox
Summary: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing among youths. Treatment with dulaglutide at a once-weekly dose of 0.75 mg or 1.5 mg was superior to placebo in improving glycemic control through 26 weeks among youths with type 2 diabetes, without an effect on BMI.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Einas H. Alkhatib, Jody B. Grundman, Anna M. Adamusiak, Melena D. Bellin, Joel P. Brooks, Kevin S. Buckley, Erin M. Janssen, Maleewan Kitcharoensakkul, Kyle P. Mcnerney, Thea L. Pfeifer, Brooke I. Polk, Brynn E. Marks
Summary: Insulin hypersensitivity reactions are rare but serious complications of T1D treatment, negatively affecting glycemic control and quality of life.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Stephanie Fuchs, Alexander U. Ernst, Long-Hai Wang, Kaavian Shariati, Xi Wang, Qingsheng Liu, Minglin Ma
Summary: This review article summarizes the recent developments in the utilization of hydrogels for smart insulin delivery and insulin-producing cell therapies for type 1 diabetes management. It discusses glucose-sensitive hydrogels, pH-sensitive polymeric hydrogels, and other physiochemical signals for triggering insulin release from hydrogels. The article also explores the use of hydrogels in encapsulating insulin-secreting cells with a focus on mitigating foreign body response, providing suitable extracellular microenvironment, and enhancing mass transfer through oxygen supplementation and vascularization.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Theresa Kreilmeier-Berger, Florian K. Zeugswetter, Klaas-Ole Blohm, Ilse Schwendenwein, Elisabeth Baszler, Bernadette Ploderer, Iwan Anton Burgener, Frank Kuenzel
Summary: This case report discusses the successful treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in two guinea pigs with long-acting basal insulin glargine. Guinea pigs seem to be prone to a disorder resembling type II diabetes in humans. The use of glargine insulin controlled the diabetes in the animals, with detailed management of ophthalmic abnormalities and suspected diabetic cataracts.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
L. Bozzetto, D. Pacella, L. Cavagnuolo, M. Capuano, A. Corrado, G. Scida, G. Costabile, A. A. Rivellese, G. Annuzzi
Summary: The aim of this study was to explore the variability of post-prandial glucose response (PGR) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) within individuals and between subjects. The study found that individual traits significantly influence PGR in addition to meal characteristics.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Munachiso Nwokolo, Roman Hovorka
Summary: Diabetes technologies, such as CSII pumps and CGM, have significantly improved diabetes care by enhancing glycemic control and reducing diabetes distress. Closed-loop systems, including hybrid and fully closed-loop systems, have demonstrated safety and efficacy in research settings. However, the clinical adoption of closed-loop therapy is still in its early stages, with challenges in equitable access and regulatory navigation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lutgarda Bozzetto, Alessandra Corrado, Giuseppe Scida
Summary: This study aimed to explore the best dietary approach for comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current nutritional research in T1D mainly focuses on blood glucose control, while limited studies have been conducted on other metabolic risk factors. Therefore, more research is needed to identify the optimal dietary treatment.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Shuo Zhang, Feiying Deng, Jingxian Chen, Fengwu Chen, Zezhen Wu, Liping Li, Kaijian Hou
Summary: There is a strong relationship between fecal microbiota and the development of type 1 diabetes. Fecal microbiota transplantation has emerged as a safe and effective therapy for various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. It has been found that fecal microbiota transplantation can correct immune disorders, leading to improved disease outcomes. Additionally, it has been shown to improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in diabetic patients.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anneliese J. S. Flatt, Carla J. Greenbaum, James A. M. Shaw, Michael R. Rickels
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by loss and dysfunction of pancreatic islet beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Assessment of beta cell secretory capacity can detect the loss of beta cells during a presymptomatic phase of autoimmune attack. Islet transplantation can restore physiologic reserve capacity for insulin secretion.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christophe E. M. De Block, Jolijn Van Cauwenberghe, Niels Bochanen, Eveline Dirinck
Summary: Over the past 100 years since the discovery of insulin, insulin preparations have significantly improved, from animal insulins to human insulins to insulin analogues. The advent of ultra-rapid-acting insulin analogues has provided a new possibility for achieving strict glucose control while maintaining convenience in insulin therapy.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Si Chen, Jingyi Lu, Danfeng Peng, Fengjing Liu, Wei Lu, Wei Zhu, Yuqian Bao, Jian Zhou, Weiping Jia
Summary: This study investigated the real-world incidence of hypoglycemic events among diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment in routine clinical practice in China. The results showed a relatively high percentage of patients experiencing hypoglycemia, with the majority of events occurring outside of a hospital setting.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alice L. J. Carr, Carmella Evans-Molina, Richard A. Oram
Summary: The personalised approach to diabetes care has evolved over time, incorporating personalised diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prediction. Advances in understanding diabetes pathogenesis and human biology have improved diabetes care and hold promise for future precision medicine.