Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Carolina F. Ruivo, Nuno Bastos, Barbara Adem, Ines Batista, Cecilia Duraes, Carlos A. Melo, Stephanie A. Castaldo, Francisco Campos-Laborie, Pedro Moutinho-Ribeiro, Barbara Morao, Ana Costa-Pinto, Soraia Silva, Hugo Osorio, Sergio Ciordia, Jose Luis Costa, David Goodrich, Bruno Cavadas, Luisa Pereira, Tony Kouzarides, Guilherme Macedo, Rui Maio, Fatima Carneiro, Marilia Cravo, Raghu Kalluri, Jose Carlos Machado, Sonia A. Melo
Summary: This study reveals that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors establish a communication network mediated by cancer stem cells (CSC) and the protein agrin, which promotes tumor growth and therapy resistance. CSC release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that activate specific proteins, leading to increased tumor cell proliferation and transcriptional regulator activation. Targeting this communication network may provide a potential strategy for targeted therapy and has significant implications for cancer stem cells.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Heng Lu, Long Long Cao, Farah Ballout, Abbes Belkhiri, Dunfa Peng, Lei Chen, Zheng Chen, Mohammed Soutto, Timothy C. Wang, Jianwen Que, Silvia Giordano, Mary Kay Washington, Steven Chen, Oliver Gene Mcdonald, Alexander Zaika, Wael El-Rifai
Summary: This study revealed the role of acidic bile salts (ABS) in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) through APE1 redox-dependent E-cadherin cleavage. The findings suggest that APE1-redox inhibitors could be a therapeutic option for EAC treatment.
Review
Oncology
Abdul Arif Khan
Summary: Colorectal cancer originates from polyps, and research has identified key targets and pathways associated with the transformation of polyps into cancer. Functional overrepresentation analysis has provided insights into the overall mechanism.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Long Long Cao, Heng Lu, Mohammed Soutto, Nadeem Bhat, Zheng Chen, Dunfa Peng, Ahmed Gomaa, Jia Bin Wang, Jian Wei Xie, Ping Li, Chao Hui Zheng, Sachiyo Nomura, Jashodeep Datta, Nipun Merchant, Zhi Bin Chen, Alejandro Villarino, Alexander Zaika, Chang Ming Huang, Wael El-Rifai
Summary: This study developed a classification method based on immune cell infiltration to classify GC and found that immune desert-type and excluded-type tumors are resistant to ICB therapy compared to immune-inflamed tumors. The study also identified the enrichment of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling in immune desert-type GC, and showed that mesenchymal-like tumors in syngeneic mice exhibited T cell-exclusion and resistance to CTLA4 blockade.
Review
Microbiology
Paola Savoia, Barbara Azzimonti, Roberta Rolla, Elisa Zavattaro
Summary: The skin and gut host various microorganisms that interact with the immune system and affect immune tolerance and inflammation. Changes in the skin microbiota have been observed in skin diseases, including skin cancer. Modulating the microbiota could be a potential therapeutic option for advanced skin cancers.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hong Zhou, Qixiang Zhao, Chengcheng Yue, Jiadong Yu, Huaping Zheng, Jing Hu, Zhonglan Hu, Haozhou Zhang, Xiu Teng, Xiao Liu, Xiaoqiong Wei, Yuxi Zhou, Fanlian Zeng, Yan Hao, Yawen Hu, Xiaoyan Wang, Chen Zhang, Linna Gu, Wenling Wu, Yifan Zhou, Kaijun Cui, Nongyu Huang, Wei Li, Zhen Wang, Jiong Li
Summary: IL-38 is downregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and its knockout suppresses skin tumor formation and malignant progression. Deletion of IL-38 leads to reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines and myeloid cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. IL-38 activates the JNK/AP-1 pathway in an IL-1Rrp2-dependent manner to promote cancer-related inflammatory cytokines expression, tumor cell proliferation, and migration.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Miranda L. Lynch, Edward H. Snell, Sarah E. J. Bowman
Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented scientific efforts, resulting in over 1000 structures of SARS-CoV-2 biomolecules being deposited in the Worldwide Protein Data Bank. This reflects the essential role of structural biology in combating the pandemic and highlights the advancements in cryoelectron microscopy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan O. Schencka, Eunjung Kim, Rafael R. Bravo, Jeffrey West, Simon Leedham, Darryl Shibata, Alexander R. A. Anderson
Summary: Recent studies have found that normal human tissues accumulate somatic mutations, especially in human skin, which contains multiple subclones of different sizes. Driver mutations are frequent and have larger subclone sizes, suggesting selection. Using a simple agent-based skin-cell model, researchers have shown that these complex somatic mutations can be explained by the model's prime directive of homeostasis. The model replicates the observed log-linear distributions of somatic mutations, where most mutations are found in increasingly smaller subclones that are typically lost over time. The model also suggests that the accumulation of more frequent and larger driver subclones can occur if these mutations confer higher persistence in normal skin or during tissue damage.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Veronika Ramovs, Ana Krotenberg Garcia, Maaike Kreft, Arnoud Sonnenberg
Summary: This study reveals the crucial role of integrin alpha 3 beta 1 and CD151 in regulating signaling pathways that control the survival of differentiating keratinocytes, shedding light on the essential role of alpha 3 beta 1 in the early stages of skin cancer development.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo, Renyi Wu, Md Shahid Sarwar, Meinizi Zheng, Chao Wang, Davit Sargsyan, Nanjoo Suh, Ah-Ng Tony Kong
Summary: This study investigated the effects of CDDO on the methylome and transcriptome in TPA-induced skin cancer. The results showed that CDDO dose-dependently blocked TPA-induced transformation and restored gene expression inhibited by TPA. The correlation between methylation status and gene expression was established, and differentially methylated regions were studied as potential therapeutic targets. In addition, CDDO counteracted the effects of TPA through modulating cell cycles, cell migration, and inflammatory and immune response pathways.
Article
Oncology
B. Hernando, M. Dietzen, G. Parra, M. Gil-Barrachina, G. Pitarch, L. Mahiques, F. Valcuende-Cavero, N. McGranahan, C. Martinez-Cadenas
Summary: This study reveals that UV-related somatic mutations accumulate exponentially with age in normal skin, matching skin cancer incidence. The increase in mutation burden is influenced by an individual's skin type, and somatic mutations tend to accumulate and clonally expand in specific cancer genes as individuals age.
ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Rakoczy, Justyna Kaczor, Adam Soltyk, Natalia Szymanska, Jakub Stecko, Jakub Sleziak, Julita Kulbacka, Dagmara Baczynska
Summary: Luteolin, also known as 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, exhibits a multitude of biological effects including antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as cancer-preventive effects. It can induce apoptosis, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, suppress angiogenesis and metastasis, and sensitize cancer cells to therapeutic cytotoxicity. In addition to its potential role in cancer prevention, luteolin has promising applications in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19. This review highlights the multidimensionality of luteolin's impact on both neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases, with a focus on its complex molecular mechanisms in cancer and its potential in other fields such as diabetology, virology, and dermatology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xianxian Cui, Dengke Chen, Huawei Chen
Summary: Shark skin-inspired riblets have great potential for drag reduction and antifouling in engineering applications. However, most studies have overlooked the influence of riblet height gradient and material deformation. This study proposed flexible multistage gradient riblets and investigated their effects on drag reduction and antifouling through experiment and simulation.
Article
Virology
Pedro V. A. Costa, Patricia S. Ishiy, Paulo R. P. Urbano, Camila M. Romano, Stephen K. Tyring, Walmar R. P. Oliveira, Cyro Festa-Neto
Summary: The study confirmed the presence of PyVs in different skin tumors, especially in Merkel cell carcinoma. However, no correlation was found between any PyVs and other skin tumors or epidemiological data. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of PyVs in skin carcinogenesis.
Article
Oncology
Christine Hoesl, Thomas Froehlich, Christian Posch, Hermann Kneitz, Matthias Goebeler, Marlon R. Schneider, Maik Dahlhoff
Summary: The incidence of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer has been increasing in recent years. Research has shown that LRIG1 plays a significant role in skin carcinogenesis, with LRIG1-TG mice developing melanocytic tumors during chemical skin carcinogenesis.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2021)