Review
Microbiology
Ekaterina Martynova, Albert Rizvanov, Richard A. Urbanowicz, Svetlana Khaiboullina
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms of inflammasome activation and their role in the development of Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes. The contribution of cytokines released from activated inflammasomes to the immune response is summarized, along with the discussion of the role of cytokines released from tissue cells in promoting lymphocyte differentiation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yee Huang, Li Nan, Chenwen Xiao, Jie Dong, Ke Li, Jvfen Cheng, Quanan Ji, Qiang Wei, Guolian Bao, Yan Liu
Summary: The study successfully developed GAN-OMV, which can stimulate Th1/Th2/Th17 immune responses against Bb and provide a promising strategy for novel vaccine development against the microbial pathogen. GAN-OMV showed a stable core-shell structure and effectively internalized into macrophages through multiple endocytotic pathways, promoting cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and M1 polarization. Subcutaneous GAN-OMV vaccination significantly enhanced specific antibody production, lymphocyte proliferation, and the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jack F. Webster, Rozan Vroman, Sanne Beerens, Shuzo Sakata, Christian Wozny
Summary: The lateral habenula (LHb) is pathologically hyperactive in depression and inhibiting it has been shown to have antidepressant effects. While there are proposed locally targeting inhibitory interneuron populations within the LHb, specific molecular markers for studying these neurons are sparse. Recent research using neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NDNF) as a marker for neocortical neurogliaform cells found that while NDNF was selectively expressed in the neocortex, it was not confined to a specific subpopulation within the LHb, indicating the need for validation of molecular markers for diverse populations of neurons in different brain structures.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi, Purvi Mande, Tia Y. Brodeur, Kaiyuan Hao, Grace E. Ryan, Stephanie Moses, Sharon Subramanian, Xhuliana Picari, Khashayar Afshari, Ann Marshak-Rothstein, Jillian M. Richmond
Summary: This study assessed the role of specific T cell subsets in the initiation and persistence of skin disease using a murine model of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). The findings suggest that Th2 cells trigger skin lesion formation in CLE, and these cells switch to a Th1-like phenotype over time. Furthermore, the study identified changes in T cells at four weeks post injection, with higher expression levels of interferon stimulated genes. These results highlight the importance of understanding the role of different T cell subsets in CLE progression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yuan Zhang, Jiuli Zhang, Jun Bao, Chaohua Tang, Ziwei Zhang
Summary: The study found that selenium deficiency can lead to necroptosis, inflammatory responses, and abnormal expression of cytokines in swine intestine tissues, potentially causing damage to the digestive system.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Dominik Sonanini, Christoph M. Griessinger, Barbara F. Schoerg, Philipp Knopf, Klaus Dittmann, Martin Roecken, Bernd J. Pichler, Manfred Kneilling
Summary: The study demonstrated that low-dose TBI can significantly improve the efficacy of CD4+ T cell-based immunotherapies, leading to increased survival of RIP1-Tag2 mice and enhanced infiltration of CD4+ T cells in tumor tissue. This approach may provide a rationale for combining TBI with immunotherapy for cancer treatment in clinical settings.
Article
Oncology
Vrouyr Bilemjian, Martijn R. Vlaming, Jimena Alvarez Freile, Gerwin Huls, Marco De Bruyn, Edwin Bremer
Summary: This article investigates the role of the GPR56 immune checkpoint in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in epithelial ovarian cancer. The expression of GPR56 differs between cancer and healthy cells, and ectopic expression of GPR56 reduces T cell migration.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xianhai Zeng, Xiaojun Xiao, Suqin Hu, Weiyi He, Gaohui Wu, Xiaorui Geng, Jialiang Fan, Longpeng Ma, Jiangqi Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Pingchang Yang
Summary: This study reveals the crucial role of XBP1 in Th2 polarization, particularly in airway allergy, and identifies it as a potential therapeutic target. Inhibiting XBP1 can alleviate Th2 polarization-related immune inflammation in the airways.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Katharina Worzner, Johanna Hvannastein, Signe Tandrup Schmidt, Camilla Foged, Ida Rosenkrands, Gabriel Kristian Pedersen, Dennis Christensen
Summary: The degree of antigen adsorption to adjuvants significantly influences the quality of immune responses induced by vaccines. Changing the adsorption capabilities of antigens to adjuvants can have a substantial impact on the resulting immune response quality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Virology
Faith H. N. Howard, Amy Kwan, Natalie Winder, Amina Mughal, Cristal Collado-Rojas, Munitta Muthana
Summary: The number of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases has increased globally in recent decades. Host factors such as age, ethnicity, and underlying pathologies can affect the immune response and the outcome following viral infection.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yumei Zhou, Linhan Hu, Honglei Zhang, Haiyun Zhang, Juntong Liu, Xiaoshan Zhao, Ji Wang, Qi Wang
Summary: The study found that GMK achieves a similar effect as dexamethasone in controlling symptoms of allergic asthma and inhibiting inflammation, reconstructs the immune balance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 cells, and impacts asthma treatment by altering gut microbiota. Metabolome results reveal specific substances associated with Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 cell balance.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Constantin Schmidt, Aenne Harberts, Daniel Reimers, Tabea Bertram, Leonie Caroline Voss, Joanna Schmid, Niels Christian Lory, Michael Spohn, Friedrich Koch-Nolte, Samuel Huber, Friederike Raczkowski, Minka Breloer, Hans-Willi Mittruecker
Summary: The transcription factor IRF4 plays a central role in controlling T cell activation and differentiation. Deficiency of IRF4 results in severe immune deficiency, impaired T cell maturation and function, and compromised control of pathogens. The study shows that IRF4 is vital for Th17 and Th2 cell responses and the recruitment of T helper cells to the intestine. IRF4 regulates the expression of intestinal homing receptors and is essential for Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation and migration to the intestine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ana B. Pavel, Jacob W. Glickman, James R. Michels, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Rachel L. Miller, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Summary: A major component of COVID-19 severe respiratory syndrome is the patient's immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the consequential multi-organ inflammatory response. Several studies suggested a potential role of CD4(+) T cells in COVID-19 severe respiratory syndrome. Th2/Th1 imbalance may affect patient outcomes in COVID-19, particularly in asthmatic patients.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Na Yu, Yiming Weng, Wei Liu, Lixia Chen, Furhan Iqbal, Zhe Yin, Yinyan He, Yanqiu Wang
Summary: The study demonstrates that Toll-like receptor (TLRs) agonists enhance CCL2 production, affecting cytokine secretion by immune cells and potentially promoting Th1/Th2 immune bias.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eric B. Nonnecke, Patricia A. Castillo, Malin E. Johansson, Edward J. Hollox, Bo Shen, Bo Lonnerdal, Charles L. Bevins
Summary: This study investigates the differences between ITLN2 and ITLN1 in terms of their structure and expression characteristics. It reveals that ITLN2 is a highly abundant Paneth cell-specific product in the small intestine, and its expression is downregulated in Crohn's disease. ITLN2 mRNA expression is undetectable in control colon tissue, but metaplastic Paneth cells express ITLN2 in both ulcerative colitis and colonic Crohn's disease.