Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lai-San Wong, Yu-Ta Yen, Chih-Hung Lee
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a prototypic inflammatory disease characterized by intense itching, with multifactorial pathophysiology involving environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, skin barrier function, and immune responses. Recent research has shown that pruritogens not only trigger itch but also interact with immune cells and act as inflammatory mediators, worsening the severity of atopic dermatitis. Targeted therapies for atopic dermatitis focus on the interaction between pruritogens and inflammatory molecules.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana B. Arroyo, Martin Bernal-Carrion, Joaquin Canton-Sandoval, Isabel Cabas, Raul Corbalan-Velez, Teresa Martinez-Menchon, Belen Ferri, Maria L. Cayuela, Diana Garcia-Moreno, Victoriano Mulero
Summary: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease with no specific treatment. Recent research has shown the critical role of NAD(+) and PAR metabolism in oxidative stress and skin inflammation. Alterations in NAMPT and PARP expression were observed in AD patients, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets for skin inflammatory disorders. Pharmacological inhibition of NAMPT and PARP reduced AD-associated biomarkers in a human 3D organotypic skin model, suggesting new potential treatments for AD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Natsuko Saito-Sasaki, Yu Sawada
Summary: This review provides detailed information on the interactions among various S100 proteins in inflammatory diseases, highlighting the significant role of S100 proteins as important substances in the inflammatory process of skin tissues.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jowita Sroka-Tomaszewska, Magdalena Trzeciak
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathophysiology involving genetic disorders, epidermal barrier defects, immune response alterations, and disruption of skin microbial balance. The disease significantly affects the quality of life of patients and their families, potentially requiring personalized treatment approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Paola Facheris, Jane Jeffery, Ester Del Duca, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Summary: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex and heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease. Different phenotypes of AD based on patient characteristics have been defined, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment. Advances in understanding AD pathogenesis have led to an expansion in therapeutic options. Biomarkers in clinical studies are helping to clarify the role of cytokines and immune pathways in AD and enable personalized medicine. This review discusses changes in the understanding and treatment of AD, highlighting the scientific rationale behind targeted treatments and presenting recent clinical efficacy data.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Allergy
Eden David, Benjamin Ungar, Yael Renert-Yuval, Paola Facheris, Ester del Duca, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease with significant physical, emotional, and socioeconomic burdens. Recent advances in understanding its pathogenesis have revealed the involvement of immune axes beyond the Th2 pathway. Different AD endotypes, influenced by environment, genetics, and race, exhibit distinct immune profiles, including Th17, Th22, and Th1. Current biologic therapies target the Th2 pathway, but new therapies under development aim to target other immune axes, providing hope for more varied treatments for this heterogeneous disease. Integration of these experimental biologics into clinical practice may offer more effective and tailored therapeutic solutions for a diverse patient population, while also enhancing our understanding of the pathology of AD.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nahoko Zeze, Makiko Kido-Nakahara, Gaku Tsuji, Eriko Maehara, Yuki Sato, Sawako Sakai, Kei Fujishima, Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya, Masutaka Furue, Takeshi Nakahara
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder characterized by inflammation, barrier disruption, and intense itch. This study investigates the involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. The results suggest that the ERK pathway plays a role in the development of atopic dermatitis and may be a potential therapeutic target.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Huaguo Li, Zhen Zhang, Hui Zhang, Yifeng Guo, Zhirong Yao
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder with complex pathogenesis involving genetic predisposition, epidermal dysfunction, abnormal skin microbiome, immune dysregulation, and neuroimmune system. Current treatment options range from topical anti-inflammatory therapy to targeted biologic agents, highlighting the ongoing efforts to develop innovative treatments for AD.
CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Maria Stamelou, Gesine Respondek, Nikolaos Giagkou, Jennifer L. Whitwell, Gabor G. Kovacs, Gunter U. Hoglinger
Summary: This review provides an overview of the latest research on 4-repeat tauopathies, focusing on progressive supranuclear palsy, and discusses how current evidence guides ongoing and future research goals. Despite being severe and untreatable diseases, progress in research has addressed issues such as phenotypic overlap, early clinical diagnosis, pathophysiology, and identification of biomarkers, paving the way for treatment development. Lessons learned from failed neuroprotective drug trials are being used to design new trials, with new clinical criteria and biomarker research advancing towards potential treatments.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saeko Nakajima, Duerna Tie, Takashi Nomura, Kenji Kabashima
Summary: Type 2 immunity and inflammation play key roles in allergic skin disorders like atopic dermatitis, with cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 being essential in type 2 inflammation. Biologics targeting these cytokines have shown significant efficacy in treating AD, based on both basic research in mice and clinical trials in humans.
Review
Immunology
I-Hsin Huang, Wen-Hung Chung, Po-Chien Wu, Chun-Bing Chen
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory, pruritic skin disease that significantly affects patients' quality of life. The JAK-STAT pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD, and targeting this pathway may alleviate inflammation and itchiness. Topical and oral JAK inhibitors offer promising therapeutic options for AD treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Prasanna Duraisamy, Soumya Jagadeesan, Jacob Thomas
Summary: Janus Kinase inhibitors have been proven effective in the treatment of various dermatoses, and may be useful in the treatment of other dermatological disorders. This study presents a case series of 12 patients with eczematous dermatoses who did not respond to conventional therapy and were treated with tofacitinib. All patients showed improvement after 1 month of treatment.
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL TREATMENT
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Hainan Yue, Yoshie Umehara, Juan Valentin Trujillo-Paez, Ge Peng, Hai Le Thanh Nguyen, Panjit Chieosilapatham, Chanisa Kiatsurayanon, Pu Song, Ko Okumura, Hideoki Ogawa, Shigaku Ikeda, Francois Niyonsaba
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is often associated with other atopic symptoms. The pathogenesis is complex and involves genetic predisposition, immune dysfunction, and environmental factors. Factors like irritation and skin infections play a crucial role in triggering and exacerbating the disease.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Claudia C. S. Chini, Julianna D. Zeidler, Sonu Kashyap, Gina Warner, Eduardo Nunes Chini
Summary: NAD and NADP have diverse roles beyond co-factors in oxidation-reduction reactions, including signaling pathways, post-translational modifications, epigenetic changes, and RNA regulation. Recent studies have shown that NAD metabolism is highly dynamic with a short halflife in some tissues, and new concepts are emerging in the roles of NAD pathway metabolites in various disease states. Resolving open questions in NAD biology will lead to significant advancements in the field.
Review
Allergy
Andrew W. Liu, Jacob E. Gillis, Tina L. Sumpter, Daniel H. Kaplan
Summary: The skin is populated by various immune cells and sensory neurons, and the interaction between the nervous and immune systems plays a crucial role in inflammatory skin diseases. Neurotransmitters secreted by nerve terminals mediate immune cell function, while immune factors derived from immune cells interact with neurons to induce itching. This review explores the effector functions of neurons on skin immune cells in mouse models of atopic and contact dermatitis, and discusses the contribution of specific neuronal subsets and immune factors to itch induction and inflammation. The findings also shed light on treatment strategies and the relationship between scratching and dermatitis.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)