Article
Cell Biology
Leonardo T. Salgado, Louisi S. Oliveira, Juliana Echevarria-Lima, Vanessa M. Reis, Daniela B. Sudatti, Fabiano L. Thompson, Renato C. Pereira
Summary: Laurencia seaweed species synthesize a broad range of secondary metabolites, and ABC transporters play an important role in the defense system.
Article
Agronomy
Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo, Lourdes Macias-Rodriguez, Raul Omar Real-Santillan, Dante Lopez-Carmona, Griselda Garcia-Gomez, Ana Paola Galicia-Gallardo, Ruth Alfaro-Cuevas, Carlos E. Gonzalez-Esquivel, Miguel Bernardo Najera-Rincon, Sandra Goretti Adame-Garnica, Angel Rebollar-Alviter, Mariana Alvarez-Navarrete, John Larsen
Summary: Our study reveals novel information about the interactions between Trichoderma harzianum and Phyllophaga vetula in the maize rhizosphere, resulting in alterations in maize phenotypic plant responses and inducing root herbivore tolerance. The application of T. harzianum increases maize growth and induces tolerance against herbivore attack, while also altering the emission of root volatile terpenes.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Renato Crespo Pereira, Nathalia Nocchi, Tatiana U. P. Konno, Angelica R. Soares
Summary: Experimental studies on aquatic plants have shown that their chemical defense mechanisms are more effective against herbivory than structural or other traits. However, the feeding preference of generalist consumers like Biomphalaria glabrata is not significantly correlated with physical or chemical traits of aquatic plants, likely determined by a combination of their chemical and physical properties resulting in moderate grazing rates.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Aditya Abha Singh, Annesha Ghosh, Madhoolika Agrawal, Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
Summary: Tropospheric ozone (O-3) is a secondary pollutant that induces oxidative stress in plants. They respond to O-3 exposure by activating phenylpropanoid, isoprenoid, and alkaloid pathways, resulting in the synthesis of secondary defense metabolites. Chronic exposure to O-3 shifts carbon flows towards secondary metabolism, enabling plants to cope with stress and achieve homeostasis. This review discusses the impact of O-3 on plant species, including crops, trees, and medicinal plants, focusing on their secondary metabolic pathways, ROS scavenging abilities, and defense mechanisms.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tijana Suboticki, Olivera Mitrovic Ajtic, Dragoslava Djikic, Marijana Kovacic, Juan F. Santibanez, Milica Tosic, Vladan P. Cokic
Summary: In various systems, hydroxyurea has been shown to stimulate the release of nitric oxide or activate nitric oxide synthase. Through inhibiting nitric oxide metabolites, hydroxyurea is able to inhibit the growth of mature erythroid colonies and impact the presence of iNOS immunoreactive CFU-E.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gabriele Serreli, Micaela Rita Naitza, Sonia Zodio, Vera Piera Leoni, Martina Spada, Maria Paola Melis, Anna Boronat, Monica Deiana
Summary: Ferulic acid and its metabolites show efficacy in combating inflammation by limiting the expression and activity of proinflammatory enzymes, reducing NF-κB translocation, and promoting Nrf2 expression.
Review
Biology
Yun-Jin Ju, Hye-Won Lee, Ji-Woong Choi, Min-Sik Choi
Summary: Excessive nitrosative stress contributes to neurodegenerative diseases by producing misfolded proteins. The relationship between S-nitrosylated proteins and the accumulation of misfolded proteins was reviewed, with a focus on parkin and PDI. Therapeutic targets for protein misfolding-associated diseases include NOS and GSNOR, in addition to S-nitrosylated target proteins.
Article
Plant Sciences
Janik Hundacker, Norbert Bittner, Christoph Weise, Gunnar Broehan, Martti Varama, Monika Hilker
Summary: The study identified a proteinaceous elicitor named diprionin from secretion associated with sawfly eggs, which can induce pine defenses and increase emission of (E)-beta-farnesene to attract egg parasitoids. Diprionin is the first egg-associated proteinaceous elicitor of indirect plant defense against insect eggs described so far.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiuyan Wan, Teng Zheng, Dawei Wang, Wei Pan, Yanan Gao, Na Li, Bo Tang
Summary: A porphyrin-based material with covalent organic framework (COF) was developed as a nitric oxide (NO) donor delivery nanoplatform responsive to glutathione for synergistic cancer therapy involving NO mediated therapy and photodynamic therapy.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hsueh-Han Lu, Anja. K. K. Meents, Judith Fliegmann, Ming-Jing Hwang, Ching-Shu Suen, Diana Masch, Georg Felix, Axel Mithofer, Kai-Wun Yeh
Summary: Sweet potato is an important crop that is often attacked by insect pests. Researchers have discovered that a storage protein called sporamin, which is abundant in the tubers, has trypsin protease inhibitory activity. This protein is induced by wounds or certain compounds, enhancing the plant's resistance to insects. The study also identified a gene called IbLRR-RK1, which is related to peptide-elicitor receptors found in tomato and Arabidopsis. Additionally, a peptide ligand called IbPep1 was found, which plays a role in strengthening insect resistance in sweet potato.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Vincent Ninkuu, Jianpei Yan, Zenchao Fu, Tengfeng Yang, James Ziemah, Matthias S. Ullrich, Nikolai Kuhnert, Hongmei Zeng
Summary: Fungal infections cause significant yield loss in crops, and plants respond by producing protective metabolites such as lignin. Recent research focuses on modifying the lignin pathway to enhance plant defense against pathogens. This review summarizes the latest studies on monolignol regulatory genes and their contributions to fungi immunity, and expands the frontier of lignin pathway engineering for plant defense.
Article
Plant Sciences
Guihua Duan, Chunqin Li, Yanfang Liu, Xiaoqing Ma, Qiong Luo, Jing Yang
Summary: This study utilized UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS to identify altered metabolites in transgenic rice infected with M. oryzae, revealing organic acids, organic oxygen compounds, lipids, and lipid-like molecules. The research showed that carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways were involved in plant defense responses and resistance strengthening. The study also found that the identified metabolites could be utilized as an optimal marker for M.oryzae defense in rice.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Rui Yang, Jing Wang, Zhipeng Cai, Yonggen Shen, Zengyu Gan, Bing Duan, Jie Yuan, Tenghuan Huang, Wei Zhang, Huaying Du, Chunpeng Wan, Jinyin Chen, Liqin Zhu
Summary: Exogenous nitric oxide treatment significantly alleviated the disease symptoms of kiwifruit infected with Botryosphaeria dothidea, and transcriptome analysis revealed that the treatment induced differential expression of many genes involved in pathogen-defense pathways.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Anik Sarkar, Nilanjan Chakraborty, Krishnendu Acharya
Summary: This study focuses on the protection of emerging Alternaria leaf spot disease of chilli using chi-tosan nanoparticles (CNP). The results show that CNP can enhance the plant's innate immunity and defense responses against the fungus. Additionally, the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in CNP-induced defense responses in chilli plants.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Dingli Wang, Mengqin Pan, Arjen Biere, Jianqing Ding
Summary: This study investigates the combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and above- and belowground herbivory on plant productivity and subsequent herbivore performance. The results show that both AMF and tuber herbivory increase tuber biomass and primary metabolites. Tuber herbivory enhances the performance of subsequent conspecifics feeding on tubers, but only in plants inoculated with AMF.
JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuechen Bai, Caiqiong Yang, Rayko Halitschke, Christian Paetz, Danny Kessler, Konrad Burkard, Emmanuel Gaquerel, Ian T. Baldwin, Dapeng Li
Summary: This study reveals a nonhost resistance mechanism of plants against herbivores through genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analysis. The results show that a module triggered by Empoasca leafhoppers induces the synthesis of a specific compound in crop plants, which confers resistance to leafhoppers.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuxing Xu, Jingxiong Zhang, Canrong Ma, Yunting Lei, Guojing Shen, Jianjun Jin, Deren A. R. Eaton, Jianqiang Wu
Summary: This study provides high-quality genomes for three parasitic plants and establishes a robust phylogenetic framework for Orobanchaceae. The study reveals that an ancient whole-genome duplication event may have played a role in the emergence of parasitism. Contrary to previous speculations, the emergence of holoparasitism is not associated with genome duplication. The study also identifies convergent gene loss between Orobanchaceae parasites and the dodder Cuscuta australis. Additionally, the expanded gene families in Orobanchaceae parasites are enriched in functions related to haustorium development, suggesting that recent gene family expansions have facilitated adaptation to different hosts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sven Heiling, Jiancai Li, Rayko Halitschke, Christian Paetz, Ian T. Baldwin
Summary: This study reveals that caterpillars are able to rearrange key constituents of plant defense pathways and disable their defensive properties. This discovery was made through comparative metabolomics of tobacco leaves and caterpillar frass. Further analysis showed that plants have evolved mechanisms to counter this defensive rearrangement.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Na Xue, Che Zhan, Juan Song, Yong Li, Jingxiong Zhang, Jinfeng Qi, Jianqiang Wu
Summary: This study reveals the crucial role of GLR3.3 and GLR3.6 genes in mediating systemic defense against insects. These genes regulate transcriptional and metabolic responses in both local and systemic leaves, including hormone accumulation and defensive metabolites. This research provides new insights into the function of GLR3.3 and GLR3.6 in plant defense against insect attack.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Caiqiong Yang, Yuechen Bai, Rayko Halitschke, Klaus Gase, Gundega Baldwin, Ian T. T. Baldwin
Summary: Plants use limited resources to produce toxic defenses in response to challenges from herbivores and competitors. Jasmonate signaling, mediated by MYC2 transcription factors, helps reconfigure metabolism to minimize defense costs and optimize fitness in complex environments. In this study, NaMYC2a/b genes were silenced in Nicotiana attenuata, resulting in higher growth and fitness in environments with reduced herbivores but lower fitness in high herbivore-load environments. The presence of competitors and mobile herbivores led to lower fitness in single-genotype setups but increased fitness in mixed-genotype setups. MYC2 TFs play a crucial role in the reconfiguration of primary and specialized metabolism for plants to optimize their fitness in complex environments.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yanrong You, Rishav Ray, Rayko Halitschke, Gundega Baldwin, Ian T. Baldwin
Summary: Hydroxy- and carboxyblumenol C-glucosides specifically accumulate in roots and leaves of plants harboring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Silencing the key gene CCD1 in blumenol biosynthesis resulted in changes in blumenol and AMF-specific lipid accumulations, and the relationship between them. Blumenol accumulations reflect plant fitness when grown in isolation, but predict fitness outcomes when grown with competitors.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xinjue Wang, Yumeng Chen, Shuting Liu, Wenjie Fu, Yunqi Zhuang, Jie Xu, Yonggen Lou, Ian T. Baldwin, Ran Li
Summary: Phytohormones called jasmonates (JAs) play important roles in plant development and response to environmental stresses, but the JA receptors in rice remain unstudied. In this study, the researchers investigated the functionality and regulatory mechanisms of three rice COI receptors, OsCOI1a, OsCOI1b, and OsCOI2. The results showed that all three OsCOIs are JA receptors and are involved in regulating different downstream responses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mengyu Liu, Gaojie Hong, Huijing Li, Xiaoli Bing, Yumeng Chen, Xiangfeng Jing, Jonathan Gershenzon, Yonggen Lou, Ian T. Baldwin, Ran Li
Summary: Plants produce chemical defenses to poison or deter insect herbivores, but these defenses may also affect the beneficial endosymbionts of the herbivores. This study found that rice produces an antifungal flavonoid phytoalexin in response to attack by a pest, which inhibits the pest's beneficial endosymbionts.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jianqiang Wu
Summary: A new study reveals that young maize leaves emit indole and terpenes in response to green leaf volatile compounds, while mature leaves show minimal responses.
Article
Plant Sciences
Maitree Pradhan, Ian T. Baldwin, Shree P. Pandey
Summary: Plants interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and alter the expression of miRNAs and their targets. The role of an Argonaute protein in regulating this interaction remains unknown. In this study, the silencing of NaAGO7 reduced the competitive ability of plants under low-P conditions without affecting their development. The roots of NaAGO7-silenced plants were over-colonized with AMF but accumulated less phosphate, and the expression of AMF-specific transporters was deregulated. Overexpression of certain miRNAs decreased plant fitness and downregulated targets in GA, ethylene, and fatty acid metabolism pathways.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gaochen Jin, Jinfeng Qi, Hongyue Zu, Shuting Liu, Jonathan Gershenzon, Yonggen Lou, Ian T. Baldwin, Ran Li
Summary: Plant defense against herbivores is costly and often leads to growth repression. The phytohormone jasmonate (JA) plays a key role in prioritizing defense over growth during herbivore attack, but the mechanisms are not well understood. This study demonstrates that JA signaling enhances gibberellin (GA) catabolism mediated by GA2ox enzymes, resulting in growth inhibition in rice plants attacked by brown planthoppers (BPH). JA signaling activates defense responses and GA catabolism concurrently, optimizing resource allocation in attacked plants and providing a mechanism for phytohormone crosstalk.
Article
Plant Sciences
Suhua Li, Gundega Baldwin, Caiqiong Yang, Ruirui Lu, Shuaishuai Meng, Jianbei Huang, Ming Wang, Ian T. Baldwin
Summary: The study reveals the impact of factors such as day length, UV radiation, and light intensity on plant growth and adaptation through the investigation of differentially expressed gene irMAX2. The research also emphasizes the importance of studying gene function in natural environments.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Lei Wang, Canrong Ma, Shuanghua Wang, Fei Yang, Yan Sun, Jinxiang Tang, Ji Luo, Jianqiang Wu
Summary: Touch induces ethylene production in Arabidopsis, which regulates GA metabolism through the ET and JA pathways to fine-tune GA4 content during thigmomorphogenesis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiancai Li, Ian T. Baldwin, Dapeng Li
Summary: Recent advancements in the understanding of biosynthetic pathways for plant-derived natural products have surpassed our knowledge of their function in plants and their influence on plant fitness in nature. Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) undergo post-ingestive modifications essential for their function. Comparisons of plant natural product biosynthesis and insect metabolism of the same plant tissues can help identify molecular targets of effective chemical defenses and understand post-ingestive metabolite interactions in insects. These parallel investigations, conducted at the metabolome level, can contribute to rapid evolutions of insecticide resistance inspired by PSMs. Additionally, the concept of frass metabolite QTL analysis integrates genetic approaches with frassomics to advance our understanding of PSM biosynthesis and function.
NATURAL PRODUCT REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jingxiong Zhang, Yuxing Xu, Jing Xie, Huifu Zhuang, Hui Liu, Guojing Shen, Jianqiang Wu
Summary: Dodder is a parasitic plant that can transfer nitrogen systemic signals between hosts with different nitrogen levels, regulating transcriptome and methylome changes in the recipient hosts. This study also found that under nitrogen stress conditions, dodder facilitates bilateral nitrogen systemic signaling between different hosts, impacting inter-plant mobile mRNAs.
