Article
Fisheries
Neila Alvarez de Haro, Andre P. Van, Calum T. Robb, Adriano G. Rossi, Andrew P. Desbois
Summary: This study investigated the release of extracellular traps (ETs) by immune cells of Atlantic salmon, revealing significant stimulation of ET release by calcium ionophore and the fish pathogenic bacterium A. salmonicida. Microscopic observations showed bacteria associated with ETs, with reduced bacterial colonies recovered after co-incubation with neutrophils induced to release ETs. Interestingly, spontaneous ET release was inversely associated with fish mass, indicating a potential role in innate immunity and host-pathogen interaction in protecting against infectious diseases in cultured stocks.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alexandra Ehrens, Nikolas Ruediger, Lennart Heepmann, Lara Linnemann, Wiebke Hartmann, Marc P. Huebner, Minka Breloer
Summary: This study demonstrates that parasitic nematodes like hookworms are intercepted and killed primarily in the skin and muscle tissue during the first infection, with more efficient inhibition of larval migration at the entry site during a second infection. Neutrophils and eosinophils play a central role in capturing larvae in tissue, while eosinophils are dependent on anti-S. ratti antibodies and neutrophils inhibit larval motility. Additionally, MPO and MMP-9 released by neutrophils in response to larval activity are further stimulated by immune plasma in an antibody-dependent manner.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Edgar Ramos-Martinez, Leticia Hernandez-Gonzalez, Ivan Ramos-Martinez, Laura Perez-Campos Mayoral, Georgina Lopez-Cortes, Eduardo Perez-Campos, Gabriel Mayoral Andrade, Maria Teresa Hernandez-Huerta, Marco Jose
Summary: Extracellular DNA traps (ETs) are evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial mechanisms found in protozoa, plants, and animals. By comparing similarities in ETs across different taxa, it is suggested that ETs may have multiple origins. The presence of a mechanism initiating the formation of ETs in multicellular organisms indicates a relationship between multicellularity and the development of ETs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Christopher J. Brianik, Younes Bouallagui, Bassem Allam
Summary: This study provides a novel, simple, and inexpensive method for consistent stimulation of extracellular traps (ET) in eastern oyster hemocytes. The findings demonstrate that ETs are strong antimicrobials against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and suggest that agranulocytes may be the primary ET effector cells in C. virginica. This study is the first to describe extracellular traps in C. virginica and highlights the potential benefits of using triploid animals to further understand ETosis and its regulatory factors.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Salti Talal, Khoury Mona, Awad Karem, Lerenthal Yaniv, Harari-Misgav Reut, Shemesh Ariel, Avraham-Kelbert Moran, Eitam Harel, Salvatore Campisi-Pinto, Abu-Amna Mahmoud, Colodner Raul, Tovbin David, Bar-Sela Gil, Cohen Idan
Summary: In this study, it was found that patients undergoing hemodialysis have impaired neutrophil functionality, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Targeting NETosis may reduce the occurrence and mortality rate of infections in these patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia Aguila, Ascension M. de los Reyes-Garcia, Maria P. Fernandez-Perez, Laura Reguilon-Gallego, Laura Zapata-Martinez, Inmaculada Ruiz-Lorente, Vicente Vicente, Rocio Gonzalez-Conejero, Constantino Martinez
Summary: This article summarizes the formation mechanism and regulatory elements of Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), as well as the role of miRNAs associated with various inflammatory pathologies. miRNAs, as small non-coding RNAs, play important regulatory roles in various pathological processes and may become therapeutic targets for preventing inflammatory diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Jingxuan Xia, Zhiyuan Zhang, Yijin Huang, Yufei Wang, Guangwei Liu
Summary: This article summarizes the formation process of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), their regulatory role in tumor development, and treatment methods based on NETs. NETs have the ability to awaken latent tumor cells and promote their proliferation and development, while also inhibiting tumor growth. These advancements provide a theoretical basis for the development of NET-targeted drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caren Linnemann, Filiz Sahin, Yangmengfan Chen, Karsten Falldorf, Michael Ronniger, Tina Histing, Andreas K. Nussler, Sabrina Ehnert
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 16 Hz extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. The study found that ELF-PEMF exposure did not induce reactive oxygen species and Ca2+-influx in neutrophils, and it reduced the amount of NET release. Therefore, ELF-PEMF exposure can be started immediately after fracture treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Juliana da Costa Silva, Glaucia de Azevedo Thompson-Souza, Marina Valente Barroso, Josiane Sabbadini Neves, Rodrigo Tinoco Figueiredo
Summary: Fungal infections are a global health problem, with neutrophils and eosinophils playing key roles in controlling fungal infections by releasing extracellular traps (ETs) that exhibit antifungal activities.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Luca Modestino, Leonardo Cristinziano, Marialuisa Trocchia, Annagioia Ventrici, Mariaelena Capone, Gabriele Madonna, Stefania Loffredo, Anne Lise Ferrara, Marilena Romanelli, Ester Simeone, Gilda Varricchi, Francesca Wanda Rossi, Amato de Paulis, Gianni Marone, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Maria Rosaria Galdiero
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and their related mediators in human melanoma. The findings showed that melanoma cell lines produce soluble factors that promote PMN chemotaxis, survival, activation, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Furthermore, patients with advanced melanoma displayed increased circulating levels of neutrophil-related mediators and NETs. Further investigation is needed to better understand the impact of tumor-educated neutrophils on melanoma cell behavior.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nastaran Rezaei, Matthias Zadory, Samuel Babity, Sylvie Marleau, Davide Brambilla
Summary: Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in human circulation, play a crucial role in innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulated neutrophil activity contributes to the development of various diseases, making them a potential target for treatment. Additionally, their tropism can be used to deliver therapeutic agents to specific disease sites. This article reviews the nanomedicine approaches to target neutrophils, regulate their function, and utilize their tropism for drug delivery purposes.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cesar Diaz-Godinez, Joshue Fabian Jorge-Rosas, Mario Nequiz, Santiago Martinez-Calvillo, Juan P. Laclette, Carlos Rosales, Julio C. Carrero
Summary: In the interaction between Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites and neutrophils, the ROS generated by trophozoites and processed by MPO during contact are essential for inducing NETosis.
Article
Rheumatology
Sicilia Rezende Oliveira, Jose Alcides Almeida de Arruda, Ayda Henriques Schneider, Valessa Florindo Carvalho, Caio Cavalcante Machado, Joice Dias Correa, Marcela Faria Moura, Leticia Fernanda Duffles, Flavio Falcao Lima de Souza, Gilda Aparecida Ferreira, Fernando Oliveira Costa, Lucas Guimaraes Abreu, Mario Taba Junior, Sandra Yasuyo Fukada, Rene Donizeti Ribeiro de Oliveira, Paulo Louzada-Junior, Fernando de Queiroz Cunha, Tarcilia Aparecida Silva
Summary: This study reveals a potential link between periodontitis and RA through the involvement of NETs, and periodontal therapy can dramatically affect circulating NET levels.
Review
Immunology
Ya-Jui Lin, Kuo-Chen Wei, Pin-Yuan Chen, Michael Lim, Tsong-Long Hwang
Summary: This review discusses the role and importance of neutrophils in brain cancer, as well as the correlation between neutrophils and prognosis of glioma and brain metastases. It also explores the phenotypes and functions of tumor-associated neutrophils, and the effects of various treatments on neutrophils.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Gunnar Pejler, Sultan Alanazi, Mirjana Grujic, Jeremy Adler, Anna-Karin Olsson, Christian P. Sommerhoff, Fabio Rabelo Melo
Summary: The study shows that mast cell tryptase can significantly enhance the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and bind to NETs, causing proteolysis of core histones. Tryptase also increases the release of neutrophil granule compounds. Furthermore, NET-contained DNA can maintain tryptase activity in the extracellular milieu and efficiently degrade pro-inflammatory compounds.
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
(2022)
