Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ainur Mukhatayeva, Aidana Mustafa, Natalya Dzissyuk, Alpamys Issanov, Bauyrzhan Bayserkin, Sten H. Vermund, Syed Ali
Summary: Contrary to global trends, HIV prevalence in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries is increasing, with a significant proportion of HIV positive individuals co-infected with HCV, TB, HBV, and STI. The study emphasizes the need for regular screening for HCV infection among HIV patients and the implementation of vaccination protocols against HBV and TB. Additionally, harm reduction efforts targeting persons who inject drugs are crucial, including opiate substitution therapy, needle exchange programs, regular screening, and improved access to ART and direct acting antivirals.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Rosario Quiroga Ferrufino, Camila Rodrigues, Gerusa Maria Figueiredo, Daniel Gleison, Silvia Yapura, Maria Laura Mariano de Matos, Steven S. S. Witkin, Maria Cassia Mendes-Correa
Summary: The study aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of recently acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the frequency of its spontaneous clearance in people living with HIV. Medical records of PLWH at an HIV outpatient clinic in Sao Paulo, Brazil were reviewed, and individuals who acquired HCV infection between January 2015 and December 2017 were identified. The factors associated with subsequent spontaneous clearance of HCV were analyzed.
Article
Immunology
Iona Smith, Bengu Said, Aisling Vaughan, Becky Haywood, Samreen Ljaz, Claire Reynolds, Su Brailsford, Katherine Russell, Dilys Morgan
Summary: Hepatitis E virus is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in England, with previous studies linking it to consumption of pork products. This study found that eating bacon, cured pork meats, and pigs' liver were significantly associated with HEV infection, highlighting the importance of appropriate animal husbandry practices in reducing the risk of infection.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Miao-Hui Huang, Hsin-Yun Sun, Shu-Yuan Ho, Sui-Yuan Chang, Szu-Min Hsieh, Wang-Huei Sheng, Yu-Chung Chuang, Yu-Shan Huang, Li-Hsin Su, Wen-Chun Liu, Yi-Ching Su, Chien-Ching Hung
Summary: Little is known about the engagement in hepatitis C virus (HCV) care and completion of HCV treatment in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) who have HCV coinfection in the Asia-Pacific region. Our study suggests that more efforts are needed to expedite the linkage of PLWH diagnosed with incident HCV infections to HCV treatment, although anti-HCV therapies are effective in achieving viral clearance.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
A. Gonzalez-Serna, J. Macias, R. Palacios, C. Gomez-Ayerbe, F. Tellez, A. Rivero-Juarez, M. Fernandez, J. Santos, L. M. Real, C. M. Gonzalez-Domenech, J. Gomez-Mateos, J. A. Pineda
Summary: The research results show that the incidence of RAHC among HIV-infected patients has decreased after 2016, but there are still residual cases. The reinfection of HCV also shows a similar pattern, with new infections associated with sharing chem-sex drugs among MSM.
Article
Virology
Ngoc Minh Hien Phan, Helen M. Faddy, Robert L. Flower, Wayne J. Dimech, Kirsten M. Spann, Eileen Roulis
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the molecular diversity of the HBV small surface gene from HBV-reactive Australian blood donors. The results showed that HBV small surface gene sequences from Australian donors demonstrated a lower level of genetic diversity than those from non-Australian donor population included in the study.
Article
Surgery
Brian J. Boyarsky, Alexandra T. Strauss, Dorry L. Segev
Summary: The gap between organ demand and supply leads to significant loss of life each year, but utilizing organs from donors with HIV or HCV can help alleviate the shortage. Initiating transplantation practices for HIV D+/R+ and utilizing HCV+ donor organs for HCV- recipients have been effective strategies in reducing waiting times and increasing organ availability.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gail V. Matthews, Sanjay Bhagani, Marc Van der Valk, Juergen Rockstroh, Jordan J. Feld, Andri Rauch, Christine Thurnheer, Julie Bruneau, Arthur Kim, Margaret Hellard, David Shaw, Ed Gane, Mark Nelson, Patrick Ingiliz, Tanya L. Applegate, Jason Grebely, Phillipa Marks, Marianne Martinello, Kathy Petoumenos, Gregory J. Dore
Summary: In this randomised study comparing a 6-week course to a 12-week course of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir for recent HCV infection, the shorter course did not meet the criteria for non-inferiority. The study was halted early on advice of the data safety and monitoring board due to lack of efficacy in the 6-week arm.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Emily Jay Nicholls, Nicoletta Policek, Alain Volny-Anne, Bruno Spire, Fiona Burns, Elisa Ruiz-Burga, Shema Tariq, C. A. S. C. A. D. E. Collaboration CASCADE Collaboration
Summary: This systematic review and narrative synthesis of qualitative literature on recently acquired HIV provides insights into the contextual factors underlying HIV acquisition. The study finds that further research is needed to explore the emotional impact of indeterminate test results and negotiate risk reduction, as well as to investigate sexual risk, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and treatment as prevention in the context of recently acquired HIV.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jingya Jia, Qiuying Zhu, Luojia Deng, Guanghua Lan, Andrew Johnson, Huanhuan Chen, Zhiyong Shen, Jianjun Li, Hui Xing, Yuhua Ruan, Jing Li, Hui Lu, Sten H. Vermund, Jinhui Zhu, Han-Zhu Qian
Summary: This study evaluated the impacts of HBV/HCV coinfections on treatment drop-out and mortality among PLWH on ART in China. The results showed that HBV and HCV coinfection may have an additive effect on increasing the risk of all-cause death among PLWH who are on ART.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mohd Fawad Farooq Khan, Kamran Afzal, S. H. Arif, Shadma Shahin
Summary: The prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C in prospective blood donors deferred due to a history of jaundice of unknown cause did not differ significantly from that in healthy donors. The current practice of permanently deferring such donors may reduce the donor pool, so further validation is needed for a strategy of rejecting only those donors who tested positive in pre-donation rapid tests.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Le Chang, Ying Yan, Huimin Ji, Huizhen Sun, Xinyi Jiang, Zhuoqun Lu, Lunan Wang
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of HDV infection among blood donors in China and found a low seroprevalence rate of HDV infection. The risk of HDV transmission through blood transfusion was also found to be low.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jacinta O'Keefe, Lilly Tracy, Lilly Yuen, Sara Bonanzinga, Xin Li, Brian Chong, Suellen Nicholson, Kathy Jackson
Summary: This study is the first to describe HEV isolates in Australia, indicating that HEV may be acquired during overseas travel or locally through consumption of pork. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed clusters of infection originating from India and Pakistan.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Pierre Cappy, Quentin Lucas, Nakourogou Kankarafou, Camille Sureau, Syria Laperche
Summary: Following a study demonstrating the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in transmitting hepatitis D virus (HDV) in a liver-humanized mouse model, a large cohort of HCV-positive blood donors were screened for HDV markers. However, no evidence of HCV-assisted propagation of HDV in humans was found.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Maisuri T. Chalid, Turyadi, Susan I. Ie, Rizalinda Sjahril, Ridha Wahyuni, M. Nasrum Massi, David H. Muljono
Summary: This study examines the HBV characteristics and potential risk of mother-to-child transmission among HBeAg-negative/HBsAg-positive expectant mothers in an area with a high prevalence of e-CHB. It highlights the importance of considering antiviral prophylaxis eligibility in situations with limited resources and in regions where e-CHB is prevalent, as some HBeAg-negative mothers may still pose a high transmission risk.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Endrya do Socorro Foro Ramos, Ulisses Alves Rosa, Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro, Fabiola Villanova, Flavio Augusto de Padua Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Vanessa dos Santos Morais, Mayara Bertanhe, Roberta Marcatti, Emerson Luiz Lima Araujo, Steven S. Witkin, Eric Delwart, Adriana Luchs, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Elcio Leal
Summary: A study in Brazil reported the complete genome sequences of nine echoviruses obtained by next-generation sequencing, revealing diverse echovirus genotypes in the Brazilian environment. Phylogenetic analysis showed significant differences in the E1 and E29 strains in Brazil compared to global strains.
Article
Virology
Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro, Danielle Elise Gill, Edcelha Soares D. Athaide Ribeiro, Fred Julio Costa Monteiro, Vanessa S. Morais, Roberta Marcatti, Marlisson Octavio da S. Rego, Emerson Luiz Lima Araujo, Steven S. Witkin, Fabiola Villanova, Xutao Deng, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Eric Delwart, Elcio Leal, Antonio Charlys da Costa
Summary: This study analyzed the molecular epidemiological dynamics of DENV circulating in the Brazilian state of Amapa, identifying DENV-1 BR4 lineage introduced possibly from other states in northern Brazil around early 2010. Unique amino acid substitutions were found in the DENV-1 isolates from Amapa, indicating the potential of this new lineage to drive outbreaks of dengue in the Amazon region.
Article
Virology
Alvin Hui, Eda Altan, Nathan Slovis, Caitlin Fletcher, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart
Summary: Through viral metagenomics, a new species of Circovirus, equine circovirus 1 (EqCV1), was identified in a pregnant mare with fever and hepatitis. EqCV1 showed similarities to pig circoviruses and elk circovirus, indicating its evolutionary relationship. Further studies are needed to determine the disease-causing potential of EqCV1 and its prevalence in different equine populations.
Article
Virology
Eda Altan, Alvin Hui, Yanpeng Li, Patricia Pesavento, Javier Asin, Beate Crossley, Xutao Deng, Francisco A. Uzal, Eric Delwart
Summary: A study conducted viral metagenomics analysis on six foals with interstitial pneumonia from Southern California, identifying new equine copiparvovirus and other previously uncharacterized viruses in the samples. The study also detected multiple infections of different viruses in some of the foals, highlighting the potential complexity of viral infections in these cases.
Article
Microbiology
Fabiola Villanova, Roberta Marcatti, Mayara Bertanhe, Vanessa dos Santos Morais, Flavio Augusto de Padua Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Emerson Luiz Lima Araujo, Roozbeh Tahmasebi, Steven S. Witkin, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Cassio Hamilton Abreu-Junior, Elcio Leal, Antonio Charlys da Costa
Summary: Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) has been identified in various plants globally, including in multiple states in Brazil. The study found SqMV in human feces collected in Tocantins, with no evidence of related symptoms. Analysis showed a presence of multiple viruses in fecal samples from diarrhea patients, with at least 4 known to cause gastrointestinal symptoms.
Review
Oncology
Brittany N. Chao, Danielle M. Carrick, Kelly K. Filipski, Stefanie A. Nelson
Summary: The immune system plays a crucial role in cancer risk, initiation, and progression. Studies have shown that genetic variations in immune-related genes may potentially affect responses to cancer treatments. Further research and understanding of these genetic variations can help optimize cancer treatment.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna M. Kearns, Michael G. Campana, Beth Slikas, Lainie Berry, Takema Saitoh, Alice Cibois, Robert C. Fleischer
Summary: Genomics plays a crucial role in conservation, providing insights into the impacts of population declines, inbreeding, loss of genetic variation and hybridization. This study used ancient DNA methods to investigate the population dynamics of the near-extinct Mariana Islands reedwarbler radiation, highlighting the importance of conservation genomics studies for understanding and managing threatened populations.
Article
Virology
Eric Delwart, Michael J. Tisza, Eda Altan, Yanpeng Li, Xutao Deng, Dennis J. Hartigan-O'Connor, Amir Ardeshir
Summary: The recent changes in treatment have reduced the lethality of idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD), but it still remains a common cause of death in rhesus macaques. Comparison of viral metagenomics in fecal swabs from ICD animals and healthy controls did not find any strong associations between specific viruses and ICD.
Article
Virology
Endrya do Socorro Foro Ramos, Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro, Fabiola Villanova, Flavio Augusto de Padua Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Emerson Luiz Lima Araujo, Ramendra Pati Pandey, V. Samuel Raj, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Adriana Luchs, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Elcio Leal
Summary: Metagenomics based on NGS was used to characterize the enteric virome of 250 individuals with gastroenteritis in northeastern and northern Brazil. The study revealed common viral sequences associated with GI, as well as emerging human viruses and viral contigs from various sources. This approach proved to be a powerful tool for detecting and characterizing a wide range of viruses in clinical GI samples.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nicola Pusterla, Kaitlyn James, Samantha Barnum, Eric Delwart
Summary: A study on three newly identified equine parvoviruses found no statistically significant association between the viruses and clinical presentation of respiratory disease in horses, based on comparisons between horses with respiratory signs and clinically healthy horses.
Article
Virology
Eric Delwart, David Merriam, Amir Ardeshir, Eda Altan, Yanpeng Li, Xutao Deng, Dennis J. Hartigan-O'Connor
Summary: Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) is a common clinical problem in captive rhesus macaques, and viral metagenomics analysis revealed the presence of multiple viruses in the digestive tract tissues of animals with ICD. The distribution of viral reads varied between different gut tissues from the same animal, and in situ hybridization showed staining for both RNA and DNA viruses in the distal colon. The location of enteric viral nucleic acid differed widely between different viral families and along the length of the digestive tract.
Article
Virology
Fabiola Villanova, Flavio Augusto de Padua Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Emerson Luiz Lima Araujo, Ramendra Pati Pandey, V. Samuel Raj, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Adriana Luchs, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Elcio Leal
Summary: Putative replication-associated protein (REP) and capsid-like (CAP) proteins from CRESS DNA have been found in samples from various eukaryotic groups, but their life cycles and significance in diseases are not well-established. In this study, two full-length CRESS DNA genomes were analyzed from children with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil. The genomes showed similarity to a prior CRESS DNA sequence from a monkey in the United States, indicating a diverse group of porprismacoviruses in South America. The finding of closely related sequences in humans and monkeys highlights the zoonotic potential of these viruses.
Article
Virology
Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro, Danielle Elise Gill, Endrya do Socorro Foro Ramos, Fabiola Villanova, Edcelha Soares D'Athaide Ribeiro, Fred Julio Costa Monteiro, Vanessa S. Morais, Marlisson Octavio da S. Rego, Emerson Luiz Lima Araujo, Ramendra Pati Pandey, V. Samuel Raj, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Elcio Leal
Summary: The simultaneous transmission of two lineages of CHIKV was discovered in Brazil. The Asian lineage was restricted to the Amazon region, while the East-Central-South-African lineage expanded across the country. Despite similar climatic conditions and mosquito vector frequencies, the spread of CHIKV differed between states.
Article
Virology
Endrya do Socorro Foro Ramos, Wandercleyson Uchoa Abreu, Luis Reginaldo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Luis Fernando Marinho, Vanessa dos Santos Morais, Fabiola Villanova, Ramendra Pati Pandey, Emerson Luiz Lima Araujo, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Elcio Leal
Summary: A new CHPV, a recently characterized genus of the Parvoviridae family, was identified in bat samples in North Brazil. The sequences of this CHPV are likely a new species within the genus Chaphamaparvovirus, showing a high level of specificity between CHPV and its hosts.
Article
Virology
Yanpeng Li, Eda Altan, Gabriel Reyes, Brian Halstead, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart
Summary: This study characterized the virome in guano from various bat species in Northern California, identifying novel viral genomes and detecting sequences of known viruses in other bat species. The presence of canine and mouse parvoviruses in bat guano suggests contamination by carnivores and rodents. Further research is needed to fully understand the viral diversity in bats and the potential for cross-species transmission.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)