Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhoupeng Li, Dehui Kong, Yongsheng Liu, Mingkai Li
Summary: Virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a lack of available therapeutic agents for most viruses. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of coumarin derivatives as antiviral agents, making them important for the inhibition of various viruses.
Article
Virology
Isabelle M. Castro, Michael J. Ricciardi, Lucas Gonzalez-Nieto, Eva G. Rakasz, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ronald C. Desrosiers, David Watkins, Mauricio A. Martins
Summary: This study tracks the long-term effects of an AIDS vaccine on rhesus macaques, showing sustained anti-SIV immune responses and successful protection against a second round of rectal SIV exposure. These findings are relevant for the development of HIV vaccines.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Nongthombam Boby, Alyssa Ransom, Barcley T. Pace, Kelsey M. Williams, Christopher Mabee, Arpita Das, Sudesh K. Srivastav, Edith Porter, Bapi Pahar
Summary: Increased production of TGF-beta was observed in intestinal CD3(-)CD20(-)CD68(+) cells from SIV-infected rhesus macaques, which negatively correlated with the frequency of jejunum CD4(+) T cells. Disruption of a negative feedback loop mediated by SMAD7 may enhance TGF-beta production and SMAD-dependent signaling in SIV infection.
Article
Virology
Sanath Kumar Janaka, Alexandra V. Palumbo, Aidin Tavakoli-Tameh, David T. Evans
Summary: The Nef proteins of HIV-1 and SIV enhance viral infectivity by preventing the incorporation of SERINC5 into virions. By systematically mapping Nef residues required for SERINC5 antagonism, it was found that separating this function allows comparison of replication in viruses that are or are not sensitive to SERINC5, revealing its impact on SIV replication in primary rhesus macaque CD4(+)T cells.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Anna J. Jasinska, Ivona Pandrea, Cristian Apetrei
Summary: CCR5 is a chemokine receptor that plays a central role in immune responses and inflammation. It is involved in the pathogenesis of various health conditions, including HIV infection. Natural loss-of-function mutations of CCR5 can render individuals resistant to HIV. In addition, many African nonhuman primate species have developed strategies to minimize the effects of SIV infection by modulating CCR5 activity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Sanath Kumar Janaka, Brian J. Snow, Ryan T. Behrens, David T. Evans
Summary: Tetherin is a protein that prevents viruses from detaching from infected cells by physically tethering them to cellular membranes. SIV Nef downmodulates simian tetherin to overcome this restriction in nonhuman primate hosts. In addition to counteracting tetherin, SIV Nef has a number of other functions, including downmodulating other proteins from the cell surface. Researchers have engineered an infectious molecular clone of SIV with substitutions in Nef that separate tetherin antagonism from other Nef functions. This study demonstrates the importance of tetherin antagonism for optimal replication of SIV in primary CD4(+) T cells.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xiuchong Yu, Yaoyao Xie, Shuangshuang Zhang, Xuemei Song, Bingxiu Xiao, Zhilong Yan
Summary: tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a new category of noncoding RNAs with distinct biological functions in cancers and stress-induced diseases. They can regulate cellular processes through different mechanisms, such as participating in posttranscriptional regulation and interfering with translation. The dysregulation of tRFs may have important clinical implications, serving as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various cancers.
Article
Virology
Bahman Abedi Kiasari, Fatemeh Hoda Fallah, Mohammad Kazem Koohi, Phelipe Magalhaes Duarte, Sina Salajegheh Tazerji, Mohamed Fawzy
Summary: This study found that the respiratory tract can be infected by SV40 in immunocompetent patients, and it may serve as a route of transmission or a site for virus persistence. Moreover, the high rate of co-infection suggests that SV40 may not be involved in respiratory diseases.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Seiichi Kato, Hisatoshi Shida, Tomotaka Okamura, Xianfeng Zhang, Tomoyuki Miura, Tetsu Mukai, Makoto Inoue, Tsugumine Shu, Taeko K. Naruse, Akinori Kimura, Yasuhiro Yasutomi, Kazuhiro Matsuo
Summary: This study developed a urease-deficient bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and demonstrated its protective efficacy against SIV infection in Asian-origin cynomolgus monkeys. Strong immune responses were observed in some monkeys post-vaccination, leading to protection against SIV infection in a portion of the vaccinated animals.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Harry J. Whitlow, Naresh T. Deoli, Armin de Vera, Karen Morgan, Francois Villinger
Summary: The study used PIXE to compare jejunal tissue samples from simian immunodeficiency virus-infected and control rhesus macaques, revealing significant differences in the concentrations of titanium, manganese, and iron between viremic and control tissues, likely due to the animals ingesting paint fragments from their cages.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Saori Matsuoka, Takeo Kuwata, Hiroshi Ishii, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Makoto Kuroda, Masato Sano, Midori Okazaki, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Mikiko Shimizu, Shuzo Matsushita, Yohei Seki, Akatsuki Saito, Hiromi Sakawaki, Vanessa M. Hirsch, Tomoyuki Miura, Hirofumi Akari, Tetsuro Matano
Summary: This study found a potent antibody induction associated with germ line BCR/antibody Ig gene polymorphism in rhesus macaques infected with SIV. The results demonstrate that a single nucleotide polymorphism in germ line Ig genes could be a determinant for induction of potent antibodies against virus infection. Germ line BCR/antibody Ig gene polymorphisms may be a factor restricting effective antibody induction or responsiveness to vaccination.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Shirley E. Braspenning, Georges M. G. M. Verjans, Tamana Mehraban, Ilhem Messaoudi, Daniel P. Depledge, Werner J. D. Ouwendijk
Summary: This study annotates the transcriptome of simian varicella virus (SVV) in African green monkey and rhesus macaque cells, revealing numerous RNA isoforms, splicing events, and non-coding RNAs unique to SVV. The expression of canonical and newly identified SVV transcripts was verified in vivo, and a detailed characterization of the SVV homolog of the VZV latency-associated transcript highlighted conservation between SVV and VZV core exons. The complexity of SVV gene expression and insights into lytic and latent SVV infection were further elucidated, underscoring the value of the SVV non-human primate model for developing strategies against herpes zoster.
Article
Microbiology
Claire E. Otero, Richard Barfield, Elizabeth Scheef, Cody S. Nelson, Nicole Rodgers, Hsuan-Yuan Wang, Matilda J. Mostrom, Tabitha D. Manuel, Julian Sass, Kimberli Schmidt, Husam Taher, Courtney Papen, Lesli Sprehe, Savannah Kendall, Angel Davalos, Peter A. Barry, Klaus Fruh, Justin Pollara, Daniel Malouli, Cliburn Chan, Amitinder Kaur, Sallie R. Permar
Summary: The study found that in healthy individuals, maternal plasma virus levels and antibody responses are not associated with cCMV following primary maternal infection. Except for CD4+ cell-depleted dams, there were no significant differences in virus levels and antibody responses between immunocompetent dams with and without AF-positive results in terms of cCMV transmission.
Article
Biology
Takafumi Oda, Kwang Su Kim, Yasuhisa Fujita, Yusuke Ito, Tomoyuki Miura, Shingo Iwami
Summary: SHIVs serve as appropriate animal models for HIV due to the narrow host range of HIV. Different strains of SHIVs, such as SHIV-KS661 and SHIV-#64, exhibit varied pathogenesis, with differences in CD4(+) T cell depletion and host immune responses. The basic reproduction number, rather than SHIV strains, plays a key role in determining systemic CD4(+)T cell depletion and subsequent antibody responses.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Natasja G. de Groot, Corrine M. C. Heijmans, Suzanne Bezstarosti, Jesse Bruijnesteijn, Geert W. Haasnoot, Arend Mulder, Frans H. J. Claas, Sebastiaan Heidt, Ronald E. Bontrop
Summary: MHC class I molecules are crucial for adaptive immune responses and mismatches between MHC allotypes can trigger alloimmune responses in transplantation. Rhesus macaques are valuable for transplantation research and vaccine evaluation, and human HLA-specific monoclonal antibodies can be used to detect the presence of specific Mamu molecules in vitro. The identified human HLA-reactive mAbs, OK4F9 and OK4F10, can recognize Mamu allotypes and may be valuable tools for monitoring and research in SIV-related studies.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)