Reconstitution inflammatory syndrome related to histoplasmosis, with a hemophagocytic syndrome in HIV infection

Immune reconstitution after initiation of antiretroviral therapy may unmask a latent infection. We report a case of disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum capsulatum infection associated with a hemophagocytic syndrome in an HIV-infected patient, three weeks after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome might be a risk factor for hemophagocytosis. (C) 2008 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.