Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Xiaodi Li, Pengfei Yuan, Haiyuan Yang, Xiaoqing Zong, Caiqi Yang, Xinjie Chen, Yuchao Li, Xiaodie Yan, Yaoqi Wen, Tianci Zhu, Qian Zhang, Wei Xue, Jian Dai
Summary: A novel virus-like nanotherapeutic (siRNA@HCM) is developed to enhance the antitumor immune response. It achieves this by improving tumor intrinsic MHC-I antigen presentation and promoting dendritic cell maturation. The use of siRNA@HCM also turns cold tumors into hot tumors and enhances the therapeutic effect of programmed death-1 inhibitor.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Leon C. W. Lin, Sarah N. Croft, Nathan P. Croft, Yik Chun Wong, Stewart A. Smith, Swee-Seong Tang, Anthony W. Purcell, David C. Tscharke
Summary: The study investigated the CD8(+) T cell priming pathways for Vaccinia virus (VACV) by engineering the virus to express inhibitors of antigen presentation. While the inhibitors had diverse impacts on CD8(+) T cell responses, unexpectedly, the direct priming of CD8(+) T cells by poxviruses was robust enough to withstand potent viral inhibitors of antigen presentation. This demonstrates the flexibility and robustness of immune processes in activating immune responses required to fight infection.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Ray A. Ohara, Kenneth M. Murphy
Summary: Cross-priming, initially recognized in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, involves the presentation of minor histocompatibility antigens by antigen presenting cells (APCs) derived from immunizing cells. As understanding of T cell receptor antigen recognition progressed, cross-priming was redefined as cross-presentation and expanded to include different forms of antigens and APCs not involved in in vivo CTL priming. In vitro cell models have been utilized for studying cross-presentation, but recent studies have shown differences between these models and in vivo APCs. Current research focuses on validating in vivo pathways and gene candidates for cross-presentation, and evaluating their contributions to CTL responses across different antigens and immunologic settings.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhenyu Wang, Tingting You, Chengyuan Cai, Qianyi Su, Jinmei Cheng, Jisheng Xiao, Xiaopin Duan
Summary: In this study, a virus-like gold nanostructure (AuNV) was found to effectively bind to and be internalized by dendritic cells (DCs), promoting their maturation and the cross-presentation of ovalbumin (OVA). AuNV delivered OVA to draining lymph nodes and inhibited the growth of MC38-OVA tumors by 80%. Mechanistic studies revealed that the AuNV-OVA vaccine increased DC maturation, OVA presentation, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte populations, while decreasing myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cell populations.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Jiri Brezina, Matous Voboril, Dominik Filipp
Summary: The evolution of the adaptive immune system leads to the generation of self-reactive clones, which must be eliminated to prevent autoimmunity. This process occurs in the thymic medulla, where the interaction between T cell receptor and self-peptide MHC complexes determines the fate of thymocytes. Thymic antigen presenting cells, including medullary thymic epithelial cells and dendritic cells, play a fundamental role in presenting self-antigens in the thymus for the establishment of T cell central tolerance. Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneity of these cell subsets and their roles in T cell selection processes, adding complexity to our understanding. Identification of molecular determinants controlling the presentation of self-antigens would advance our knowledge in this area.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Miguel Rodriguez, Antoinette A. Danvers, Carolina Sanabia, Siobhan M. Dolan
Summary: Pregnant women in the Bronx learned about Zika primarily from family, television, internet, and doctors. Television, particularly Spanish language networks, served as the initial source of information, while internet and healthcare providers offered more comprehensive and reliable information.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Francois-Xavier Mauvais, Peter van Endert
Summary: The critical role of conventional dendritic cells in the immune response to tumors and pathogens is well-established. However, various other cell types, including myeloid, lymphoid, endothelial, epithelial, and stromal cells, have been shown to also possess the ability to cross-present antigens. This review analyzes the literature on this topic, discussing the antigens and readouts used, mechanistic insights, and in vivo experimentation. While many studies rely on artificial systems, there is evidence to suggest that cross-presentation by non-dendritic cells may have significant implications in anti-tumor immunity and autoimmunity.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Stephane Isnard, Etienne X. Hatton, Marco Iannetta, Jean-Baptiste Guillerme, Anne Hosmalin
Summary: IFN-gamma secretion by Ag-specific T cells is tightly regulated by engagement of the TCR. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and conventional DC play a crucial role in the activation of HIV-specific T cells. Noncognate activation mechanism involving production of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and TNF-alpha induces intracellular production of IFN-gamma.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Niels A. W. Lemmermann, Matthias J. Reddehase
Summary: Research on murine models of CMV infection has shown a phenomenon called memory inflation after primary CD8(+) T-cell response peaks. During CMV latency, there is an increase in cells specific for certain viral epitopes over time. Additionally, viral genes are not completely silent during latency and are expressed sporadically in a stochastic manner.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiajia Wang, Xiaoya Liu, Yanfang Qi, Zonghua Liu, Yuepeng Cai, Renfeng Dong
Summary: This study describes an effective strategy for delivering intracellular antigens using ultrasound-propelled gold nanowires nanomotors modified with a model antigen. The nanomotors facilitate rapid internalization into antigen-presenting cells, leading to activation and cross-presentation of the cells with significant increase in MHC I and MHC II molecules expression levels. This novel vaccine delivery strategy based on AuNWs nanomotors is expected to enhance cellular immunity and provide a new approach to immunotherapy.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bo Deng, Xiaoming He, Dongdong Wang, Ying Wang, Yalin Jiang, Tianfeng Chen, Ligeng Xu
Summary: In this study, a selenium nanoadjuvant was successfully synthesized on inactivated viruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The nanovaccine showed enhanced uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) and activation of DCs through TLR4 signaling pathways and regulation of selenoprotein expressions. It also demonstrated better immune responses compared to PEDV and commercial inactivated PEDV vaccine in mice and swine models. This study provides a universal selenium nanoadjuvant for developing inactivated virus-based nanovaccines for virus prevention.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashish Goyal, Elizabeth R. Duke, E. Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda, Joshua T. Schiffer
Summary: In clinical trials, remdesivir was found to decrease recovery time and prevent hospitalization in patients with SARS-CoV-2. However, it did not reduce nasal viral loads. In animal experiments, early use of remdesivir prevented pneumonia and reduced lung viral loads, but increased viral loads were observed in the nasal passages after a certain period of time. Mathematical models were developed to explain these findings and suggest that a more potent drug could effectively reduce viral loads in both the nasal passages and lungs.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ian Mantel, Barzan A. A. Sadiq, J. Magarian Blander
Summary: This article discusses the importance of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) protein in cellular immune responses, particularly in cross-presentation. TAP plays a crucial role in transporting peptides to the endoplasmic reticulum as well as in phagosomes and endosomes, and its expression and function are often compromised by cancer and viruses.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alex J. B. Kreutzberger, Anwesha Sanyal, Anand Saminathan, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Spencer Stumpf, Zhuoming Liu, Ravi Ojha, Markku T. Patjas, Ahmed Geneid, Gustavo Scanavachi, Catherine A. Doyle, Elliott Somerville, Ricardo Bango Da Cunha Correia, Giuseppe Di Caprio, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Antti Makitie, Volker Kiessling, Olli Vapalahti, Sean P. J. Whelan, Giuseppe Balistreri, Tom Kirchhausen
Summary: A study found that the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 requires an acidic environment, even after the furin and TMPRSS2 cleavage. The stepwise dissociation of the S1 fragment, fusion, and content release can only be observed in TMPRSS2-overexpressing cells exposed to acidic pH.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jie Zhang, Biao Fan, Guoliang Cao, Wenping Huang, Fuhao Jia, Guangjun Nie, Hai Wang
Summary: This study developed a personalized DC-mimicking nanovaccine for stimulating TAAs-specific T cell populations. By inducing BMDCs maturation and delivering TAAs through nanostructures, the nanoDCs efficiently generated potent antigen-specific T cell responses, leading to inhibition of tumor growth and metastases formation.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
