Article
Immunology
Javier Diez-Domingo, Xavier Saez-Llorens, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Weber, Cristina Epalza, Archana Chatterjee, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Chien-Yu Lin, Andrea A. Berry, Federico Martinon-Torres, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Joanne M. Langley, Jose T. Ramos Amador, Joseph B. Domachowske, Li-Min Huang, Nan-Chang Chiu, Susanna Esposito, Philippe Moris, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, Vanja Nikic, Wayne Woo, Yingjun Zhou, Ilse Dieussaert, Amanda Leach, Antonio Gonzalez Lopez, Nicolas Vanhoutte
Summary: This study tested a new candidate RSV vaccine in toddlers who had a previous RSV infection. The vaccine was effective in preventing RSV-related illnesses and triggered an antibody response that could neutralize the virus. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or RSV-related hospitalizations were reported during the study.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
James Baber, Mark Arya, Yuben Moodley, Anna Jaques, Qin Jiang, Kena A. Swanson, David Cooper, Mohan S. Maddur, Jakob Loschko, Alejandra Gurtman, Kathrin U. Jansen, William C. Gruber, Philip R. Dormitzer, Beate Schmoele-Thoma
Summary: The stabilized RSV prefusion F subunit (RSVpreF) vaccine candidate was well tolerated and elicited strong and persistent serum neutralizing responses in adults aged 65-85, with or without adjuvant. Adjuvanted formulations did not show additional enhancement of immune responses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tino F. Schwarz, Casey Johnson, Christine Grigat, Dan Apter, Peter Csonka, Niklas Lindblad, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, Feng F. Gao, Hui Qian, Antonella N. Tullio, Ilse Dieussaert, Marta Picciolato, Ouzama Henry
Summary: This first-in-human, placebo-controlled study showed that the unadjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine, at doses of 30, 60, or 120 μg, was well tolerated and immunogenic. Dose levels of 60 and 120 μg exhibited significantly higher immunogenicity compared to the 30 μg dose, leading to further investigation in pregnant women.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Arabella S. Stuart, Miia Virta, Kristi Williams, Ilkka Seppa, Robyn Hartvickson, Melanie Greenland, Edmund Omoruyi, Arangassery Rosemary Bastian, Wouter Haazen, Nadine Salisch, Efi Gymnopoulou, Benoit Callendret, Saul N. Faust, Matthew D. Snape, Esther Heijnen
Summary: A randomized, double-blind study in adults and children showed that a novel Ad26 vector-based RSV vaccine encoding preF-protein given as two doses demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability up to 1 year, with evidence of humoral and cellular immunogenicity.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
T. Van Effelterre, N. Hens, L. J. White, S. Gravenstein, A. R. Bastian, N. Buyukkaramikli, C. Y. Cheng, J. Hartnett, G. Krishnarajah, K. Weber, L. Hernandez Pastor
Summary: This study used a transmission model to estimate the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the United States. The results showed a high burden of RSV in adults aged 18 years and older, with a significant proportion in adults aged 60 years and older. Vaccinating adults aged 60 years and older could greatly reduce the disease burden in this population, as well as have indirect effects on younger adults.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Dvir Gatt, Isaac Martin, Rawan AlFouzan, Theo J. J. Moraes
Summary: RSV is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease, particularly in young children, but there is currently no approved vaccine for prevention. In the past two decades, significant advancements have been made in understanding RSV's pathogenesis and immunopathology, leading to the development of potential vaccines and successful implementation of passive immunization. This review provides an update on current treatment options for acute RSV disease and different therapeutic approaches for RSV prevention.
Article
Immunology
James T. Peterson, Agnieszka M. Zareba, David Fitz-Patrick, Brandon J. Essink, Daniel A. Scott, Kena A. Swanson, Dhawal Chelani, David Radley, David Cooper, Kathrin U. Jansen, Philip R. Dormitzer, William C. Gruber, Alejandra Gurtman
Summary: The study found that giving nonpregnant women aged 18-49 years RSVpreF and Tdap vaccines concurrently was safe and induced noninferior immune responses, except for the pertussis component.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Lei Lei, Huan Qin, Jin Luo, Yiluo Tan, Jie Yang, Zishu Pan
Summary: This study demonstrates that VLPs containing antigenic peptides of F protein combined with a CTL epitope of M2 may represent a promising RSV subunit vaccine candidate.
Article
Immunology
Hamza Arshad Dar, Fahad Nasser Almajhdi, Shahkaar Aziz, Yasir Waheed
Summary: This study designed and evaluated a potential multi-epitope vaccine against RSV using immunoinformatics. The vaccine was found to be stable, non-allergenic, flexible, and antigenic. Computational immune simulation results indicated that the vaccine could generate a high titer of antibodies and effector T-cells, making it a promising candidate for stimulating humoral and cellular responses against RSV infection.
Article
Immunology
Isabel Leroux-Roels, Marc Van Ranst, Corinne Vandermeulen, Carline Vanden Abeele, Nathalie De Schrevel, Bruno Salaun, Celine Verheust, Marie-Pierre David, Shady Kotb, Veronica Hulstrom
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and immune responses of a third dose of an investigational vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in older adults aged 60-80 years. The results showed that the third dose of the vaccine was well tolerated and induced a good immune response in older adults.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Laura M. Stephens, Steven M. Varga
Summary: RSV is commonly associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children, but also causes high disease burden in the elderly; RSV infection in aged individuals results in more severe disease symptoms, leading to higher hospitalizations and deaths in the elderly; Developing an RSV vaccine for elderly populations is challenging due to age-related defects in the immune system, but remains an important target for public health prevention strategies.
Review
Immunology
Rama Raghunandan, Deborah Higgins, Nancy Hosken
Summary: RSV is a major cause of respiratory illness in children and infants worldwide, with no licensed vaccine available. Multiple RSV vaccine candidates are in clinical development, with a focus on inducing robust virus neutralizing immune responses through nAb-mediated interventions. Standardizing RSV neutralization assays is crucial for assessing nAb responses accurately and for comparing the immunogenicity of different vaccine candidates.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura L. Hammitt, Ron Dagan, Yuan Yuan, Manuel Baca Cots, Miroslava Bosheva, Shabir A. Madhi, William J. Muller, Heather J. Zar, Dennis Brooks, Amy Grenham, Ulrika Wahlby Hamren, Vaishali S. Mankad, Pin Ren, Therese Takas, Michael E. Abram, Amanda Leach, M. Pamela Griffin, Tonya Villafana
Summary: A single injection of nirsevimab administered before the RSV season protected healthy late-preterm and term infants from medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Li Ma, Matthew Brecher, Allison Soufal, Tiziano Gaiotto, Sai Tian, Sumana Chandramouli, Vincent Dewar, Laurent Ferrant, Meng Zhang, Xianzhi Zhou, Varnika Roy
Summary: In the past decade, camelid nanobodies have been developed for various applications, but their potential in evaluating vaccine antigen candidates has been relatively unexplored. This study demonstrates the suitability of a nanobody-based ELISA method for characterizing a leading respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine candidate. The nanobody, F-VHH-L66, exhibits similar characteristics to the well-known antibody AM14 in recognizing the prefusion form of RSV F, which is crucial for generating neutralizing antibodies. The F-VHH-L66-based ELISA proves to be specific, accurate, linear, and stability-indicating, making it a potential alternative to AM14 for RSVPreF3 characterization.
Article
Cell Biology
Fernando P. Polack, Damian Alvarez-Paggi, Romina Libster, Mauricio T. Caballero, Robert Blair, Diego R. Hijano, Paola X. de la Iglesia Niveyro, Daniel R. Menendez, Wes Gladwell, Luis M. Avendano, Luis Velozo, Alanna Wanek, Eduardo Bergel, Gregory A. Prince, Steven R. Kleeberger, Joyce Johnson, Derek Pociask, Jay K. Kolls
Summary: In 1967, two toddlers in the United States died from enhanced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease after being immunized with a vaccine, leading to 80% of subsequently exposed children needing hospitalization. These events significantly hindered RSV vaccine development for a long period of time.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Megan E. Schmidt, Steven M. Varga
Article
Immunology
Megan E. Schmidt, Antonius G. P. Oomens, Steven M. Varga
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abigail R. Berkebile, Jennifer A. Bartlett, Mahmoud Abou Alaiwa, Steven M. Varga, Ultan F. Power, Paul B. McCray
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Steven M. Varga, Andrea J. Sant
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Immunology
Megan E. Schmidt, David K. Meyerholz, Steven M. Varga
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Immunology
Laura M. Stephens, Steven M. Varga
Article
Immunology
Jorge A. Soto, Laura M. Stephens, Kody A. Waldstein, Gisela Canedo-Marroquin, Steven M. Varga, Alexis M. Kalergis
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Laura M. Stephens, Kathleen A. Ross, Kody A. Waldstein, Kevin L. Legge, Jason S. McLellan, Balaji Narasimhan, Steven M. Varga
Summary: The novel RSV vaccine RSVNanoVax showed protective effects against RSV infection in experiments, reducing weight loss and pulmonary dysfunction, with protection lasting at least 6 months. Additionally, the vaccine was able to rapidly clear RSV from the lungs, induce tissue-resident memory T cells, and produce neutralizing antibodies against RSV.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Scott M. Anthony, Natalija Van Braeckel-Budimir, Steven J. Moioffer, Stephanie van de Wall, Qiang Shan, Rahul Vijay, Ramakrishna Sompallae, Stacey M. Hartwig, Isaac J. Jensen, Steven M. Varga, Noah S. Butler, Hai-Hui Xue, Vladimir P. Badovinac, John T. Harty
Summary: IAV infection generates Trm CD8(+)T cells in mice, while repeated antigen exposure produces 4M CD8(+)T cells with enhanced protective capacity. Enhanced protection by 4M cells is associated with increased expression of granzyme A/B and stable maintenance of CD69(+)CD103(+) 4M CD8(+)T cells, improving control of viral infections in mLN.
Review
Immunology
Laura M. Stephens, Steven M. Varga
Summary: RSV is commonly associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children, but also causes high disease burden in the elderly; RSV infection in aged individuals results in more severe disease symptoms, leading to higher hospitalizations and deaths in the elderly; Developing an RSV vaccine for elderly populations is challenging due to age-related defects in the immune system, but remains an important target for public health prevention strategies.
Article
Immunology
Stacey M. Hartwig, Ann M. Miller, Steven M. Varga
Summary: Respiratory infections are a significant cause of illness and death, and the order in which viral infections are acquired plays a critical role in disease severity and the host immune response. In a study involving mice, it was found that being infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) before influenza A virus (IAV) led to reduced weight loss and increased survival compared to being infected with IAV alone.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Laura M. Stephens, Kathleen A. Ross, Jason S. McLellan, Balaji Narasimhan, Steven M. Varga
Summary: RSV infection causes significant infections and deaths in children and elderly adults each year. There is currently no licensed vaccine for RSV prevention. This study developed a vaccine candidate, RSVNanoVax, which provided long-term protection and immunity in outbred Swiss Webster mice.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kody A. Waldstein, Jirong Yi, Michael Myung Cho, Raghu Mudumbai, Xiaodong Wu, Steven M. Varga, Weiyu Xu
Summary: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted the need for innovative testing approaches for future pandemics. In this study, a novel sample pooling procedure based on compressed sensing theory is presented, which accurately identifies virally infected patients at high prevalence rates. The method reduces the number of tests required and provides quantification of individual sample viral load within a pool.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kody A. Waldstein, Steven M. Varga
Review
Virology
Laura M. Stephens, Steven M. Varga