Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eric Rappin, Rezaul Mahmood, Udaysankar Nair, Roger A. Pielke, William Brown, Steve Oncley, Joshua Wurman, Karen Kosiba, Aaron Kaulfus, Chris Phillips, Emilee Lachenmeier, Joseph Santanello, Edward Kim, Patricia Lawston-Parker
Summary: The passage discusses the impacts of irrigated agriculture on temperature and precipitation in the central United States, as well as the Great Plains Irrigation Experiment conducted in southeastern Nebraska. The experiment showed a clear irrigation signal during the peak growing season, affecting surface fluxes, temperature, humidity, and boundary layer dynamics.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Fan Mei, Mikhail S. Pekour, Darielle Dexheimer, Gijs de Boer, RaeAnn Cook, Jason Tomlinson, Beat Schmid, Lexie A. Goldberger, Rob Newsom, Jerome D. Fast
Summary: Uncrewed Systems (UxS), including uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) and tethered balloon/kite systems (TBS), have significantly expanded observational capabilities in atmospheric science. The Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility has collected a large number of datasets using UAS and TBS platforms, providing new perspectives on spatial variability of atmospheric and surface parameters and contributing to critical science questions in Earth system science research.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kenneth Tobin, Aaron Sanchez, Daniela Esparza, Miguel Garcia, Deepak Ganta, Marvin Bennett
Summary: The article introduces the SMERGE root-zone soil moisture product that covers the continental United States from 1978 to 2019. Machine learning techniques were used to downscale SMERGE to field-scale resolutions. The downscaled results were validated using in situ data and comparisons with other retrieval data. The study found that RF outperformed XGBoost and GBoost in different periods and models. The downscaled results showed improved correlation and reduced RMSE, allowing for diverse hydrometeorological and agricultural applications.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sean A. Matus, Francina Dominguez, Trent W. Ford
Summary: The warm season in the United States Great Plains is characterized by frequent low-level jets (LLJs), which contribute to severe weather and precipitation in the region. The intensity of the LLJs is not only modulated by diurnal and synoptic-scale processes, but also influenced by longer time scale variability associated with surface moisture. This study identifies extreme LLJ events and finds a preference for them to occur over anomalously dry soil, suggesting the potential for improved prediction of LLJ activity.
JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yizhou Zhuang, Amir Erfanian, Rong Fu
Summary: The study reveals a significant correlation between low-level moisture conditions in the U.S. Southwest in spring and rainfall variability over the Great Plains in summer. The influence of Southwest dryness on zonal moisture advection to the Great Plains plays a crucial role in initiating warm season drought. This remote land surface feedback due to Southwest dryness could potentially improve the predictability of summer precipitation and drought onsets over the Great Plains.
JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Bin Zheng, Dejun Gu, Ailan Lin, Dongdong Peng, Chunhui Li, Yanyan Huang
Summary: This study investigates the structures and mechanisms of heatwaves associated with quasi-biweekly variability over southern China. It reveals that anticyclonic anomalies and subsidence lead to excess solar radiation and heating, favoring the occurrence of heatwaves. The study also highlights the importance of moist soil and near-surface moisture in the occurrence of heatwaves.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Andrew Hoell, Andrea E. Gaughan, Tamuka Magadzire, Laura Harrison
Summary: The study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of daily precipitation characteristics and atmospheric circulation in southern Africa from November to April. It found that El Nino is associated with significantly below average precipitation anomalies in December to March, while La Nino leads to significantly above average precipitation characteristics in February south of 20 degrees S.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
W. E. I. SHANG, X. U. E. J. U. A. N. REN, S. H. U. A. N. G. S. H. U. A. N. G. Li, K. E. Q. I. N. DUAN
Summary: This study investigates the precursors and formation mechanisms of spring event-based extreme precipitation (EEP) in central-eastern China. The results suggest that the ocean-atmosphere circulation pattern, the onset of the Bay of Bengal summer monsoon, and moisture fluxes are important factors influencing extreme precipitation in spring.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Feng Hu, Tim Li, Jianyun Gao, Lisheng Hao
Summary: Two existing moisture mode theories of the MJO were validated with observational data, showing that the moisture asymmetry mechanism appears more robust over the eastern Maritime Continent and western Pacific. The column-integrated moist static energy tendency asymmetry also plays a significant role in certain situations.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christopher R. Maupin, E. Brendan Roark, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Chuan-Chou Shen, Courtney Schumacher, Stephen Van Kampen-Lewis, Audrey L. Housson, C. Lorraine McChesney, Oruc Baykara, Tsai-Luen Yu, Kemble White, Judson W. Partin
Summary: Research shows that thunderstorms in the Southern Great Plains of the United States have been increasing in intensity and frequency in recent years, but assessing storm characteristics under different climate scenarios remains uncertain due to limitations in climate models physics. Analysis of oxygen isotopes in Texas stalactites dating back 30-50 thousand years reveals shifts in storm organization from weakly to strongly organized on millennial timescales.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Rachel Gaal, James L. Kinter
Summary: This study evaluates land surface conditions for summer MCS events forming in the U.S. Great Plains and identifies a negative correlation between soil moisture and MCS initiation.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
D. A. Knopf, K. R. Barry, T. A. Brubaker, L. G. Jahl, K. A. Jankowski, J. Li, Y. Lu, L. W. Monroe, K. A. Moore, F. A. Rivera-Adorno, K. A. Sauceda, Y. Shi, J. M. Tomlin, H. S. K. Vepuri, P. Wang, N. N. Lata, E. J. T. Levin, J. M. Creamean, T. C. J. Hill, S. China, P. A. Alpert, R. C. Moffet, N. Hiranuma, R. C. Sullivan, A. M. Fridlind, M. West, N. Riemer, A. Laskin, P. J. DeMott, X. Liu
Summary: The prediction of ice formation in clouds presents a significant challenge in atmospheric sciences, particularly the uncertainty in deriving INP number concentrations in cloud-resolving and climate models. The closure pilot study aims to evaluate the level of parameter details and measurement strategies needed to achieve aerosol-ice formation closure, with a focus on guiding immersion freezing schemes in models and identifying causes for INP prediction biases in climate models.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jingjing Tian, Yunyan Zhang, Stephen A. Klein, Rusen Oktem, Likun Wang
Summary: This study investigates the effects of heterogeneous land covers on shallow cumulus clouds at the US Southern Great Plains. The results show that during late summer, these clouds occur most frequently over cities and least frequently over open waters, with a higher occurrence over forest compared to grassland. This preference also varies with the length scales of land patches, and is more pronounced under low wind conditions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zhao Yang, Maoyi Huang, Larry K. Berg, Yun Qian, William I. Gustafson, Yuanhao Fang, Ying Liu, Jerome D. Fast, Koichi Sakaguchi, Sheng-Lun Tai
Summary: In this study, the impact of lateral flow on soil moisture and energy fluxes over the southern Great Plains was investigated using the offline Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Hydro model. Realistic inputs led to larger underestimation of latent heat flux and dry bias, revealing model structural uncertainty in WRF-Hydro. Including lateral flow processes partly mitigated model deficiencies and alleviated the dry bias, especially over lower elevations. Additional simulations highlighted the effect of routing resolution on model results, with noticeable differences in soil moisture between routing resolutions over steep terrain under high LSM resolution, and negligible differences over flat terrain with coarse LSM resolution.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lei Liu, Yi Huang, John R. Gyakum, David D. Turner, P. Jonathan Gero
Summary: In this study, a 23-year downwelling longwave radiance (DLR) record measured by the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) was processed and analyzed. The spectral trends in the DLR provide insights into the radiative drivers of climate change. The results show significant positive radiance trends in weak absorption channels, indicating the feasibility of early detection of climate change.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)