Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. N. Sukhodolov, O. O. Shumilova, G. S. Constantinescu, Q. W. Lewis, B. L. Rhoads
Summary: This article introduces a theory for the mixing dynamics of shallow flows at confluences, and verifies the theoretical predictions and transitional behavior between two mixing modes through dye visualizations in field experiments. According to the theoretical framework, the mixing interface can grow rapidly in one mode, even though flow curvature and shallowness restrict growth through advective and turbulent lateral exchange of momentum and bed friction. These findings provide insight into the importance of different flow structure modalities in controlling mixing at river confluences and contribute to understanding the role of confluences in contaminant dispersion in river systems.
Article
Mechanics
Giorgos Kanellopoulos
Summary: This paper focuses on the mathematical interpretation of the theoretical existence of the granular monoclinal wave, categorizing it into two classes based on the form of the waveform. The critical Froude number for stable uniform flows is determined from the stability analysis of the dynamical system.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Charles T. Haddad, Joseph Majdalani
Summary: This work investigates traveling and standing vorticoacoustic waves in circular tubes induced by axisymmetric headwall injection using perturbation tools, field decomposition, and boundary-layer theory. An explicit formulation for arbitrary headwall injection is obtained and validated numerically. The characteristics of the evolving vorticoacoustic wave and the velocity features of the vortical field are systematically explored using four canonical cases, revealing the significant amplitudes of the standing modes compared to traveling waves. A uniformly valid wave approximation is achieved by extending the boundary-layer analysis from the headwall to the sidewall.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hai Zhu, Shengjie Lu, Lingling Wang, Jieru Xu, Saiyu Yuan
Summary: The process of pollutant mixing in meandering rivers is influenced by secondary flow and turbulence. A 3D large-eddy simulation model was established to investigate the influence of different point source release positions on the mixing process. The results show that the position of the point source significantly affects the mixing efficiency and spatial distribution of the pollutant.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Masood Nekoei, Seyed Amirhossein Moghaddas, Emadaldin Mohammadi Golafshani, Amir H. Gandomi
Summary: In the field of artificial intelligence automatic programming, artificial bee colony expression programming (ABCEP) presents new solutions by using expression sharing to improve performance. Experimental results indicate that predictions generated by ABCEP outperform other automatic programming algorithms based on successful runs, mean fitness values, and convergence rate.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt, Pouya Sabokruhie, Tammy Rosner
Summary: This study uses the lower Athabasca River as a test case to model the total suspended sediment, chloride, and vanadium. A novel surface water-quality modelling approach is presented, allowing for transverse mixing of tributary and outfall water. Additional insights were gained regarding the transport and fate of dissolved vanadium.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY-REGIONAL STUDIES
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Jianyu Wang, Guojian He, Subhasish Dey, Hongwei Fang
Summary: This study investigated the interaction between flow and submerged flexible vegetation through numerical simulation, revealing the formation of alternate vortices at the flow-vegetation interface, resulting in wave-like oscillations of the vegetation canopy. The study also demonstrated the effects of flow velocity, vegetation spacing, and relative density on the characteristics of vegetation oscillations.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Jianyu Wang, Guojian He, Subhasish Dey, Hongwei Fang
Summary: This study presents a three-dimensional numerical model for the interaction of flow with submerged flexible vegetation, successfully simulating the interaction between flow and highly flexible vegetation. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the numerical model in simulating velocity profiles and vegetation movement induced by flow.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Dian Li, Mengyang Liu, Wenxin Huai
Summary: In this study, the streamwise velocity profiles and transverse momentum exchange in partially vegetated channels are investigated using theoretical and experimental methods. A new eddy viscosity model is proposed to model the transverse momentum exchange, taking into account bottom turbulence, stem-scale turbulence, and turbulence induced by coherent structures. The results show that turbulence induced by coherent structures is the dominant contributor to the momentum exchange. The proposed eddy viscosity model can be well applied for different setups by varying a single proportionality constant, which is inversely proportional to the canopy drag.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuelei Zhang, Puneet Rana, R. Moradi, Zhixiong Li
Summary: This study investigates the impact of coaxial injector arrays of hydrogen/air multi-jet on fuel mixing performance, aiming to optimize fuel distribution and penetration downstream in different operating conditions. The results show that the injection of coaxial air/hydrogen jet significantly enhances mixing downstream and the fuel jet space of 7 Dj offers maximum fuel mixing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
S. Beetham, A. Lattanzi, J. Capecelatro
Summary: The dissipative nature of heat transfer leads to thermal flows reaching an equilibrium state without temperature gradients. The presence of particles can modify the thermal entrance length, primarily due to diffusion and mixing by convection. In this study, the effect of solids heterogeneity on the thermal entrance length is investigated, showing an increase in length due to clustering of particles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Yanchong Duan, Qiang Zhon, Guiquan Wan, Qigang Chen, Fujun Wan, Danxun Li
Summary: This paper reports a new phenomenon in open channel flows, where higher population densities of spanwise vortices are observed near the free surface compared to turbulent boundary layers. Additional retrograde spanwise vortices are present in OCFs beyond y/h > 0.2, prompting a re-examination of the wall-normal extent of the free-surface effect. Possible mechanisms for this phenomenon are also provided.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Matthias Kramer, Daniel Valero
Summary: High-Froude-number flows become self-aerated when turbulence overcomes gravity and surface tension forces. Instead of using single-layer approaches, a new two-state formulation is presented to explain the complete air concentration profile through the weak interaction between turbulent boundary layer and turbulent wavy layer. The proposed flow conceptualization allows for more physically based numerical modeling of turbulent mass diffusion in self-aerated flows.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Dianqiang Jiang, Dalin Zhang, Wenxi Tian, Suizheng Qiu, G. H. Su
Summary: In this study, the transverse mixing characteristics of flow sweeping in a helical cruciform rod bundle were analyzed using numerical methods. The results showed that the helical cruciform rod bundle exhibited significant transverse flow mixing, which enhanced the flow heat transfer performance of the reactor core. This study provides guidance for the numerical study of flow heat transfer in helical structures and serves as a foundation for the development of subchannel mixing models.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hemant Kumar, Jeongwoo Hwang, Naresh Devineni, A. Sankarasubramanian
Summary: Large dams heavily regulate natural river flows, degrading the river's health. While there has been extensive research on the impact of individual dams on flow regulation, few studies have investigated the combined impact of dam regulation on an entire river network. This study proposes a new index, the Dynamic Flow Alteration Index (DFAI), to measure the degree of regulation by comparing controlled flows with naturalized flows. The DFAI captures the localized regulation of upstream dams and reveals increasing cumulative impact downstream. It also considers the shifting of peak flow occurrence and dampening of peak flows caused by dam operations.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Roghayeh Ahmadpour, Hamed Sarkardeh, Hazi Azamathulla
Summary: The study examines the air concentration distribution in ski jump generated jet using quasi 3D analytical simulation and numerical analysis, confirming a unique relationship between air concentrations and relative black water core length. Various factors such as approach flow depth, Froude number, and geometrical parameters of ski jump influence the black water core length and the air concentration distribution along the jet. An analytical equation is proposed to predict air concentration distribution based on different hydraulic and geometric parameters, and increasing air concentration is found to reduce the jet velocity profile.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Maryam Bagheri, Seyed M. Ali Zomorodian, Masih Zolghadr, H. Md Azamathulla, C. Venkata Siva Rama Prasad
Summary: The study investigated flow separation at the upstream side of lateral turnouts, proposing methods to reduce the separation zone dimensions through the use of roughening elements and different bed level inverts. Experimental results and a 3-D CFD model confirmed the effectiveness of these methods in reducing the separation zone.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Parveen Sihag, Balraj Singh, Md Azlin Bin Md Said, H. Md Azamathulla
Summary: The study revealed that the pruned M5P approach outperformed other methods in predicting the coefficient of Manning's roughness for hydraulic designing, with high correlation coefficients and low errors.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kiyoumars Roushangar, Roghayeh Ghasempour, Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla
Summary: In this research, a finite difference scheme developed by Richtmeyer is presented for simulating 1D steady/unsteady flow and bed morphology in alluvial channels. Laboratory experiments were conducted to validate the proposed model. The role of sediment transport formulas, coupled uncoupled approaches, and simplification in the mass continuity equation are investigated for improving the simulation. The study also highlights the importance of changing alluvial roughness and the application of a genetic algorithm in optimizing roughness coefficients.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Madhawa Herath, Tharaka Jayathilaka, Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla, Vishwanadham Mandala, Namal Rathnayake, Upaka Rathnayake
Summary: Wetlands are vital ecosystems that provide various benefits, but they are also highly endangered due to human activities and climate change. This study in Sri Lanka focused on understanding the key meteorological parameters affecting the water depth of the Colombo flood detention basin. The findings revealed that rainfall was the most significant parameter, along with interesting combinations of parameters like rainfall-nighttime relative humidity, rainfall-evaporation, daytime relative humidity-evaporation, and rainfall-nighttime relative humidity-evaporation, which impacted water level fluctuations.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Masih Zolghadr, Seyed Mohammad Ali Zomorodian, Abazar Fathi, Ravi Prakash Tripathi, Neda Jafari, Darshan Mehta, Parveen Sihag, Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla
Summary: This study investigates the use of roughening elements as devices to intercept the downflow that triggers local scour around bridge abutments. Different widths of abutments were examined under varying hydraulic conditions in a clear-water regime. The results show that roughening elements with thickness and protrusion of P = t = 0.2 L provide the most effective protection.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Vijendra Kumar, Hazi Md. Azamathulla, Kul Vaibhav Sharma, Darshan J. Mehta, Kiran Tota Maharaj
Summary: Floods are a devastating natural calamity, and accurate flood forecasts and control are essential to safeguard populations. Deep learning has emerged as a potent tool for improving flood prediction and control by utilizing its capacity to handle massive amounts of data and provide accurate forecasts. This review thoroughly examines the current state of deep learning applications in flood forecasting and management, discusses various aspects including data sources, models, and assessment measures, and highlights challenges and potential directions for future research. It is a valuable resource for academics and professionals working on flood forecasting and management.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kushan D. Siriwardhana, Dimantha I. Jayaneththi, Ruchiru D. Herath, Randika K. Makumbura, Hemantha Jayasinghe, Miyuru B. Gunathilake, Hazi Md. Azamathulla, Kiran Tota-Maharaj, Upaka Rathnayake
Summary: The water supply system is crucial in the community, but the quality of water sources is deteriorating due to human activities. The Kalu River is a major water resource in Sri Lanka, but there hasn't been enough research on anthropogenic activities in the river. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal variation of the water quality in the Kalu River, emphasizing the importance of continuous water quality monitoring.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Asma Rabiei, Jahanshir Mohammadzadeh-Habili, Aaron Anil Chadee, Seyed Mohammadali Zomorodian, Mohammad Jameel, Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla
Summary: The hydraulic jump stilling basin is commonly used for dissipating energy from supercritical flow. A mathematical relationship between the sequent flow depth ratio of a hydraulic jump and the inflow Froude number and relative length of the basin front was derived through dimensional analysis. The proposed structure stabilized the hydraulic jump and improved energy dissipation performance. Experimental and numerical simulations showed the formation of large recirculation regions, leading to intense energy dissipation in the right-triangle basin.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lee P. Leon, Karishma Roopnarine, Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla, Aaron Anil Chadee, Upaka Rathnayake
Summary: Recent research has been primarily focused on the introduction, development, and evaluation of performance-based specifications for asphalt concrete mixture design. In the Caribbean, most laboratories solely use the Volumetric Marshall Mix design methodology, which has been criticized for its limitations. Performance-Based Mix Design (PBMD) has emerged as an alternative approach that incorporates performance testing alongside volumetric parameters. This study presents the findings of comprehensive laboratory research aimed at developing a PBMD framework for asphalt concrete mixtures.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sajani Gamage, Sandini Palitha, D. P. P. Meddage, Shayani Mendis, Hazi Md Azamathulla, Upaka Rathnayake
Summary: This study investigated the strength and durability characteristics of Interlocking Paving Blocks (IPB) in the presence of waste materials, crumb rubber (CR) and coconut coir fibers (CCF). The findings showed that CCF can increase compressive and split tensile strength, while CR-based IPBs exhibited improved skid resistance. This research highlights the importance of incorporating waste materials in the IPB industry.
Article
Water Resources
Jayanga T. Samarasinghe, Vindhya Basnayaka, Miyuru B. Gunathilake, Hazi M. Azamathulla, Upaka Rathnayake
Summary: The application of numerical models in understanding flood behavior is common, but selecting the right hydraulic model is crucial for reliable predictions. 1D models have been replaced by 2D or combined 1D/2D models, with HEC-RAS being widely used. However, there is limited comparison research in the literature. This study used a case study of the Kelani River basin to find that the combined 1D/2D HEC-RAS model outperforms others in predicting flow and inundation.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Pasindu Meddage, Imesh Ekanayake, Udara Sachinthana Perera, Hazi Md Azamathulla, Md Azlin Md Said, Upaka Rathnayake
Summary: This study used tree-based regression models to predict wind pressure coefficients of gable-roofed buildings and explained the predictions using SHAP. The results show that the tree-based models are both efficient and accurate in predicting wind pressure coefficients.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Randika Makubura, D. P. P. Meddage, Hazi Md Azamathulla, Manish Pandey, Upaka Rathnayake
Summary: The impact of industrialization on the surface water quality in the Kelani River basin in Sri Lanka has been analyzed. The study found that industrial activities have resulted in a gradual deterioration of water quality, with the worst conditions observed near industrial zones. Therefore, future water management systems should implement necessary actions and considerations.
Article
Water Resources
Imiya M. Chathuranika, Miyuru B. Gunathilake, Hazi Md Azamathulla, Upaka Rathnayake
Summary: Climate change's impact on water resources in Sri Lanka has not been extensively studied. This research focuses on a watershed in the southern coastal belt of the island and evaluates the future streamflow using bias-corrected rainfall data from three regional climate models. The results indicate that Sri Lanka's climate and water quantity will experience changes, highlighting the importance for river basin planners and government agencies to develop sustainable water management strategies.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Arfan Arshad, Ali Mirchi, Javier Vilcaez, Muhammad Umar Akbar, Kaveh Madani
Summary: High-resolution, continuous groundwater data is crucial for adaptive aquifer management. This study presents a predictive modeling framework that incorporates covariates and existing observations to estimate groundwater level changes. The framework outperforms other methods and provides reliable estimates for unmonitored sites. The study also examines groundwater level changes in different regions and highlights the importance of effective aquifer management.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lihua Chen, Jie Deng, Wenzhe Yang, Hang Chen
Summary: A new grid-based distributed karst hydrological model (GDKHM) is developed to simulate streamflow in the flood-prone karst area of Southwest China. The results show that the GDKHM performs well in predicting floods and capturing the spatial variability of karst system.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Faruk Gurbuz, Avinash Mudireddy, Ricardo Mantilla, Shaoping Xiao
Summary: Machine learning algorithms have shown better performance in streamflow prediction compared to traditional hydrological models. In this study, researchers proposed a methodology to test and benchmark ML algorithms using artificial data generated by physically-based hydrological models. They found that deep learning algorithms can correctly identify the relationship between streamflow and rainfall in certain conditions, but fail to outperform traditional prediction methods in other scenarios.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yadong Ji, Jianyu Fu, Bingjun Liu, Zeqin Huang, Xuejin Tan
Summary: This study distinguishes the uncertainty in drought projection into scenario uncertainty, model uncertainty, and internal variability uncertainty. The results show that the estimation of total uncertainty reaches a minimum in the mid-21st century and that model uncertainty is dominant in tropical regions.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Z. R. van Leeuwen, M. J. Klaar, M. W. Smith, L. E. Brown
Summary: This study quantifies the effectiveness of leaky dams in reducing flood peak magnitude using a transfer function noise modelling approach. The results show that leaky dams have a significant but highly variable impact on flood peak magnitude, and managing expectations should consider event size and type.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zeda Yin, Yasaman Saadati, M. Hadi Amini, Linlong Bian, Beichao Hu
Summary: Combined sewer overflows pose significant threats to public health and the environment, and various strategies have been proposed to mitigate their adverse effects. Smart control strategies have gained traction due to their cost-effectiveness but face challenges in balancing precision and computational efficiency. To address this, we propose exploring machine learning models and the inversion of neural networks for more efficient CSO prediction and optimization.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Qimou Zhang, Jiacong Huang, Jing Zhang, Rui Qian, Zhen Cui, Junfeng Gao
Summary: This study developed a N-cycling model for lowland rural rivers covered by macrophytes and investigated the N imports, exports, and response to sediment dredging. The findings showed a considerable N retention ability in the study river, with significant N imports from connected rivers and surrounding polders. Sediment dredging increased particulate nitrogen resuspension and settling rates, while decreasing ammonia nitrogen release, denitrification, and macrophyte uptake rates.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xue Li, Yingyin Zhou, Jian Sha, Man Zhang, Zhong-Liang Wang
Summary: High-resolution climate data is crucial for predicting regional climate and water environment changes. In this study, a two-step downscaling method was developed to enhance the spatial resolution of GCM data and improve the accuracy for small basins. The method combined medium-resolution climate data with high-resolution topographic data to capture spatial and temporal details. The downscaled climate data were then used to simulate the impacts of climate change on hydrology and water quality in a small basin. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the downscaling method for spatially differentiated simulations.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Tongqing Shen, Peng Jiang, Jiahui Zhao, Xuegao Chen, Hui Lin, Bin Yang, Changhai Tan, Ying Zhang, Xinting Fu, Zhongbo Yu
Summary: This study evaluates the long-term interannual dynamics of permafrost distribution and active layer thickness on the Tibetan Plateau, and predicts future degradation trends. The results show that permafrost area has been decreasing and active layer thickness has been increasing, with an accelerated degradation observed in recent decades. This has significant implications for local water cycle processes, water ecology, and water security.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chi Zhang, Xu Zhang, Qiuhong Tang, Deliang Chen, Jinchuan Huang, Shaohong Wu, Yubo Liu
Summary: Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau is influenced by systems such as the Asian monsoons, the westerlies, and local circulations. The Indian monsoon, the westerlies, and local circulations are the main systems affecting precipitation over the entire Tibetan Plateau. The East Asian summer monsoon primarily affects the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The Indian monsoon has the greatest influence on precipitation in the southern and central grid cells, while the westerlies have the greatest influence on precipitation in the northern and western grid cells. Local circulations have the strongest influence on the central and eastern grid cells.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Manuel Almeida, Antonio Rodrigues, Pedro Coelho
Summary: This study aimed to improve the accuracy of Total Phosphorus export coefficient models, which are essential for water management. Four different models were applied to 27 agroforestry watersheds in the Mediterranean region. The modeling approach showed significant improvements in predicting the Total Phosphorus diffuse loads.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yutao Wang, Haojie Yin, Ziyi Wang, Yi Li, Pingping Wang, Longfei Wang
Summary: This study investigated the distribution and transformation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in riverbed sediments impacted by effluent discharge. The authors found that the spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface water and sediment porewater could be used to predict DON variations in riverbed sediments. Random forest and extreme gradient boosting machine learning methods were employed to provide accurate predictions of DON content and properties at different depths. These findings have important implications for wastewater discharge management and river health.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Saba Mirza Alipour, Kolbjorn Engeland, Joao Leal
Summary: This study assesses the uncertainty associated with 100-year flood maps under different scenarios using Monte Carlo simulations. The findings highlight the importance of employing probabilistic approaches for accurate and secure flood maps, with the selection of probability distribution being the primary source of uncertainty in precipitation.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Janine A. de Wit, Marjolein H. J. van Huijgevoort, Jos C. van Dam, Ge A. P. H. van den Eertwegh, Dion van Deijl, Coen J. Ritsema, Ruud P. Bartholomeus
Summary: The study focuses on the hydrological consequences of controlled drainage with subirrigation (CD-SI) on groundwater level, soil moisture content, and soil water potential. The simulations show that CD-SI can improve hydrological conditions for crop growth, but the success depends on subtle differences in geohydrologic characteristics.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Constantin Seidl, Sarah Ann Wheeler, Declan Page
Summary: Water availability and quality issues will become increasingly important in the future due to climate change impacts. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is an effective water management tool, but often overlooked. This study analyzes global MAR applications and identifies the key factors for success, providing valuable insights for future design and application.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
