Article
Agronomy
Ginevra Nota, Simone Ravetto Enri, Marco Pittarello, Alessandra Gorlier, Giampiero Lombardi, Michele Lonati
Summary: The reintroduction of sheep grazing in abandoned dry grasslands and the subsequent wildfire had short-term effects on vegetation, but both disturbances may contribute to the conservation of alpine dry grasslands by increasing plant diversity and benefiting rare species.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Rajith Mukundan, Rakesh K. Gelda, Mahrokh Moknatian, Xuesong Zhang, Tammo S. Steenhuis
Summary: This study transformed the SWAT-Carbon (C) model to simulate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from variable source runoff areas in a humid forested watershed in the northeastern United States. The calibrated model accurately simulated streamflow and DOC flux, and showed sensitivity to soil properties and precipitation. The good performance of the model makes it a valuable tool for understanding the influence of climate and watershed management on DOC and developing mitigation strategies.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
L. Wu, P. Harris, T. H. Misselbrook, M. R. F. Lee
Summary: Ruminant livestock play a crucial role in global food security by converting feed unsuitable for human consumption into high value food protein. Factors like animal fertility, health, and welfare will ultimately determine the sustainability of ruminant production systems. Models predicting system responses to environment and management are essential for analyzing these complex systems.
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Nadeem Wasif Shah, Thomas Reyburn Nisbet, Samantha Bramwell Broadmeadow
Summary: The study found that good forestry practices were effective in limiting soil disturbance and transport of sediment to watercourses during afforestation in a sensitive peaty headwater area in northern Scotland. Long-term data also revealed the influence of climate on water quality. Additionally, temporary increases in Total P were observed due to fertiliser applications over 20 years, but did not impact river ecological status.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Matthew William Jordon
Summary: The degradation of soil in the UK is affecting ecosystem services, particularly water flow regulation. This pilot study found that changes in livestock management, such as mixed sheep and cattle grazing, can lead to rapid improvements in soil physical properties, potentially enhancing soil health and water flow regulation on grazed land in the UK.
SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Sian Whitehead, Hannah Weald, David Baines
Summary: Studies show that prescribed burning of ericaceous vegetation on moorland in the UK can increase Sphagnum cover and reduce heather cover, leading to benefits such as higher peat depth. This management approach helps to reduce peatland degradation and wildfire risk, while promoting vegetation succession towards a healthier ecosystem.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Eneko Garmendia, Arantza Aldezabal, Elena Galan, Aitor Andonegi, Agustin del Prado, Gonzalo Gamboa, Oihana Garcia, Guillermo Pardo, Noelia Aldai, Luis Javier R. Barron
Summary: Pastoral systems in mountain areas face pressure from global markets, industrialization, and new policies, threatening extensive sheep-grazing. Our research in the Basque Country shows that extensive dairy sheep grazing systems have multiple benefits, including high-quality food production and ecological conservation. However, sustainable practices, support for new generations of farmers, and streamlined supply chains are necessary to ensure socio-economic benefits and ecosystem services.
AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhao Li, Adriano Orlando, Sarah I. Mueller, Erik Amman, An Ding, Peter Desmond
Summary: The study found variations in the leachability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) between different commercial reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The supplier and membrane composition influenced the leaching of DOC. The results showed that higher concentrations of leached DOC did not lead to higher regrowth potential.
Article
Forestry
Shinji Kaneko, Hitomi Furusawa, Toru Okamoto, Yasuhiro Hirano
Summary: We investigated the changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) from rain to stream water in a forested watershed. DOM supply from tree tissue and O layer caused an increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA(254)) in rainwater. The decrease in DOC concentration and SUVA(254) with soil depth was not observed in the soil-percolating water. DOC concentration was low in both seepage and stream waters, with a seasonal variation observed in the stream water. The correlation between DOC concentration and absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) was significant, with different ratios observed among different sample types.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Robert S. Nichols, Patrick Martin
Summary: This study assessed the biodegradation of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) in Southeast Asia, indicating that phenol oxidase activity assays may be problematic and direct microbial respiration may not be a major pathway for peatland tDOC remineralization. Limited biodegradation of peatland tDOC was observed in experiments, suggesting that photo-oxidation could be a significant factor controlling the fate of carbon in this region.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tianci Hu, Ruirui Yan, Chengxiang Jiang, Nividita Varun Chand, Tao Bai, Leifeng Guo, Jingwei Qi
Summary: This study proposes an enhanced sheep behaviour recognition algorithm based on the YOLOV5 model. The algorithm investigates the effect of different shooting methodologies on sheep behaviour recognition and the model's generalisation ability under different environmental conditions. The study also presents an improved YOLOV5 model with higher accuracy and suggests a cloud-based structure for real-time behaviour recognition.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Catharine Pschenyckyj, Thomas Donahue, Mary Kelly-Quinn, Connie O'Driscoll, Florence Renou-Wilson
Summary: Currently, 50% of Irish rivers do not meet water quality standards, with many declining due to numerous pressures, including peatland degradation. This study examines the water quality of streams in the Irish midlands, where raised bogs have been heavily disturbed and drained for peat extraction. The results show that degraded bogs have higher levels of pollutants in their small streams compared to near-natural bogs, with elevated levels of total dissolved nitrogen, sulphate, and electrical conductivity. The study highlights the need for management instruments and routine monitoring to improve water quality in the region and protect the valuable peatland ecosystem.
Article
Soil Science
Haojie Liu, Fereidoun Rezanezhad, Bernd Lennartz
Summary: Peatlands around the world, drained for agriculture and forestry practices, have led to carbon and water loss, as well as soil degradation. Research shows that the soil's available water capacity increases with bulk density but decreases significantly with further increases in bulk density. The average available water capacity of agricultural peatlands in Germany is estimated to be 37.8%, with a water storage of approximately 19.3 km³.
Article
Forestry
Austin M. Yantes, Samuel P. Reed, Anna M. Yang, Rebecca A. Montgomery
Summary: Temperate savannas are unique and biodiverse ecosystems that have experienced extensive habitat conversion worldwide. In the midwestern United States, the majority of historic oak savanna area has been lost, and the remaining patches are degraded due to the absence of fire and large herbivore disturbances. Restoring the degraded savanna remnants is challenging due to a lack of understanding of how to effectively mimic historic disturbance dynamics.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Sarmini Maheswaran, Lydia M. Cranston, James P. Millner, David J. Horne, James A. Hanly, Paul R. Kenyon, Peter D. Kemp
Summary: Sheep farmers can improve economic outcomes by increasing production levels, but this may lead to more nitrogen leaching. Therefore, using alternative forages like Italian ryegrass and plantain to increase production while reducing nitrogen leaching is of interest. This study compared nitrogen leaching under different forages and found that Italian ryegrass and plantain had smaller leaching losses in the first two years but increased losses in the third year, while winter brassica had greater losses overall.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Lesia Kinach, Kate Parizeau, Evan D. G. Fraser
AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES
(2020)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jake Astill, Rozita A. Dara, Evan D. G. Fraser, Bruce Roberts, Shayan Sharif
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lee Hannah, Patrick R. Roehrdanz, Krishna K. C. Bahadur, Evan D. G. Fraser, Camila Donatti, Leonardo Saenz, Timothy Max Wright, Robert J. Hijmans, Mark Mulligan, Aaron Berg, Arnout van Soesbergen
Article
Soil Science
Kenneth A. Byrne, Arit Efretuei, Kilian Walz, Gareth D. Clay
Summary: Peatlands in Ireland cover a significant portion of the land area and store a large amount of soil carbon. This study analyzed peat samples from horticultural extraction sites in Ireland, revealing typical elemental concentrations and ratios with site-to-site variability. The research also highlighted the importance of oxidative ratio (OR) in understanding organic matter synthesis and degradation, with values comparable to UK peat soils.
SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jonathan P. Ritson, Danielle M. Alderson, Clare H. Robinson, Alexandra E. Burkitt, Andreas Heinemeyer, Andrew G. Stimson, Angela Gallego-Sala, Angela Harris, Anne Quillet, Ashish A. Malik, Beth Cole, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Catherine M. Heppell, Damian W. Rivett, Dave M. Chandler, David R. Elliott, Emma L. Shuttleworth, Erik Lilleskov, Filipa Cox, Gareth D. Clay, Iain Diack, James Rowson, Jennifer Pratscher, Jonathan R. Lloyd, Jonathan S. Walker, Lisa R. Belyea, Marc G. Dumont, Mike Longden, Nicholle G. A. Bell, Rebekka R. E. Artz, Richard D. Bardgett, Robert Griffiths, Roxane Andersen, Sarah E. Chadburn, Simon M. Hutchinson, Susan E. Page, Tim Thom, William Burn, Martin G. Evans
Summary: Peatlands are important wetland ecosystems with great significance as natural habitats and major carbon stores. Improved understanding of soil microbiota and their influence on peatland functioning is crucial for restoring ecosystem services. Multidisciplinary collaborations and advances in genetic characterisation of microbial communities are necessary to achieve climate targets and cost-effectively deliver ecosystem services.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gael Grenouillet, Kevin S. McCann, Bailey C. McMeans, Evan Fraser, Nam So, Zeb S. Hogan, Sovan Lek, Peng Bun Ngor
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Poritosh Roy, Lisa Ashton, Maria G. Corradini, Evan D. G. Fraser, Mahendra Thimmanagari, Mike Tiessan, Atul Bali, Khurshid M. Saharan, Amar K. Mohanty, Manjusri Misra
Summary: Plastic waste issue has gained global attention, efforts are being made to replace single-use plastic straws, yet the potential impacts on environment, economy, and society need further analysis.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Abbas Yazdinejad, Behrouz Zolfaghari, Amin Azmoodeh, Ali Dehghantanha, Hadis Karimipour, Evan Fraser, Arthur G. Green, Conor Russell, Emily Duncan
Summary: Smart Farming and Precision Agriculture have attracted attention in recent years for their potential to improve efficiency in agriculture. However, they also introduce new security threats that require awareness and proper countermeasures. This paper categorizes security threats within the SF/PA areas and provides a taxonomy for detecting cyber threats in SF and PA environments.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
I. M. Boothroyd, F. Worrall, C. S. Moody, G. D. Clay, G. D. Abbott, R. Rose
Summary: The reduction of sulfate (SO42-) serves as an alternative terminal electron acceptor for organic matter oxidation in peat soils. A study in the North Pennines, England estimated a 23-year sulfur (S) budget for a blanket bog-covered catchment, showing a significant decline in atmospheric deposition of total S, long term accumulation of S in deep peat, and the peatland's capability of net removal of atmospheric S deposition.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Addisalem (Addis) Benyam, Tammara Soma, Evan Fraser
Summary: Agricultural digitization has the potential to reduce food loss and waste, but current primary drivers are economic gains and cost reduction, rather than food loss prevention. The prohibitive investment costs and digital divide between technology adaptors limit the broad uptake of digital agricultural technologies in addressing food loss and waste.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alesandros Glaros, Sarah Marquis, Chelsea Major, Philip Quarshie, Lisa Ashton, Arthur G. Green, Krishna B. Kc, Lenore Newman, Robert Newell, Rickey Y. Yada, Evan D. G. Fraser
Summary: This paper critically reviews five food frontiers and assesses their potential in reducing environmental footprints and enhancing food system sustainability. The findings suggest that cellular agriculture, controlled environment agriculture, entomophagy, and seaweed aquaculture have similar positive impacts, with controlled environment agriculture appearing to be the most feasible technology for large-scale implementation. The potential impacts of climate-driven northern agricultural expansion are mixed and may pose multiple risks to the global food system.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Mark Usher, Jonathan Huck, Gareth Clay, Emma Shuttleworth, Janice Astbury
Summary: The modern hydraulic approach of canalizing and culverting waterways has caused damage to urban ecology and community relations. Waterway restoration, particularly deculverting, has become a common design solution in recent years, but there is a noticeable gap between professional and community perspectives, highlighting the need for more community engagement and involvement in project planning.
ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING E-NATURE AND SPACE
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
E. M. Bennett, P. Morrison, J. M. Holzer, K. J. Winkler, E. D. G. Fraser, S. J. Green, B. E. Robinson, K. Sherren, J. Botzas-Coluni, W. Palen
Summary: Place-based social-ecological research aims to improve local environmental governance while also providing insights for decision-making on larger scales or in other locations. However, transferring local perspectives and aggregating understanding to larger scales poses challenges.
ECOSYSTEMS AND PEOPLE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Philip Tetteh Quarshie, Abdul-Rahim Abdulai, Evan D. G. Fraser
Summary: The study highlights how constraints in the Early Generation Seeds value chain in Ghana hinder the commercialization and adoption of High Yielding Varieties (HYV) among smallholders, affecting trust and limiting the availability of improved seeds. To address these issues, targeted public and private sector relationships that recognize the critical roles of diverse actors in the value chain must be pursued.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2021)
Correction
Food Science & Technology
Brajesh K. Singh, Tom Arnold, Patricia Biermayr-Jenzano, Jacqueline Broerse, Gianluca Brunori, Patrick Caron, Olivier De Schutter, Shenggen Fan, Jessica Fanzo, Evan Fraser, Mirjana Gurinovic, Marta Hugas, Jacqueline McGlade, Christine Nellemann, Jemimah Njuki, Roberta Sonnino, Hanna L. Tuomisto, Seta Tutundjian, Patrick Webb, Justus Wesseler
Article
Engineering, Civil
Arfan Arshad, Ali Mirchi, Javier Vilcaez, Muhammad Umar Akbar, Kaveh Madani
Summary: High-resolution, continuous groundwater data is crucial for adaptive aquifer management. This study presents a predictive modeling framework that incorporates covariates and existing observations to estimate groundwater level changes. The framework outperforms other methods and provides reliable estimates for unmonitored sites. The study also examines groundwater level changes in different regions and highlights the importance of effective aquifer management.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lihua Chen, Jie Deng, Wenzhe Yang, Hang Chen
Summary: A new grid-based distributed karst hydrological model (GDKHM) is developed to simulate streamflow in the flood-prone karst area of Southwest China. The results show that the GDKHM performs well in predicting floods and capturing the spatial variability of karst system.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Faruk Gurbuz, Avinash Mudireddy, Ricardo Mantilla, Shaoping Xiao
Summary: Machine learning algorithms have shown better performance in streamflow prediction compared to traditional hydrological models. In this study, researchers proposed a methodology to test and benchmark ML algorithms using artificial data generated by physically-based hydrological models. They found that deep learning algorithms can correctly identify the relationship between streamflow and rainfall in certain conditions, but fail to outperform traditional prediction methods in other scenarios.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yadong Ji, Jianyu Fu, Bingjun Liu, Zeqin Huang, Xuejin Tan
Summary: This study distinguishes the uncertainty in drought projection into scenario uncertainty, model uncertainty, and internal variability uncertainty. The results show that the estimation of total uncertainty reaches a minimum in the mid-21st century and that model uncertainty is dominant in tropical regions.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Z. R. van Leeuwen, M. J. Klaar, M. W. Smith, L. E. Brown
Summary: This study quantifies the effectiveness of leaky dams in reducing flood peak magnitude using a transfer function noise modelling approach. The results show that leaky dams have a significant but highly variable impact on flood peak magnitude, and managing expectations should consider event size and type.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zeda Yin, Yasaman Saadati, M. Hadi Amini, Linlong Bian, Beichao Hu
Summary: Combined sewer overflows pose significant threats to public health and the environment, and various strategies have been proposed to mitigate their adverse effects. Smart control strategies have gained traction due to their cost-effectiveness but face challenges in balancing precision and computational efficiency. To address this, we propose exploring machine learning models and the inversion of neural networks for more efficient CSO prediction and optimization.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Qimou Zhang, Jiacong Huang, Jing Zhang, Rui Qian, Zhen Cui, Junfeng Gao
Summary: This study developed a N-cycling model for lowland rural rivers covered by macrophytes and investigated the N imports, exports, and response to sediment dredging. The findings showed a considerable N retention ability in the study river, with significant N imports from connected rivers and surrounding polders. Sediment dredging increased particulate nitrogen resuspension and settling rates, while decreasing ammonia nitrogen release, denitrification, and macrophyte uptake rates.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xue Li, Yingyin Zhou, Jian Sha, Man Zhang, Zhong-Liang Wang
Summary: High-resolution climate data is crucial for predicting regional climate and water environment changes. In this study, a two-step downscaling method was developed to enhance the spatial resolution of GCM data and improve the accuracy for small basins. The method combined medium-resolution climate data with high-resolution topographic data to capture spatial and temporal details. The downscaled climate data were then used to simulate the impacts of climate change on hydrology and water quality in a small basin. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the downscaling method for spatially differentiated simulations.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Tongqing Shen, Peng Jiang, Jiahui Zhao, Xuegao Chen, Hui Lin, Bin Yang, Changhai Tan, Ying Zhang, Xinting Fu, Zhongbo Yu
Summary: This study evaluates the long-term interannual dynamics of permafrost distribution and active layer thickness on the Tibetan Plateau, and predicts future degradation trends. The results show that permafrost area has been decreasing and active layer thickness has been increasing, with an accelerated degradation observed in recent decades. This has significant implications for local water cycle processes, water ecology, and water security.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chi Zhang, Xu Zhang, Qiuhong Tang, Deliang Chen, Jinchuan Huang, Shaohong Wu, Yubo Liu
Summary: Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau is influenced by systems such as the Asian monsoons, the westerlies, and local circulations. The Indian monsoon, the westerlies, and local circulations are the main systems affecting precipitation over the entire Tibetan Plateau. The East Asian summer monsoon primarily affects the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The Indian monsoon has the greatest influence on precipitation in the southern and central grid cells, while the westerlies have the greatest influence on precipitation in the northern and western grid cells. Local circulations have the strongest influence on the central and eastern grid cells.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Manuel Almeida, Antonio Rodrigues, Pedro Coelho
Summary: This study aimed to improve the accuracy of Total Phosphorus export coefficient models, which are essential for water management. Four different models were applied to 27 agroforestry watersheds in the Mediterranean region. The modeling approach showed significant improvements in predicting the Total Phosphorus diffuse loads.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yutao Wang, Haojie Yin, Ziyi Wang, Yi Li, Pingping Wang, Longfei Wang
Summary: This study investigated the distribution and transformation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in riverbed sediments impacted by effluent discharge. The authors found that the spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface water and sediment porewater could be used to predict DON variations in riverbed sediments. Random forest and extreme gradient boosting machine learning methods were employed to provide accurate predictions of DON content and properties at different depths. These findings have important implications for wastewater discharge management and river health.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Saba Mirza Alipour, Kolbjorn Engeland, Joao Leal
Summary: This study assesses the uncertainty associated with 100-year flood maps under different scenarios using Monte Carlo simulations. The findings highlight the importance of employing probabilistic approaches for accurate and secure flood maps, with the selection of probability distribution being the primary source of uncertainty in precipitation.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Janine A. de Wit, Marjolein H. J. van Huijgevoort, Jos C. van Dam, Ge A. P. H. van den Eertwegh, Dion van Deijl, Coen J. Ritsema, Ruud P. Bartholomeus
Summary: The study focuses on the hydrological consequences of controlled drainage with subirrigation (CD-SI) on groundwater level, soil moisture content, and soil water potential. The simulations show that CD-SI can improve hydrological conditions for crop growth, but the success depends on subtle differences in geohydrologic characteristics.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Constantin Seidl, Sarah Ann Wheeler, Declan Page
Summary: Water availability and quality issues will become increasingly important in the future due to climate change impacts. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is an effective water management tool, but often overlooked. This study analyzes global MAR applications and identifies the key factors for success, providing valuable insights for future design and application.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)