Article
Infectious Diseases
Sean Lee, Neha Nanda, Kenichiro Yamaguchi, Yelim Lee, Rosemary C. She
Summary: This study investigated the validity of using toxin B PCR cycle threshold (tcdB C-t) as a rapid and accurate method for detecting Clostridioides difficile toxin. The findings suggest that very low C-t values may have limited value in predicting positive toxin status using the cell cytotoxin neutralization assay (CCNA). Additional data are needed to support the use of C-t values in clinical laboratory reporting.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Masako Mizusawa, Karen C. Carroll
Summary: Despite changes in the epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile, the optimal test for diagnosis of C. difficile disease has not been identified. Diagnostic stewardship can improve test utilization, especially with molecular methods. Advances in toxin testing and biomarkers may improve diagnostic approaches in the future.
CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Giuseppe Esposito, Chiara Corpetti, Marcella Pesce, Luisa Seguella, Giuseppe Annunziata, Alessandro Del Re, Martina Vincenzi, Roberta Lattanzi, Jie Lu, Walter Sanseverino, Giovanni Sarnelli
Summary: The newly designed PEA-producing probiotic showed therapeutic potential in inhibiting colonic inflammation and restoring tight junction protein expression in a mouse model of CDI.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Srijita Basak, Debashrito Deb, Utkarsh Narsaria, Tamalika Kar, Filippo Castiglione, Indraneel Sanyal, Pratap D. Bade, Anurag P. Srivastava
Summary: Clostridium difficile infection is a major health-associated infection with high incidence and mortality rates. A chimeric vaccine candidate was designed using immunoinformatics, which showed stability and reliability in silico and molecular dynamics simulations. Docking studies demonstrated stable interactions with immune receptors, and in silico modeling indicated competent expression in E. coli system for potential immune response.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anthony M. Buckley, James Altringham, Emma Clark, Karen Bently, William Spittal, Duncan Ewin, Vikki Wilkinson, Georgina Davis, Ines B. Moura, Mark H. Wilcox
Summary: The study found that eravacycline has an impact on the intestinal microbiota but with a low propensity to induce Clostridioides difficile infection. In contrast, moxifloxacin disrupts the microbiota leading to simulated C. difficile infection.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinglue Song, Xia Shen, Zhenyu Huang, Yun Liu, Long Cui, Xuewei Cui, Chen-Ying Liu
Summary: Toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile disrupt the Hippo pathway, leading to sequestration and inactivation of YAP and TAZ in colonic epithelial cells. Overexpression of YAP restores cell function and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating CDI.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jose F. Garcia-Fuentes, Brenda J. Torres-Murillo, Gilberto Aguilar-Orozco, Elida Gonzalez, Juan L. Mosqueda, Alejandro E. Macias, Jose A. Alvarez
Summary: The GDH test shows high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing Clostridioides difficile infection, but a negative GDH result does not completely exclude infection; Clostridioides difficile toxins detection may be necessary in institutions where nucleic acid amplification is not affordable or accessible.
GACETA MEDICA DE MEXICO
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Miad Elahi, Haruyuki Nakayama-Imaohji, Masahito Hashimoto, Ayano Tada, Hisashi Yamasaki, Tamiko Nagao, Tomomi Kuwahara
Summary: The gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT) suppresses Clostridium difficile (CD) toxin production by inhibiting polysaccharide metabolism pathways. Polysaccharide fractions derived from BT can suppress CD toxin production, with cell wall-associated glycans playing a key role in this inhibitory effect.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peng An Khun, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This review provides an overview of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in southeast Asia, including its prevalence, detection methods, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the potential significance of a One Health approach. CDI is a common cause of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis worldwide, with higher rates observed in high-income countries. Lack of knowledge and awareness about CDI, along with antimicrobial abuse and inadequate education on appropriate usage, contribute to its evolution. Underreporting of CDI rates and misuse of antimicrobial agents pose a significant threat in regions like Indochina, while C. difficile RT 017 strain is endemic in southeast Asia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mahmoud Fayez, Waleed R. El-Ghareeb, Ahmed Elmoslemany, Saleem J. Alsunaini, Mohamed Alkafafy, Othman M. Alzahrani, Samy F. Mahmoud, Ibrahim Elsohaby
Summary: The study investigated the presence of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile in camel minced meat samples collected from small butcher shops and supermarkets in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. It was found that most isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial, with some showing multidrug resistance. This highlights the importance of enforcing food safety standards and conducting regular inspections in abattoirs, small butcher shops, and supermarkets.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hae-Sun Chung, Jeong Su Park, Bo-Moon Shin, Hyeon Mi Yoo, Heejung Kim, Jihyun Cho, Chae Hoon Lee, Nam Hee Ryoo, Jae-Seok Kim, Jae-Woo Chung, Ki Ho Hong, You Sun Kim, Young-Seok Cho
Summary: This study investigated the current status of CDI laboratory diagnosis in Korea, finding that 90 institutions conducted CDI assays using various methods, with toxin AR EIA being perceived less sensitive and NAAT perceived mostly positive for sensitivity and specificity. The study also discovered that 63 institutions performed CDI surveillance.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Waleed A. Hassanain, Julia Spoors, Christopher L. Johnson, Karen Faulds, Neil Keegan, Duncan Graham
Summary: The study introduces a novel testing platform for the rapid and simultaneous detection of two specific biomarkers of Clostridium difficile infection, providing a rapid, selective, sensitive, and cost-effective clinical evaluation method for CDI.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carmen Klepka, Moritz Sandmann, Helma Tatge, Matthew Mangan, Annabel Arens, Daniel Henkel, Ralf Gerhard
Summary: This study investigated the uptake, localization, and degradation of TcdB and found that TcdB enters cells via endocytosis and follows the endosomal-lysosomal route. Lysosomal dysfunction induced by TcdB interferes with the degradation process of the toxin, leading to the accumulation of the released GTD.
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chengcheng Liu, Chenjie Tang, Yaping Han, Yuqiao Xu, Fang Ni, Ke Jin, Genyan Liu
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of different CDI diagnostic algorithms, showing that the GDH-NAAT algorithm has high concordance, specificity, and sensitivity in detecting toxigenic C. difficile, making it a cost-effective recommended method.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Namsu Kim, Seung Yeob Lee, Joonhong Park, Jaehyeon Lee
Summary: This study evaluated three immunoassays for the simultaneous detection of GDH and CD toxin A/B. The results showed that QCC GDH and toxin A/B assay demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity compared to the other two immunoassays, making it useful in the initial step of diagnosing CDI.
Article
Pediatrics
Idowu O. Senbanjo, Chin Lye Ch'ng, Stephen J. Allen
PAEDIATRICS AND INTERNATIONAL CHILD HEALTH
(2017)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elin Thomas, Hasan Haboubi, Namor Williams, Aled Lloyd, Chin Lye Ch'ng
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS
(2017)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Janine Bates, Nick A. Francis, Patrick White, David Gillespie, Emma Thomas-Jones, Rachel Breen, Nigel Kirby, Kerry Hood, Micaela Gal, Rhiannon Phillips, Gurudutt Naik, Jochen Cals, Carl Llor, Hasse Melbye, Mandy Wootton, Evgenia Riga, Ann Cochrane, Robin Howe, Deborah Fitzsimmons, Bernadette Sewell, Mohammed Fasihul Alam, Christopher C. Butler
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jessica K. Dyson, Lin Lee Wong, Theophile Bigirumurame, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Stuart Kendrick, Ye H. Oo, Ansgar W. Lohse, Michael A. Heneghan, David E. J. Jones
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2018)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Helen Snooks, Kerry Bailey-Jones, Deborah Burge-Jones, Jeremy Dale, Jan Davies, Bridie Angela Evans, Angela Farr, Deborah Fitzsimmons, Martin Heaven, Helen Howson, Hayley Hutchings, Gareth John, Mark Kingston, Leo Lewis, Ceri Phillips, Alison Porter, Bernadette Sewell, Daniel Warm, Alan Watkins, Shirley Whitman, Victoria Williams, Ian Russell
BMJ QUALITY & SAFETY
(2019)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yvonne Moriarty, Julia Townson, Harriet Quinn-Scoggins, Louise Padgett, Sioned Owen, Stephanie Smits, Rebecca Playle, Polyxeni Dimitropoulou, Bernadette Sewell, Vasiliki Kolovou, Peter Buckle, Ben Carter, Adrian Edwards, Julie Hepburn, Maura Matthews, Caroline Mitchell, Richard D. Neal, Michael Robling, Fiona Wood, Kate Brain
Article
Primary Health Care
Bernadette Sewell, Mari Jones, Helen Gray, Heather Wilkes, Catherine Lloyd-Bennett, Kim Beddow, Martin Bevan, Deborah Fitzsimmons
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2020)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nick A. Francis, David Gillespie, Patrick White, Janine Bates, Rachel Lowe, Bernadette Sewell, Rhiannon Phillips, Helen Stanton, Nigel Kirby, Mandy Wootton, Emma Thomas-Jones, Kerenza Hood, Carl Llor, Jochen Cols, Hasse Melbye, Gurudutt Naik, Micaela Gal, Deborah Fitzsimmons, Mohammed Fasihul Alam, Evgenia Riga, Ann Cochrane, Christopher C. Butle
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2020)
Article
Oncology
Yvonne Moriarty, Mandy Lau, Bernadette Sewell, Rob Trubey, Harriet Quinn-Scoggins, Sioned Owen, Louise Padgett, Vasiliki Kolovou, Julie Hepburn, Peter Buckle, Rebecca Playle, Julia Townson, Michael Robling, Stephanie Gilbert, Polyxeni Dimitropoulou, Adrian Edwards, Caroline Mitchell, Maura Matthews, Stephanie Smits, Fiona Wood, Richard D. Neal, Kate Brain
Summary: This study demonstrated that personalized behavioral advice intervention can improve cancer symptom recognition among adults in socioeconomically deprived communities, leading to earlier healthcare-seeking behaviors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Susan O'Connell, Saiful Islam, Bernadette Sewell, Angela Farr, Laura Knight, Nadim Bashir, Rhiannon Harries, Sian Jones, Andrew Cleves, Greg Fegan, Alan Watkins, Jared Torkington
Summary: The study compared the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Hughes abdominal closure method with standard mass closure method in patients undergoing surgical resection for colorectal cancer. The results showed that Hughes abdominal closure did not significantly reduce the occurrence of incisional hernias compared to standard mass closure. Computed tomography scanning was found to be more effective in detecting incisional hernias than clinical examination.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bernadette Sewell, Angela Farr, Ashley Akbari, Andrew Carson-Stevens, Jeremy Dale, Adrian Edwards, Bridie Angela Evans, Ann John, Fatemeh Torabi, Stephen Jolles, Mark Kingston, Jane Lyons, Ronan A. Lyons, Alison Porter, Alan Watkins, Victoria Williams, Helen Snooks
Summary: The EVITE Immunity study investigated the cost of implementing shielding measures in Wales, including the compilation of the shielding list, informing individuals, and providing necessary resources.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Douglas Adamson, Jane Blazeby, Catharine Porter, Christopher Hurt, Gareth Griffiths, Annmarie Nelson, Bernadette Sewell, Mari Jones, Martina Svobodova, Deborah Fitzsimmons, Lisette Nixon, Jim Fitzgibbon, Stephen Thomas, Anthony Millin, Tom Crosby, John Staffurth, Anthony Byrne
Summary: The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of combining palliative radiotherapy with stent insertion in maintaining swallowing ability, as well as the impact on quality of life, bleeding events, survival, and cost-effectiveness. Results showed that palliative external beam radiotherapy in combination with stent insertion did not reduce the risk of dysphagia recurrence at 12 weeks, had no impact on survival, and was less cost-effective than stent insertion alone.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emma Davies, Ceri Phillips, Jaynie Rance, Berni Sewell
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PAIN
(2019)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marco Carbone, Alessandra Nardi, Steve Flack, Guido Carpino, Nikoletta Varvaropoulou, Caius Gavrila, Ann Spicer, Jonathan Badrock, Francesca Bernuzzi, Vincenzo Cardinale, Holly F. Ainsworth, Michael A. Heneghan, Douglas Thorburn, Andrew Bathgate, Rebecca Jones, James M. Neuberger, Pier Maria Battezzati, Massimo Zuin, Simon Taylor-Robinson, Maria F. Donato, John Kirby, Robert Mitchell-Thain, Annarosa Floreani, Fotios Sampaziotis, Luigi Muratori, Domenico Alvaro, Marco Marzioni, Luca Miele, Fabio Marra, Edoardo Giannini, Eugenio Gaudio, Vincenzo Ronca, Giulia Bonato, Laura Cristoferi, Federica Malinverno, Alessio Gerussi, Deborah D. Stocken, Heather J. Cordell, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Graeme J. Alexander, Richard N. Sandford, David E. Jones, Pietro Invernizzi, George F. Mells
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hasan N. Y. Haboubi, Rizwan Diyar, Ann Benton, Chin Lye Ch'ng
CASE REPORTS IN GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINE
(2017)