Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alexandra Shingina, Nizar Mukhtar, Jamile Wakim-Fleming, Saleh Alqahtani, Robert J. Wong, Berkeley N. Limketkai, Anne M. Larson, Lafaine Grant
Summary: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, potentially reversible condition that causes severe liver damage and rapid clinical deterioration in patients without preexisting liver disease. Due to limited studies, guidelines provided by the American College of Gastroenterology serve as the official practice recommendations for the identification, treatment, and management of ALF. The guidelines were developed through a process of reviewing scientific evidence and using expert opinions when robust evidence was lacking. Individualized care should be applied in specific clinical scenarios due to the varied clinical presentations of ALF.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bryan D. Badal, Jasmohan S. Bajaj
Summary: The inclusion of acute encephalopathy in all society definitions of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) highlights its significance in the syndrome. Acute encephalopathy in ACLF is caused by severe inflammation, and it is important to identify reversible causes. Hepatic encephalopathy not only increases mortality in ACLF but also hinders evaluation for liver transplant due to patient instability. Further research is needed to identify at-risk individuals, develop better prognostic tools, and explore novel treatments. Optimal ICU care, palliative care services, and patient satisfaction should be considered in managing encephalopathic patients.
CLINICS IN LIVER DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jun Weng, Xu Han, Fanhong Zeng, Yue Zhang, Lei Feng, Lei Cai, Kangyan Liang, Shusong Liu, Shao Li, Gongbo Fu, Min Zeng, Yi Gao
Summary: The study utilized a fiber scaffold bioreactor for high-density, 3D culture of porcine hepatocytes to construct a bioartificial liver and evaluated its protective effects in an ALF porcine model. The bioartificial liver treatment enhanced liver regeneration, alleviated systemic inflammatory response, and reduced extrahepatic organ injury, leading to prolonged survival in the ALF model.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Piero Amodio, Sara Montagnese
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a form of brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency and/or portal-systemic shunting, with inconsistencies in its detection and management. Diagnosis of HE involves consideration of its phenotypes, risk factors, and differential diagnosis from other similar conditions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
So Yeong Cheon, Juhyun Song
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy and diabetic encephalopathy are emerging types of neurological diseases characterized by cognitive and motor impairments. The relationship between metabolic organs and the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Johanna Ascher Bartlett, Rohit Kohli
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition associated with both chronic and acute liver disease, characterized by mental status changes and neuropsychiatric impairment. It can be challenging to identify in children, but careful assessment is crucial as symptom progression may indicate cerebral edema and systemic deterioration. Hyperammonemia may be present, but its degree does not correlate with clinical severity. Current treatment options include addressing the underlying cause and reducing high ammonia levels with medications or extracorporeal liver support.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Julien Marlet, Clement Lier, Emmanuelle Roch, Alain Moreau, Benjamin Combe, Lynda Handala, Sandrine Lefeuvre, Morgan Maugey, Laure Elkrief, Louis D'Alteroche, Pascal Potier, Denys Brand, Catherine Gaudy-Graffin
Summary: The study found that treatment failure with entecavir does not necessarily require resistance mutations in the entire HBV genome; certain mutations may also be selected before or during treatment and contribute to treatment failure through mechanisms other than increased resistance.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Hui Zhang, Jianchun Xian, Yang Li, Li Xiao, Lu Wang
Summary: Combining tenofovir with recombinant human interferon alpha-2b has shown clinical value in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. It can increase the serum HBeAg negative conversion rate, improve liver function and immune status, and has good safety profile.
EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Takao Miwa, Tatsunori Hanai, Maeda Toshihide, Yui Ogiso, Kenji Imai, Atsushi Suetsugu, Koji Takai, Makoto Shiraki, Naoki Katsumura, Masahito Shimizu
Summary: Zinc deficiency may predict the development of OHE and mortality in LC patients with MHE.
HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Piotr F. Czempik, Michal P. Pluta, Mariusz Hofman, Piotr S. Liberski, Tomasz Jaworski, Anna Szczepanska, Oskar Bozek
Summary: A 54-year-old male with impaired consciousness was admitted to the ICU. His medical history included alcohol dependence, liver cirrhosis, esophageal varices, previous banding procedures, and obesity. Imaging tests initially showed no abnormalities, but an urgent esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed esophageal varices and scarification. Further investigations including neurologic assessment and MRI led to a diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. CT of the abdomen confirmed the diagnosis by showing intussusception of the ileum.
Article
Pediatrics
James E. Squires, Patrick J. McKiernan, Robert H. Squires
Summary: This study aims to develop criteria for acute liver dysfunction in critically ill children. Through a systematic review, criteria including duration of symptoms, biochemical evidence, and liver-based coagulopathy were proposed. The study also acknowledges the limitations of the research.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lorenz Balcar, Julia Krawanja, Bernhard Scheiner, Rafael Paternostro, Benedikt Simbrunner, Georg Semmler, Mathias Jachs, Lukas Hartl, Albert Friedrich Staettermayer, Philipp Schwabl, Matthias Pinter, Thomas Szekeres, Michael Trauner, Thomas Reiberger, Mattias Mandorfer
Summary: A recent study investigated the prognostic value of venous ammonia levels for liver-related outcomes while considering portal hypertension and systemic inflammation severity. Venous ammonia was found to predict hepatic decompensation, non-elective liver-related hospitalisation, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and liver-related death.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mo-Jong Kim, Jung-Hee Kim, Jang-Han Jung, Sung-Eun Kim, Hyoung-Su Kim, Myoung-Kuk Jang, Sang-Hoon Park, Myung-Seok Lee, Ki Tae Suk, Dong Joon Kim, Eun-Kyoung Choi, Ji-Won Park
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic ability of serum S100B in discriminating the grade of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and its correlation with other parameters. The results showed that serum S100B level was not useful for differentiating the severity of HE, but it could be affected by age, serum bilirubin, and creatinine levels and was associated with MELD scores. Additionally, serum S100B levels showed the possibility of predicting 1-year mortality in cirrhotic patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Liyuan Long, Hai Li, Guohong Deng, Xianbo Wang, Sihong Lu, Beiling Li, Zhongji Meng, Yanhang Gao, Zhiping Qian, Feng Liu, Xiaobo Lu, Haotang Ren, Jia Shang, Hai Li, Shaoyang Wang, Yubao Zheng, Huadong Yan, Shan Yin, Wenting Tan, Qun Zhang, Xin Zheng, Jinjun Chen, Sen Luo, Jinming Zhao, Wei Yuan, Tao Li, Rongjiong Zheng, Junping Liu, Xiaoxiao Liu, Wenyi Gu, Sumeng Li, Xue Mei, Ruochan Chen, Yan Huang
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy has a significant impact on adverse outcomes in patients with acute-on-chronic liver diseases, especially in those with grades 3-4 hepatic encephalopathy. Patients with alcohol consumption are more likely to develop hepatic encephalopathy compared to those with hepatitis B virus infection, and the impact of different grades of hepatic encephalopathy on adverse outcomes increases progressively.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jonathan Li, Vivian Wu, Calvin Q. Pan
Summary: This study reviewed the literature on the optimal timing for HCV treatment relative to liver transplantation (LT) and proposed an algorithm for managing patients with MELD scores between 18 and 20. The results indicated that DAA therapy before LT in patients with MELD scores < 18 and DAA therapy post-LT in MELD scores > 20 can achieve favorable treatment outcomes and survival rates.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Huapeng Lin, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Xinrong Zhang, Guanlin Li, Yee-Kit Tse, Vicki Wing-Ki Hui, Lilian Yan Liang, Jimmy Che-To Lai, Stephen Lam Chan, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
Summary: The relative importance of liver-related death increases with age in patients with NAFLD, especially among women.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Jian Hou, Vincent W-S Wong, Yurui Qian, Baiyan Jiang, Anthony W-H Chan, Howard H-W Leung, Grace L-H Wong, Simon C-H Yu, Winnie C-W Chu, Weitian Chen
Summary: This study used MPF-SL technology to measure macromolecule levels in the liver and found that it can detect early-stage liver fibrosis, and is not confounded by liver iron concentration or fat fraction.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Stephanie C. Y. Yu, Jiaen Deng, Rong Qiao, Suk Hang Cheng, Wenlei Peng, So Ling Lau, L. Y. Lois Choy, Tak Y. Leung, John Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Grace L. H. Wong, Peiyong Jiang, Rossa W. K. Chiu, K. C. Allen Chan, Y. M. Dennis Lo
Summary: Recent studies have highlighted the presence of a substantial amount of analyzable long cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma through single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing. In this study, the size biases of SMRT sequencing by PacBio and nanopore sequencing by ONT were evaluated. The results showed that both platforms had biases towards sequencing longer DNA fragments, with PacBio showing a stronger bias. Tissue-of-origin analysis based on single-molecule methylation patterns performed comparably on both platforms. It is important to be aware of the analytical characteristics and biases of the sequencing platforms used when analyzing the size and end motif of cfDNA.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Grace Chung-Yan Lui, Mandy Sze-Man Lai, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Yee-Kit Tse, Bosco Hon-Ming Ma, Elsie Hui, Maria K. W. Leung, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, David Shu-Cheong Hui, Grace Lai-Hung Wong
Summary: A study on community patients in Hong Kong found that the use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization, while molnupiravir did not show this effect.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jacob George, George Lau, Takumi Kawaguchi, Jian-Gao Fan, Jia Ji-Dong, Fu-Sheng Wang, Manoj Kumar, Shiv Kumar Sarin, Masao Omata, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Mohammed Eslam
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Grace Lai-Hung Wong
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Claudia Wing-Kwan Wu, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Tsz-Fai Yam, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Angus Chun-Hei Wong, Brian Wai-Nok Chan, Matthew Man-Lok Fong, Jimmy Che-To Lai, Yee-Kit Tse, Kit-Fai Lee, Tony Shu-Kam Mok, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Rashid Nok-Shun Lui, Stephen Lam Chan, Kelvin Kwok-Chai Ng
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of Baveno VII criteria in predicting varices needing treatment (VNT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients at different stages. The results showed that the criteria were valid and applicable across all Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages of HCC, as the proportion of patients with VNT was below 5% in all stages.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ru Zhang, Yunbi Ni, Cosmos L. T. Guo, Rashid N. S. Lui, William W. K. Wu, Joseph J. Y. Sung, Vincent W. S. Wong, Sunny H. Wong
Summary: This study investigated the clinical risk factors of colorectal sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) in Chinese individuals and found that dyslipidemia and diabetes were independent risk factors for SSLs.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xinrong Zhang, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Wei-Xuan Leow, Lilian Yan Liang, Lee-Ling Lim, Guanlin Li, Luqman Ibrahim, Huapeng Lin, Jimmy Che To Lai, Angel Mei-Ling Chim, Henry Lik Yuen Chan, Alice Pik-Shan Kong, Wah Kheong Chan, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
Summary: The study aimed to investigate whether automated fibrosis score calculation and electronic reminder messages could increase the detection of advanced liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that in the intervention group using automated fibrosis score calculation and electronic reminders, 33.3% of patients received appropriate care, compared to only 3.1% in the control group.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Grace Chung-Yan Lui, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Hung-Chih Yang, Wang-Huei Sheng, Sun Hee Lee
Summary: This article describes the prevalence, clinical practice, and management recommendations for people living with HIV-HBV co-infection in Asia. The study found that the prevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection is higher in Asia and varies significantly between different regions. Early screening and treatment are important in preventing complications. Additionally, HBV vaccination programs are effective in reducing co-infection rates.
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Che-To Lai, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Angel Mei-Ling Chim, Vicki Wing-Ki Hui, Yee-Kit Tse, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Grace Lai-Hung Wong
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Che-To Lai, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Vicki Wing-Ki Hui, Yee-Kit Tse, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Grace Lai-Hung Wong
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yan Liang, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Jimmy Che-To Lai, Amy Shuk-Man Lam, Yee-Kit Tse, Vicki Wing-Ki Hui, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Wayne Yau-Wang Hui, Wilfred Wang-Fung Ho, Zackary Kwun-Lam Tsang, Tsz-Fai Yam, Mandy Sze-Man Lai, Yee-Kit Tse, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong