Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Attardo, Olimpia Musumeci, Daniele Velardo, Antonio Toscano
Summary: Statins, commonly prescribed for high-risk patients with cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases, may cause neuromuscular side effects and potentially lead to neuromuscular damage. Clinical follow-up of patients can help identify early side effects and improve treatment approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mujaheed Abubakar, Salanee Kandandapani, Saharuddin B. Mohamed, Adyani Azizah Abd Halim, Saad Tayyab
Summary: The molecular interaction between clevudine and human serum albumin was investigated, revealing the formation of a complex. The static mode of protein fluorescence quenching was involved, supported by hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces. The binding site of clevudine in human serum albumin was identified in subdomain IIA (Site I).
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Thomas Tremblay, Jessica B. Alcee, Denis Giguere
Summary: Unnatural nucleoside analogues, including clevudine, are important tools for research and clinical purposes, particularly in the fields of antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral agents. This study presents a new strategy for the synthesis of clevudine, an l-nucleoside used to treat hepatitis B virus. The synthesis starts from 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-galactopyranose and involves key steps such as iodine-promoted cyclization and oxidative cleavage to obtain the l-arabinofuranosyl scaffold.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jade Pattyn, Greet Hendrickx, Alex Vorsters, Pierre Van Damme
Summary: The coverage of hepatitis B vaccines is increasing, and the effective implementation of vaccination programs has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality related to hepatitis B.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mehrangiz Zangeneh, Masoomeh Mesgarian, Yasamin Khosravani-Nezhad
Summary: This case report describes a close association between hepatitis B infection and myopathy. The symptoms of myopathy improved after improving hepatitis symptoms and decreasing hepatitis B viral load.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Daniel Sauter, Frank Kirchhoff
Summary: Human cells are equipped with various antiviral proteins to protect against viral pathogens, but excessive antiviral activity may have detrimental effects on the host. Particularly focusing on antiretroviral proteins, this review discusses how individual restriction factors may have adverse effects on host cells as a trade-off for efficient defense against attacking pathogens.
Article
Immunology
Yu Liu, Minyi Zhang, Meiling Yang, Qing Chen
Summary: The study on adverse events following hepatitis B virus vaccination in Guangdong Province, China from 2005 to 2017 found a low incidence of adverse reactions, with most cases being relatively mild and neurological events being rare.
Article
Pediatrics
Jinmiao Lu, Xunjie Zhang, Hong Xu, Zhiping Li
Summary: This study investigated serious adverse events (SAE) after Hepatitis B vaccination and found that a small number of patients experienced myocarditis, interstitial pneumonia, and encephalitis. Myocarditis may be caused by immune protein reactions induced by the vaccine. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of myocarditis caused by the COVID-19 vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kavita M. Grover, Naganand Sripathi
Summary: This article reviews the prevention of serious adverse clinical outcomes and treatment side effects in patients with neuromuscular disorders, including myopathies and myasthenia gravis. Although these conditions are not preventable, their course can be modified, and severe sequelae can be prevented by identifying risk factors and proactive treatment planning.
SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu, Dinender K. Singla
Summary: This study investigates the novel role of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in ameliorating metabolic alterations, inflammation, pyroptosis, TGF-beta/SMAD cell signaling mechanisms, and the progression of diabetic myopathy. The results suggest that BMP-7 could be a potential treatment option for diabetic muscle myopathy by attenuating hypercholesterolemia-induced inflammation-mediated sarcopenia and adverse muscle remodeling.
Review
Immunology
Shuling Wu, Wei Yi, Yuanjiao Gao, Wen Deng, Xiaoyue Bi, Yanjie Lin, Liu Yang, Yao Lu, Ruyu Liu, Min Chang, Ge Shen, Leiping Hu, Lu Zhang, Minghui Li, Yao Xie
Summary: Functional cure is considered achieved when chronic hepatitis B patients achieve HBsAg seroclearance after treatment. Clearing the virus is challenging due to the difficulty in clearing both cccDNA and integrated dslDNA. High levels of HBsAg in the serum lead to immune system failure, making it unable to produce an effective antiviral response. Only less than 1% of chronic hepatitis B patients are cured annually with antiviral treatment. Coinfection with other viruses such as HIV, HCV, and HDV makes it even more difficult to cure. However, it has been found that patients with coinfection have a higher probability of achieving HBsAg seroclearance, especially those with HBV/HIV coinfection with up to 36% 5-year seroclerance rate. This interesting phenomenon is related to the functional reconstruction of the immune system after antiretroviral therapy (ART).
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Rex Wan-Hin Hui, Keith Wan-Hang Chiu, Lung Yi Mak, Hing-Chiu Chang, Ka-Shing Cheung, James Fung, Man-Fung Yuen, Wai-Kay Seto
Summary: This study assessed the utility of multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in predicting prognosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The results showed that liver iron level measured by MR can predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with advanced CHB. However, liver MR metrics were not predictive of death or hepatic decompensation. Additionally, multiparametric MR can simultaneously assess the pancreas and liver. These findings suggest that multiparametric MR could be a convenient option for monitoring and prognosticating CHB.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Laurens A. van Kleef, Hannah S. J. Choi, Willem P. Brouwer, Bettina E. Hansen, Keyur Patel, Robert A. de Man, Harry L. A. Janssen, Robert J. de Knegt, Milan J. Sonneveld
Summary: The study found that the presence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is associated with an increased risk of liver-related adverse events and death. Among patients with MAFLD, the presence of steatohepatitis did not increase the risk of adverse outcomes.
Article
Virology
Yu-Jheng Lin, Li-Chiu Wang, Huey-Pin Tsai, Chia-Yu Chi, Chih-Peng Chang, Shun-Hua Chen, Shih-Min Wang
Summary: Curcumin exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects in CVB3 infection, improving survival rate and clinical scores in mice and reducing viral titer and liver damage.
Review
Virology
Marina Campos-Valdez, Hugo C. Monroy-Ramirez, Juan Armendariz-Borunda, Laura Sanchez-Orozco
Summary: Research on the immunopathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is complex, particularly due to difficulties in identifying patients at appropriate time points. Valuable data from animal and in vitro models has helped clarify some aspects of the early immune response. The diversity of HBV genotypes and variants is associated with disease development, outcomes, and treatment responses.
