Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xinyue Wang, Xun Jiang, King-Fai Li, Mao-Chang Liang, Le Kuai, Lin Tan, Yuk L. L. Yung
Summary: Mid-tropospheric Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) levels in the Amazon rainforest vary between dry and wet seasons, with higher OCS concentrations during the dry season. This is due to less OCS uptake by vegetation and soil, as well as increased OCS release from biomass burning. Additionally, strong sinking air during the dry season contributes to the trapping of OCS, leading to positive OCS anomalies. The findings from the TES retrievals and the MOZART-4 model help improve our understanding of OCS variations and photosynthetic activities.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christoph A. Keller, Mathew J. Evans, K. Emma Knowland, Christa A. Hasenkopf, Sruti Modekurty, Robert A. Lucchesi, Tomohiro Oda, Bruno B. Franca, Felipe C. Mandarino, M. Valeria Diaz Suarez, Robert G. Ryan, Luke H. Fakes, Steven Pawson
Summary: Social distancing measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in a widespread reduction in air pollutant emissions. Reductions in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have coincided with the timing and intensity of COVID-19 restrictions, while the overall impact on surface ozone (O-3) has been relatively small.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuanhong Zhao, Marielle Saunois, Philippe Bousquet, Xin Lin, Michaela I. Hegglin, Josep G. Canadell, Robert B. Jackson, Bo Zheng
Summary: The estimated methane chemical sink by bottom-up methods is significantly higher than the estimates obtained by top-down methods. This difference is mainly due to the large uncertainties in the simulated concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) by the atmospheric chemistry models used in bottom-up estimates. In this study, a new approach based on OH precursor observations and a chemical box model is proposed to improve the accuracy of OH distributions and reconcile the bottom-up and top-down estimates of methane loss. By constraining the simulated OH precursors with observations, the adjusted global mean tropospheric OH concentration ([OH](trop-M)) is around 10x10(5) molec. cm(-3), which is lower than the original model-simulated value and agrees with the top-down estimate. The adjusted methane chemical loss estimate is in line with the latest top-down estimate, contrary to the overestimated bottom-up estimates. The overestimation in global [OH](trop-M) and methane chemical loss by the models is primarily caused by the underestimation of carbon monoxide and total ozone column, and the overestimation of nitrogen dioxide. This study emphasizes the importance of constraining the model-simulated OH fields with available precursor observations to improve bottom-up estimates of the global methane sink.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Daniel C. Anderson, Melanie B. Follette-Cook, Sarah A. Strode, Julie M. Nicely, Junhua Liu, Peter D. Ivatt, Bryan N. Duncan
Summary: This paper presents a methodology for generating a parameterization model of the tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) using gradient-boosted regression trees and a chemistry-climate model. The parameterization model enables efficient simulation of nonlinear feedbacks between OH and other tropospheric constituents, which is beneficial for studying the trends and variations of CO and CH4. The results show that the parameterization model can accurately reproduce OH concentrations and capture the global mean methane lifetime. Additionally, the model is able to predict large deviations in OH for events that were not part of the training dataset.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. Schmidt, A. Malcherek
Summary: This study presents a holistic modeling approach where water, fluid mud, and immobile mud are all calculated using one set of equations. Changes in estuaries due to deepening and dredging can cause shifts to high sediment concentrations, leading to thick layers of fluid mud. The model includes immobile mud in the equations to accurately represent the flow behavior in hyper-turbid estuaries.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Randall Martin, Sebastian D. Eastham, Liam Bindle, Elizabeth W. Lundgren, Thomas L. Clune, Christoph A. Keller, William Downs, Dandan Zhang, Robert A. Lucchesi, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Robert M. Yantosca, Yanshun Li, Lucas Estrada, William M. Putman, Benjamin M. Auer, Atanas L. Trayanov, Steven Pawson, Daniel J. Jacob
Summary: This article describes the development and improvements of the new generation GCHP global model of atmospheric composition based on GEOS-Chem. GCHP is an offline implementation driven by NASA GEOS meteorological data, offering higher resolution, more accurate transport, and better parallelization.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sofia M. Chelpon, Laura L. Pan, Zhengzhao J. Luo, Elliot L. Atlas, Shawn B. Honomichl, Warren P. Smith, Siyuan Wang, Kirk Ullmann, Samuel R. Hall, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook
Summary: This study investigates the feasibility of using airborne in situ measurements to derive transit time distributions over the highly convective tropical western Pacific. The study demonstrates the method's effectiveness through measurements from the CONTRAST experiment. By quantifying uncertainties associated with chemical lifetimes and characterizing the source region contributing to transport, the study supports the hypothesis that there is enough information in measurements to resolve dynamical variability in the region.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Raul Perianez, Carmen Cortes
Summary: In this study, a Lagrangian model was used to assess the transport of radionuclides in the western Mediterranean Sea resulting from hypothetical accidents. The model considered water circulation from the HYCOM global ocean model and included various factors such as advection, turbulent mixing, radioactive decay, and radionuclide interactions. Hypothetical accidents occurring at different times were simulated to analyze seasonal effects on radionuclide fate. Different radionuclides were also simulated to investigate their geochemical behaviors, with Cs-137 being transported over long distances and Pu-239, Pu-240 staying close to the release point.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Makena A. Dettmann, Lucas S. R. Cavalcante, Corina Magdaleno, Karina Masalkovait, Daniel Vong, Jordan T. Dull, Barry P. Rand, Luke L. Daemen, Nir Goldman, Roland Faller, Adam J. Moule
Summary: This study explores predicting atomic vibrational properties using six different simulation methods, with the Chebyshev-corrected tight-binding method showing the optimal combination of high accuracy and low expense. The research offers broad simulation guidelines for efficient, accurate prediction of inelastic neutron scattering spectrum.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zayra Christine Satyro, Carla Farias, Luiz Antonio Candido, Jose Augusto Veiga
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of urban sprawl in Manaus on a squall line event through numerical sensitivity experiments. Urban growth immediately changed the latent heat flux and increased temperatures on both local and regional scales. The replacement of forest cover by urban cover altered temperature distribution, weakened the convective activity, and reduced cloud cover and rainfall accumulation.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yuanwei Sun, Dashe Li
Summary: This paper proposes an adaptive hidden Markov model (AHMM) to predict ocean chemistry data from aquaculture farms in eastern China. The original sequence is decomposed into period, trend, and residual terms using Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess (STL), which effectively reveals the variation trend. The autonomous search grasshopper optimization algorithm (ASGOA) is employed to train the parameters of the HMM to avoid local optima and initial value dependence. A sequence similarity measurement method is used to predict ocean chemistry data, and the results show improved prediction performance compared to other algorithms.
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hossein Dadashazar, Majid Alipanah, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ewan Crosbie, Simon Kirschler, Hongyu Liu, Richard H. Moore, Andrew J. Peters, Amy Jo Scarino, Michael Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Hailong Wang, Edward Winstead, Bo Zhang, Luke Ziemba, Armin Sorooshian
Summary: The study shows that precipitation along air mass trajectories has a significant impact on aerosol concentrations and size distributions. North American pollution outflow affects aerosols in Bermuda, particularly in winter.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Thibaud M. Fritz, Sebastian D. Eastham, Louisa K. Emmons, Haipeng Lin, Elizabeth W. Lundgren, Steve Goldhaber, Steven R. H. Barrett, Daniel J. Jacob
Summary: This study implements the GEOS-Chem chemistry module as a chemical mechanism in CESM and compares it with the CAM-chem chemistry module, identifying some differences in atmospheric chemistry properties between them. Embedding GEOS-Chem in CESM helps accelerate progress in atmospheric science.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Qunzheng Zhang, Chengyi Lu, Ruifei Wang, Weiwei Han, Congye Ke, Sichang Wang, Xunli Zhang, Jianlong Wang
Summary: Fluorescence immunoassay combines the specificity of immunological recognition and sensitivity of fluorescence sensors, making it an attractive method for advancing public health. In recent years, attention has been focused on using coordination polymers (CPs) in fluorescence immunoassays due to their surface engineering capabilities, compositional diversity, and structural flexibility. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive reviews on CPs-based fluorescence immunoassays, particularly in terms of detection mechanisms. This review aims to provide an extensive overview and future perspectives for the rational design of CPs-based fluorescence immunoassays.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jie Wang, Tie-cheng Luo, Zhuo Yang, Yi-cong He, Jian Li, Gang Wang
Summary: Ga2O3 has potential applications in automotive electronics, electrical devices, and other high-power electronic domains. This study investigated the thermal decomposition and adduct formation pathways of TEGa with H2O, O-2, and N2O molecules using density functional theory. The results showed that the adduct formation pathway is the main route for the growth of Ga2O3 in MOCVD.
Article
Plant Sciences
Anne Charlott Fitzky, Lisa Kaser, Arianna Peron, Thomas Karl, Martin Graus, Danny Tholen, Heidi Halbwirth, Heidelinde Trimmel, Mario Pesendorfer, Boris Rewald, Hans Sand
Summary: Drought and salt stress significantly affect the emission spectra of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in temperate cities. Different species of trees show specific changes in BVOC emissions under stress, and these changes can impact plant communication and tropospheric ozone formation. Oxygenated VOCs and green leaf volatiles increased in salt-sensitive species under stress, while effects under drought were less clear. These findings highlight the importance of considering abiotic stressors when studying BVOC emissions in urban environments.
URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Karl, Christian Lamprecht, Martin Graus, Alexander Cede, Martin Tiefengraber, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Gurarie, Donald Lenschow
Summary: Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are crucial in the formation of tropospheric ozone. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in air pollution control, indicating a limited understanding of ozone in high-NOx environments. This study utilizes long-term eddy covariance measurements to disentangle the physical and chemical processes involved in ozone, nitric oxide (NO), and NO2 dynamics in an urban area. The findings suggest that chemical conversion of ozone, rather than deposition, is the dominant process near the surface in urban environments, leading to an underestimation of the Leighton ratio and overestimation of primary NO2 emissions.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
O. M. Coddington, E. C. Richard, D. Harber, P. Pilewskie, T. N. Woods, M. Snow, K. Chance, X. Liu, K. Sun
Summary: This paper presents two achievements related to a key data set. Firstly, it introduces the second version of the Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1 Hybrid Solar Reference Spectrum (TSIS-1 HSRS), which has been recognized as a new standard. Secondly, it presents a new full spectrum extension of the TSIS-1 HSRS. The importance of this work lies in providing an updated and extended solar irradiance reference standard for various applications.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Almut Arneth, Paul Leadley, Joachim Claudet, Marta Coll, Carlo Rondinini, Mark D. A. Rounsevell, Yunne-Jai Shin, Peter Alexander, Richard Fuchs
Summary: The spatial extent of protected areas (PAs) is a highly debated issue in the decision-making process of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Despite efforts to protect land and oceans, biodiversity loss remains a challenge. While expanding PAs to 30% may have benefits for biodiversity and climate, it is crucial to consider the effectiveness of PAs and potential trade-offs with food production.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Caroline R. R. Nowlan, Gonzalo Gonzalez Abad, Hyeong-Ahn Kwon, Zolal Ayazpour, Christopher Chan Miller, Kelly Chance, Heesung Chong, Xiong Liu, Ewan O'Sullivan, Huiqun Wang, Lei Zhu, Isabelle De Smedt, Glen Jaross, Colin Seftor, Kang Sun
Summary: This paper presents multi-year formaldehyde (HCHO) data obtained from the OMPS instruments on the Suomi NPP and NOAA-20 satellites. The data were converted into vertical column concentrations and compared with TROPOMI observations. The results show high consistency between the two datasets, with some differences in polluted regions.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Weihua Chen, Shiguo Jia, Xuemei Wang, Min Shao, Wenhui Liao, Alex Guenther, Chris Flechard, Pengfei Yu, Buqing Zhong, Ming Chang, Weiwen Wang, Jingying Mao, Xuejun Liu, Guirui Yu, Gregory Carmichael
Summary: Given the leveling off in oxidized nitrogen emissions, the atmospheric deposition of reduced nitrogen has become increasingly critical, especially dry deposition. Historical data and modeling show that dry nitrogen deposition has been increasing in China, and this is mainly influenced by changes in precipitation patterns rather than NH3 emissions. This shift towards dry deposition is also observed in North America and Europe. Therefore, stricter NH3 emission controls targeting dry deposition are needed to mitigate potential ecological impacts.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Paul I. Palmer, Caroline M. Wainwright, Bo Dong, Ross I. Maidment, Kevin G. Wheeler, Nicola Gedney, Jonathan E. Hickman, Nima Madani, Sonja S. Folwell, Gamal Abdo, Richard P. Allan, Emily C. L. Black, Liang Feng, Masilin Gudoshava, Keith Haines, Chris Huntingford, Mary Kilavi, Mark F. Lunt, Ahmed Shaaban, Andrew G. Turner
Summary: Eastern Africa experiences bimodal rainfall with long rains and short rains, and changes in rainfall have significant socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Teleconnections like El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole play a major role in interannual variability. The long rains have been getting drier while the short rains have become wetter. These patterns affect flooding, droughts, food and energy systems, diseases, and ecosystem stability. Climate projections suggest that by 2030-2040, the short rains will deliver more rainfall than the long rains, posing challenges for agriculture and public health emergencies. Mitigation efforts should focus on agriculture, clean water, medical and emergency infrastructure, and adaptation strategies.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Heidelinde Trimmel, Paul Hamer, Monika Mayer, Stefan F. Schreier, Philipp Weihs, Josef Eitzinger, Hans Sanden, Anne Charlott Fitzky, Andreas Richter, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Bertrand Bonan, Catherine Meurey, Islen Vallejo, Sabine Eckhardt, Gabriela Sousa Santos, Safae Oumami, Joaquim Arteta, Virginie Marecal, Leonor Tarrason, Thomas Karl, Harald E. Rieder
Summary: To estimate the impact of vegetation stress and BVOC emissions on urban ozone levels, an analysis was performed in Vienna, Austria. Observations and numerical models were combined to study the relationship between formaldehyde (HCHO) mixing ratios, drought indicators, and ozone levels. The results showed that drought conditions lead to reduced BVOC emissions and lower ozone levels in spring, while local drought conditions and advection from nearby forest areas contribute to elevated ozone levels in summer.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Katherine R. Travis, James. H. Crawford, Amber J. Soja, Emily M. Gargulinski, Richard H. Moore, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Glenn S. Diskin, Joshua P. Digangi, John B. Nowak, Hannah Halliday, Robert J. Yokelson, Jessica L. Mccarty, Isobel J. Simpson, Donald R. Blake, Simone Meinardi, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Eric C. Apel, Alan J. Hills, Carsten Warneke, Matthew M. Coggon, Andrew W. Rollins, Jessica B. Gilman, Caroline C. Womack, Michael A. Robinson, Joseph M. Katich, Jeff Peischl, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Ilann Bourgeois, Pamela S. Rickly, Aaron Lamplugh, Jack E. Dibb, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, Hongyu Guo, Demetrios Pagonis, Paul O. Wennberg, John D. Crounse, Lu Xu, Thomas F. Hanisco, Glenn M. Wolfe, Jin Liao, Jason M. St. Clair, Benjamin A. Nault, Alan Fried, Anne E. Perring
Summary: Agricultural and prescribed burning activities emit significant amounts of trace gases and aerosols. This study presents emission factors and ratios based on the FIREX-AQ campaign in the eastern United States in 2019, focusing on burning of crop residues and prescribed fire fuels. The study shows the importance of specific factors such as combustion efficiency, fuel type, and meteorological conditions in determining the emissions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sian Kou-Giesbrecht, Vivek K. Arora, Christian Seiler, Almut Arneth, Stefanie Falk, Atul K. Jain, Fortunat Joos, Daniel Kennedy, Jurgen Knauer, Stephen Sitch, Michael O'Sullivan, Naiqing Pan, Qing Sun, Hanqin Tian, Nicolas Vuichard, Sonke Zaehle
Summary: Terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration is limited by nitrogen (N), an empirically established constraint that could intensify under CO2 fertilization and future global change. The ability of terrestrial biosphere models to reproduce observations of nitrogen (N) cycling and its regulation of terrestrial C sequestration has been largely unexplored. Our evaluation of an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models reveals significant variability in the simulation of N cycling, indicating that the processes regulating terrestrial C sequestration operate differently across models and are uncoupled from the simulation of C cycling. The overestimation of C storage per unit N suggests biases in projections of the future terrestrial C sink under CO2 fertilization and future global change.
EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yiqi Zheng, Larry W. W. Horowitz, Raymond Menzel, David J. Paynter, Vaishali Naik, Jingyi Li, Jingqiu Mao
Summary: Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), originating from both natural and anthropogenic sources, contribute significantly to the fine aerosols globally and have impacts on air quality and climate. The formation of biogenic SOAs is influenced by emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) as well as anthropogenic pollutants such as primary organic aerosol, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, the extent of anthropogenic impact on biogenic SOA production (AIBS) is still not well understood.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nadia K. Colombi, Daniel J. Jacob, Laura Hyesung Yang, Shixian Zhai, Viral Shah, Stuart K. Grange, Robert M. Yantosca, Soontae Kim, Hong Liao
Summary: Despite efforts to decrease emissions, surface ozone pollution in South Korea has increased over the past 2 decades and consistently exceeds the air quality standard. A study of the trends in surface ozone and NO2 concentrations from 2015 to 2019 reveals an increase in ozone concentration in April-May and a decrease in NO2 concentration by 22%. Global atmospheric chemistry models can successfully simulate surface ozone and explain the emission-driven ozone trend in the Seoul metropolitan area.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Laura Hyesung Yang, Daniel J. Jacob, Nadia K. Colombi, Shixian Zhai, Kelvin H. Bates, Viral Shah, Ellie Beaudry, Robert M. Yantosca, Haipeng Lin, Jared F. Brewer, Heesung Chong, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Lok N. Lamsal, Ja-Ho Koo, Jhoon Kim
Summary: Aircraft observations from the KORUS-AQ campaign suggest that the GEOS-Chem CTM can accurately compute the vertical profiles of NO2, which are influenced by the diurnal variation in mixing depth. This finding helps explain the diurnal variation in NO2 and its implications for air quality.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kai Wu, Paul I. Palmer, Dien Wu, Denis Jouglet, Liang Feng, Tom Oda
Summary: This study assesses the theoretical capability of the France-UK MicroCarb satellite, with a city-scan observing mode, to measure integrated urban carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Numerical experiments using an atmospheric transport model and a maximum a posteriori inverse method show that both two-sweep and three-sweep observing modes can reduce prior flux errors by 20%-40% over Paris and London. The three-sweep mode, with a wider scan area, retrieves the total emissions within 7% over Paris and 21% over London. The study also highlights the importance of considering seasonal photosynthetic uptake in estimating urban CO2 emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ellis S. S. Robinson, Meeta Cesler-Maloney, Xinxiu Tan, Jingqiu Mao, William Simpson, Peter F. F. DeCarlo
Summary: Fairbanks-North Star Borough (FNSB), Alaska consistently has extremely poor wintertime air quality. The ALPACA field campaign aimed to understand the sources and transformations of air pollution and the meteorological conditions impacting FNSB's air quality. The study found that there are significant variations in PM2.5 concentrations and composition both between and within neighborhoods, which are closely related to meteorological conditions. The results also showed that elevation and temperature inversions have a significant impact on PM levels and composition.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
