Article
Environmental Sciences
Helene Peiro, Sean Crowell, Andrew Schuh, David F. Baker, Chris O'Dell, Andrew R. Jacobson, Frederic Chevallier, Junjie Liu, Annmarie Eldering, David Crisp, Feng Deng, Brad Weir, Sourish Basu, Matthew S. Johnson, Sajeev Philip, Ian Baker
Summary: The study on atmospheric inversions using OCO-2 satellite data shows that there is a similar constraint on global carbon emissions between IS and OCO-2 retrievals. However, differences between the two retrieval versions appear at regional scales and particularly in tropical Africa, indicating the need for further analysis.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ivar R. van der Velde, Guido R. van der Werf, Sander Houweling, Henk J. Eskes, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Tobias Borsdorff, Ilse Aben
Summary: Global fire emission inventories rely on measurements of EFs from ground and airborne sources, with uncertainties remaining large due to limitations in spatial and temporal representativeness. Satellite observations provide a valuable complement to address these limitations and improve understanding of biomass burning pollutants.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Bo Wang, Shi Kuang, Gabriele G. Pfister, Arastoo Pour-Biazar, Rebecca R. Buchholz, Andrew O. Langford, Michael J. Newchurch
Summary: An integrated analysis of multiple measurements and models was conducted to investigate the impact of biomass burning emissions on the vertical distribution of ozone and aerosols during the 2016 Southeastern United States wildfires. The study found that fire emissions significantly contributed to surface PM2.5 and ozone levels, with specific estimates provided for different time periods and components. The results highlighted the importance of considering different mechanisms, such as vertical mixing and advection, in understanding how wildfires can influence the vertical ozone budget.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Esteban Alonso-Gonzalez, Victor Fernandez-Garcia
Summary: The study presented the first global burn severity database (MOSEV database) based on MODIS data, comparing it with Landsat-8 scenes with 30-meter resolution, showing a high correlation between the two datasets. The database is structured according to the MODIS tiling system and is freely downloadable.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Piyush Bhardwaj, Rajesh Kumar, Douglas A. Mitchell, Cynthia A. Randles, Nicole Downey, Doug Blewitt, Branko Kosovic
Summary: This study evaluates the effectiveness of current satellite observing systems in detecting methane point sources from typical oil and gas production facilities. The study uses a microscale model to generate a high-resolution methane concentration dataset. The results show that increasing the pixel resolution enhances the detectability of plumes, but changes in emission rates at the surface have minimal impact on the retrieved methane column.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiang Fang, Xiaolei Zhang, Jiwei Yi, Xiepeng Sun, Fei Tang, Fei Ren, Longhua Hu
Summary: This article presents experimental evidence on the influence of adjacent single sidewall on the temperature profile of a window-ejected facade fire plume. The study shows that the vertical temperature can be divided into three regions, with stable temperature in the continuous flame region and rapid temperature decrease in the intermittent flame- and buoyancy plume regions constrained by the sidewall. CFD simulations reveal that decreased sidewall-window distance limits air entrainment, leading to increased flame height.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Joakim Astrom, Margaret McNamee, Benjamin Truchot, Guy Marlair, Patrick van Hees
Summary: Concern is growing for the environmental impact of fires and the fire implications of sustainability choices made in the built environment as human population grows. This paper explores the potential to use small scale testing, such as the cone calorimeter and fire propagation apparatus, to develop emission factors for estimating larger scale fire emissions. The findings indicate that there is potential to develop emission factors for CO and CO2 emissions, although more work is needed to similarly characterize a broad range of species.
Article
Forestry
Wenyi Zhang, Yanrong Yang, Cheng Hu, Leying Zhang, Bo Hou, Weifeng Wang, Qianqian Li, Yansong Li
Summary: With climate change, forest fires are becoming more frequent worldwide, resulting in increased carbon emissions and affecting the carbon cycle of forest ecosystems. However, the impact of forest fires on carbon cycles varies by region, and there is a lack of comparative studies. This research examines the carbon loss under forest fire disturbances in northeast and southwest natural forest areas of China, using NPP data as an important parameter of forest carbon absorption. The study reveals differences in forest fire characteristics, carbon emissions, and the impact on forest NPP between the two regions.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Tobias Borsdorff, Teresa Campos, Natalie Kille, Kyle J. Zarzana, Rainer Volkamer, Jochen Landgraf
Summary: Since 2017, TROPOMI on board ESA's Sentinel-5 satellite has provided daily global coverage of operational carbon monoxide (CO) data with a spatial resolution of 5.5x7 km(2). The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) plans to assimilate these data into the CAMS-IFS to improve atmospheric composition forecasts. The TROPOMI data primarily constrain the vertical integrated CO field of CAMS-IFS, with some influence on its vertical CO distribution.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuzhong Zhang, Shuangxi Fang, Jianmeng Chen, Yi Lin, Yuanyuan Chen, Ruosi Liang, Ke Jiang, Robert J. Parker, Hartmut Boesch, Martin Steinbacher, Jian-Xiong Sheng, Xiao Lu, Shaojie Song, Shushi Peng
Summary: This study quantifies China's methane emissions during 2010-2017 using satellite and surface observations and identifies the factors contributing to changes in the country's emissions. The results show contrasting trends in different regions, with coal mining being a significant factor, and provide insights for policy formulation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Patrick H. Freeborn, W. Matt Jolly, Mark A. Cochrane, Gareth Roberts
Summary: Despite the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of wildfires, little attention has been paid to the spatiotemporal patterns of nighttime fire activity across the conterminous United States (CONUS). From 2003 to 2020, significant increasing trends in nighttime wildfire fire activity were detected, with a notable increase in the annual nighttime sum of fire radiative power, active fire pixel counts, and per-pixel values of FRPObserved in larger wildfires during drier conditions.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Marc Castellnou, Mercedes Bachfischer, Marta Miralles, Borja Ruiz, Cathelijne R. R. Stoof, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano
Summary: The formation of pyrocumulus plays a crucial role in extreme and unpredictable wildfires. By examining several cases of pyrocumulus occurrence, this study investigates the changes in atmospheric boundary layer variables and their relationship with observed fire spread biases. A classification of pyroconvection events based on atmospheric stability, turbulence, and entrainment of free-tropospheric air is proposed. The findings provide insights into the impact of pyroconvection on fire spread and can help in making safer decisions during extreme fires.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xinghua Liu, Wenxiang Li, Ye Li, Jing Fan, Zhiyong Shen
Summary: This study quantifies the environmental benefits of ridesplitting based on DiDi Chuxing's data, showing that ridesplitting can decrease travel distance by 22% on average, and reduce emissions of CO, NOx, and HC.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hasan Akhtar, Massimo Lupascu, Rahayu S. Sukri, Thomas E. L. Smith, Alexander R. Cobb, Sanjay Swarup
Summary: The role of sedge in CH4 emissions, especially in degraded tropical peatlands, is significant. Studies have shown that sedge contributes over 70% of total CH4 emissions and displays significant seasonal and spatial variations.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jeremy Arkin, Nicholas C. Coops, Lori D. Daniels, Andrew Plowright
Summary: Accurate estimation of forest canopy fuels is crucial for wildfire prediction and mitigation. This study examines the ability of LiDAR point clouds from RPAS to characterize the vertical arrangement and volume of crown fuels, showing good match between extracted and manually measured clusters but a tendency for overprediction of lower boundaries in the automated method.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mark F. Lunt, Paul Palmer, Alba Lorente, Tobias Borsdorff, Jochen Landgraf, Robert J. Parker, Hartmut Boesch
Summary: The study found that during the long and short rainy seasons in 2018 and 2019, methane emissions in East Africa increased significantly, by 6.2 +/- 0.3 Tg CH4 and 8.6 +/- 0.3 Tg CH4, representing a 10% and 37% increase compared to the equivalent season in the opposite year with near long-term seasonal mean rainfall. The additional emissions during the short rainy season were equivalent to over a quarter of the growth in global methane emissions in 2019, underscoring the disproportionate role of East Africa in the global methane budget.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
P. G. Simmonds, P. I. Palmer, M. Rigby, A. McCulloch, S. O'Doherty, A. J. Manning
Summary: Atmospheric tracers are essential for characterizing dispersion and testing computational models of atmospheric transport. They help infer geographical surface flux distributions and are crucial for robust flux estimates, relying on well-validated knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, loss processes, and transport. The use of atmospheric trace gas measurements is increasingly important in improving national and global greenhouse gas emission budgets in the context of the Paris Agreement.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anna Mackie, Helen E. Brindley, Paul I. Palmer
Summary: Our study explores the impact of local tropical ocean warming on the atmosphere, providing evidence for mechanisms linking contrasting atmospheric responses to patterns in sea surface temperature (SST). We found that regions of strong subsidence and convection exhibit different atmospheric responses, which may have significant implications for climate sensitivity. Future changes in ocean warming patterns could play a crucial role in shaping future climate.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paul I. Palmer, Liang Feng, Mark F. Lunt, Robert J. Parker, Hartmut Bosch, Xin Lan, Alba Lorente, Tobias Borsdorff
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jacob T. Shaw, Grant Allen, Patrick Barker, Joseph R. Pitt, Dominika Pasternak, Stephane J-B Bauguitte, James Lee, Keith N. Bower, Michael C. Daly, Mark F. Lunt, Anita L. Ganesan, Adam R. Vaughan, Francis Chibesakunda, Musa Lambakasa, Rebecca E. Fisher, James L. France, David Lowry, Paul Palmer, Stefan Metzger, Robert J. Parker, Nicola Gedney, Prudence Bateson, Michelle Cain, Alba Lorente, Tobias Borsdorff, Euan G. Nisbet
Summary: This study uses airborne measurements in wetland areas of Zambia to show that methane emissions from tropical wetlands are significantly underestimated, suggesting the need for further reductions in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate global warming.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Wang, Liang Feng, Paul I. Palmer, Yi Liu, Shuangxi Fang, Hartmut Bosch, Christopher W. O'Dell, Xiaoping Tang, Dongxu Yang, Lixin Liu, ChaoZong Xia
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Wang, Liang Feng, Paul I. Palmer, Yi Liu, Shuangxi Fang, Hartmut Bosch, Christopher W. O'Dell, Xiaoping Tang, Dongxu Yang, Lixin Liu, ChaoZong Xia
Review
Environmental Sciences
Paul I. Palmer, Caroline M. Wainwright, Bo Dong, Ross I. Maidment, Kevin G. Wheeler, Nicola Gedney, Jonathan E. Hickman, Nima Madani, Sonja S. Folwell, Gamal Abdo, Richard P. Allan, Emily C. L. Black, Liang Feng, Masilin Gudoshava, Keith Haines, Chris Huntingford, Mary Kilavi, Mark F. Lunt, Ahmed Shaaban, Andrew G. Turner
Summary: Eastern Africa experiences bimodal rainfall with long rains and short rains, and changes in rainfall have significant socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Teleconnections like El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole play a major role in interannual variability. The long rains have been getting drier while the short rains have become wetter. These patterns affect flooding, droughts, food and energy systems, diseases, and ecosystem stability. Climate projections suggest that by 2030-2040, the short rains will deliver more rainfall than the long rains, posing challenges for agriculture and public health emergencies. Mitigation efforts should focus on agriculture, clean water, medical and emergency infrastructure, and adaptation strategies.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kai Wu, Paul I. Palmer, Dien Wu, Denis Jouglet, Liang Feng, Tom Oda
Summary: This study assesses the theoretical capability of the France-UK MicroCarb satellite, with a city-scan observing mode, to measure integrated urban carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Numerical experiments using an atmospheric transport model and a maximum a posteriori inverse method show that both two-sweep and three-sweep observing modes can reduce prior flux errors by 20%-40% over Paris and London. The three-sweep mode, with a wider scan area, retrieves the total emissions within 7% over Paris and 21% over London. The study also highlights the importance of considering seasonal photosynthetic uptake in estimating urban CO2 emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Luke Gregor, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quere, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Ramdane Alkama, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Frederic Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Lucas Gloege, Giacomo Grassi, Nicolas Gruber, Ozgur Gurses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Annika Jersild, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jurgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschutzer, Nathalie Lefevre, Keith Lindsay, Junjie Liu, Zhu Liu, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Matthew J. McGrath, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul Palmer, Naiqing Pan, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rodenbeck, Carmen Rodriguez, Thais M. Rosan, Jorg Schwinger, Roland Seferian, Jamie D. Shutler, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Xiangjun Tian, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Chris Whitehead, Anna Willstrand Wranne, Rebecca Wright, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sonke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, Bo Zheng
Summary: Accurately assessing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is crucial for understanding the global carbon cycle, developing climate policies, and predicting climate change. This article describes the methodologies and data used to quantify the components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. The data for 2021 shows an increase in fossil fuel and land-use change emissions, as well as the impacts of the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere on carbon absorption.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Wang, Liang Feng, Paul I. Palmer, Yi Liu, Shuangxi Fang, Hartmut Bosch, Christopher W. O'Dell, Xiaoping Tang, Dongxu Yang, Lixin Liu, ChaoZong Xia
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Wang, Liang Feng, Paul I. Palmer, Yi Liu, Shuangxi Fang, Hartmut Bosch, Christopher W. O'Dell, Xiaoping Tang, Dongxu Yang, Lixin Liu, ChaoZong Xia
Article
Ecology
Robert J. Parker, Chris Wilson, Edward Comyn-Platt, Garry Hayman, Toby R. Marthews, A. Anthony Bloom, Mark F. Lunt, Nicola Gedney, Simon J. Dadson, Joe McNorton, Neil Humpage, Hartmut Boesch, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Paul I. Palmer, Dai Yamazaki
Summary: Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane. Accurately simulating wetland methane emissions is important for understanding the global methane budget and future climate change. This study evaluates the performance of the JULES model in reproducing the seasonal cycle of methane using satellite observations and a transport model. The results show that JULES performs well in most regions, but underestimates the seasonal cycle amplitude. The driving meteorological data is the most important factor, and the wetland extent configuration needs improvement in certain regions. The study highlights the importance of future model development in representing wetland distribution.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dien Wu, Junjie Liu, Paul O. Wennberg, Paul I. Palmer, Robert R. Nelson, Matthaeus Kiel, Annmarie Eldering
Summary: This study investigates a method to infer combustion efficiency within a city based on satellite observations. The results show significant differences in combustion efficiencies between different cities and regions within a city, providing new insights for future satellite missions to assess combustion efficiency.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhu Deng, Philippe Ciais, Zitely A. Tzompa-Sosa, Marielle Saunois, Chunjing Qiu, Chang Tan, Taochun Sun, Piyu Ke, Yanan Cui, Katsumasa Tanaka, Xin Lin, Rona L. Thompson, Hanqin Tian, Yuanzhi Yao, Yuanyuan Huang, Ronny Lauerwald, Atul K. Jain, Xiaoming Xu, Ana Bastos, Stephen Sitch, Paul I. Palmer, Thomas Lauvaux, Alexandre d'Aspremont, Clement Giron, Antoine Benoit, Benjamin Poulter, Jinfeng Chang, Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Steven J. Davis, Zhu Liu, Giacomo Grassi, Clement Albergel, Francesco N. Tubiello, Lucia Perugini, Wouter Peters, Frederic Chevallier
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive framework to process the results of an ensemble of atmospheric inversions in order to make their net ecosystem exchange carbon dioxide flux suitable for evaluating national greenhouse gas inventories, finding differences between inversion results and national reports, especially in methane and nitrous oxide emissions.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
