Article
Environmental Sciences
Olesia Kuchinskaia, Ilia Bryukhanov, Maxim Penzin, Evgeny Ni, Anton Doroshkevich, Vadim Kostyukhin, Ignatii Samokhvalov, Konstantin Pustovalov, Iurii Bordulev, Valentina Bryukhanova, Alexander Stykon, Nikolay Kirillov, Ivan Zhivotenyuk
Summary: Interpreting HLC lidar study results requires comparing with meteorological quantities' vertical profiles. Regular radiosonde measurements of vertical profiles are not available in Tomsk. The nearest aerological stations are far from the lidar and perform radiosonde measurements only a few times a day, while lidar experiments are continuously conducted. To estimate meteorological conditions at HLC altitudes, ERA5 reanalysis is proposed. Its reliability was tested by comparing with data from nearby aerological stations. A labeled database of lidar, radiosonde, and ERA5 data was created for isobaric levels 1000-50 hPa.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Arsam Aryandoust, Anthony Patt, Stefan Pfenningert
Summary: To enable electrification of cities and achieve accurate predictions of electricity consumption, an active deep learning approach is developed to forecast electric load profiles at the scale of single buildings. By leveraging additional computation and remotely sensed data, active learning enables more accurate predictions with less data compared to passive learning.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Michael N. Dyonisius, Vasilii V. Petrenko, Andrew M. Smith, Benjamin Hmiel, Peter D. Neff, Bin Yang, Quan Hua, Jochen Schmitt, Sarah A. Shackleton, Christo Buizert, Philip F. Place, James A. Menking, Ross Beaudette, Christina Harth, Michael Kalk, Heidi A. Roop, Bernhard Bereiter, Casey Armanetti, Isaac Vimont, Sylvia Englund Michel, Edward J. Brook, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Ray F. Weiss, Joseph R. McConnell
Summary: Cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere produce secondary particles that interact with minerals like ice and quartz, resulting in the production of carbon-14 (C-14). Understanding the production rates of in situ cosmogenic C-14 is important for deciphering its paleoenvironmental information in ice. This study used ancient ice from Antarctica to determine that 33.7% of cosmogenic C-14 forms as carbon monoxide (CO) and 66.1% forms as carbon dioxide (CO2), with a negligible fraction forming as methane (CH4). The calculated muogenic C-14 production rates in ice are lower than those determined in quartz, which requires further investigation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ulrich Callies, Markus Kreus, Wilhelm Petersen, Yoana G. Voynova
Summary: One key challenge in marine monitoring programs is how to combine information from different in situ observations effectively. Using Lagrangian transport simulations can help identify water movements and generate synoptic maps to track river plumes in coastal regions. Synchronizing measurements between fixed stations and nearby moving platforms can improve understanding of water dynamics at different times.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Smiti Kaul, David Borland, Nan Cao, David Gotz
Summary: This research presents a method of revealing confounding variables through counterfactual visualizations in visual data analysis. Implemented in an interactive visualization prototype called CoFact, this method enhances user exploration of feature relationships.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tatiana Rykova
Summary: Marine industries, war fighters, and world leaders require accurate ocean property maps for tactical and strategic decision-making. Oceanographers have applied mapping techniques from weather forecasting, but the small spatial scales and under-sampling of ocean properties have led to poor quality maps. Feature mapping is an innovative approach that treats each ocean eddy individually, resulting in precise and realistic maps that could revolutionize ocean forecasting.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alfred Burian, Quentin Mauvisseau, Mark Bulling, Sami Domisch, Song Qian, Michael Sweet
Summary: Global declines in biodiversity have led to a growing need to monitor threatened species effectively. Molecular survey methods such as eDNA detection have provided new tools for conservation, but are not without errors. Recent advances in data processing tools, occupancy models, and integration of metabarcoding data aim to improve the reliability of eDNA assessments and decision-making processes in conservation planning.
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Jeremy Rohmer, Remi Thieblemont, Goneri Le Cozannet, Heiko Goelzer, Gael Durand
Summary: This paper introduces a local attribution approach based on machine learning to improve the interpretability of sea-level rise projections. The methodology is applied to study the future contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea level and quantifies the influence of different modeling choices.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Shoudong Zhao, Minghu Ding, Wenqian Zhang, Ting Wei, Wei Cheng, Junming Chen, Cunde Xiao
Summary: Research indicates that changes in extreme temperatures have a greater impact on ecosystems and human society than changes in climate averages. The Arctic, a hotspot of global warming, has recently experienced unprecedented heatwaves, which emphasizes the need to identify long-term variations in extreme temperatures. However, spatial imbalance of observations and arbitrarily chosen investigation periods limit our understanding of extreme temperatures in the Arctic region. This study establishes a comprehensive and quality-controlled observation network for surface temperatures in the Arctic lands and combines in situ and reanalysis data to assess changes in extreme temperatures from 1979 to 2020. The results demonstrate an acceleration in the increase of extreme temperatures since the 2000s, particularly along the coast of Eurasia, and a larger magnitude of change for cold events compared to warm events.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jasmine B. D. Jaffres, Jessie L. Gray
Summary: Tropical cyclones are important water sources, replenishing local dams, waterways, and groundwater systems. Three different precipitation datasets were tested for their differences in rainfall characteristics using a new rainfall tracking toolbox. Each dataset demonstrated its advantages and drawbacks, highlighting the benefits of using multiple sources to evaluate individual events. The development of tools to manage TC-related rainfall and flooding potential is crucial.
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Hengling Leng, Michael A. Spall, Robert S. Pickart, Peigen Lin, Xuezhi Bai
Summary: The study explores the origins, seasonality, and downstream fate of the Chukchi Slope Current using a regional coupled sea ice-ocean model and mooring/shipboard data. It finds that the slope current has a double velocity core in the model, with water originating from both Barrow Canyon and a westward jet extending from the southern Beaufort Sea. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the slope current in the Arctic region.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Remote Sensing
Yawei Wang, Pei Leng, Jian Peng, Philip Marzahn, Ralf Ludwig
Summary: This study comprehensively assessed two blended soil moisture products, Climate Change Initiative (CCI) and Soil Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS), using reanalysis data and in-situ measurements. CCI showed overall better accuracy than SMOPS, but SMOPS could be a potential alternative in regions where CCI is not available due to better spatial coverage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Milad Nouri
Summary: This study assessed the accuracy of different satellite and reanalysis datasets in estimating the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The combination of IMERG precipitation and ERA5L-estimated ETo (IME) outperformed other alternative data sources in simulating drought severity. However, the agreement between SPEI estimated by the alternative datasets and the one calculated based on meteorological records was poor in hyper-arid/arid areas.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Guokun Lyu, Armin Koehl, Nuno Serra, Detlef Stammer, Jiping Xie
Summary: A new Arctic ocean-sea ice reanalysis for the period 2007-2016 is presented, showing substantial improvement in SST, SIC, and SIT after assimilating ocean and sea ice observations. The reanalysis compares well with previous analyses for SIC and SST, but differences remain in freshwater content and transport properties.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
F. Adolphi, K. Herbst, A. Nilsson, S. Panovska
Summary: Cosmogenic radionuclide records from polar ice cores are used to reconstruct past changes in solar activity, space weather, geomagnetic field, and carbon cycle. The proportionality of the ice core radionuclide records to the global mean production rate changes has been debated. Through atmospheric mixing model experiments and comparison to independent data, it is found that mixing scenarios without complete tropospheric mixing result in a polar bias. A correction function is proposed to restore proportionality to the global mean signal.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Mackenzie M. Grieman, Helene M. Hoffmann, Jack D. Humby, Robert Mulvaney, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Julius Rix, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Rebecca Tuckwell, Eric W. Wolff
Summary: Dissolved and particulate sodium, magnesium and calcium in ice cores are analyzed to study changes in sea ice extent, terrestrial dust variability, and atmospheric aerosol transport efficiency. Multiple methods are compared for their analysis, and the most suitable methods are identified for each compound.
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Hua Lu, Jon Robson
Summary: Climate model biases in the North Atlantic low-level tropospheric westerly jet remain present in CMIP6 models, although reduced compared to CMIP5. The equatorward bias is mainly associated with a weaker-than-observed frequency of poleward excursions of the jet to its northern position. CMIP models with larger equatorward jet biases exhibit weaker correlations between temporal variability in speed of the jet and sea surface conditions over the sub-polar gyre region. The early-winter equatorward bias in jet latitude in CMIP models could partially explain other known biases, such as the weaker-than-observed seasonal-decadal predictability of the NA climate system.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
John Turner, Caroline Holmes, Thomas Caton Harrison, Tony Phillips, Babula Jena, Tylei Reeves-Francois, Ryan Fogt, Elizabeth R. Thomas, C. C. Bajish
Summary: On February 25, 2022, Antarctic sea ice extent reached a satellite-era record low level, and sea ice anomalies were observed in all sectors of the Southern Ocean, with the largest anomalies in the Ross and Weddell Seas.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
B. Daniel Emanuelsson, James A. Renwick, Nancy A. N. Bertler, W. Troy Baisden, Elizabeth R. Thomas
Summary: In this study, the water stable-isotope data from the RICE ice core are used to investigate the relationship between Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation and the RICE ice-core oxygen-18 isotopes. The results show a correlation between the RICE delta O-18 record and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and Pacific-South American pattern 1 (PSA1), which both project onto the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea geopotential height field. The strongest anomalies in atmospheric circulation, sea ice, and surface air temperature (SAT) in the Pacific sector Southern Ocean, eastern Ross Sea, and West Antarctic, as well as the RICE delta O-18, occur when El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and SAM are in-phase.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Marcheggiani, Jon Robson, Paul-Arthur Monerie, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Doug Smith
Summary: This paper explores the predictability of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its relation to the location and speed of the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet. Using decadal predictions made from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, the study finds skill in capturing the jet latitude and speed associated with the NAO. However, the skill appears to be sensitive to the evaluation period, leading to reduced skill in capturing recent observed changes in the jet and NAO.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Quentin Dalaiden, Jeanne Rezsohazy, Hugues Goosse, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter Tetzner
Summary: Based on paleoclimate records and data assimilation, we reconstructed the Antarctic sea-ice extent over the past 300 years. The results showed a decline in the extent during the 20th century, with a significant reduction in the Atlantic sector and variable changes in the Pacific sector. Climate models were unable to simulate observed changes accurately, resulting in an overestimation of Antarctic sea-ice loss during the 20th century.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Kirstin Hoffmann-Abdi, Hanno Meyer, Francisco Fernandoy, Johannes Freitag, Fyntan M. Shaw, Martin Werner, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Joseph R. Mcconnell, Christoph Schneider
Summary: Stable water isotope records from six firn cores in the northern Antarctic Peninsula were analyzed and compared with glacio-chemical data, meteorological records, and modeling results. The results showed a strong agreement between the firn-core stable water isotopes and the modeled data, suggesting that the isotopes are representative of specific synoptic situations. The records also revealed the influence of temporal changes in moisture sources on the isotopic patterns.
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Paul R. Holland, Gemma K. O'Connor, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Pierre Dutrieux, Kaitlin A. Naughten, Eric J. Steig, David P. Schneider, Adrian Jenkins, James A. Smith
Summary: Ocean-driven ice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is influenced by wind variability in the Amundsen Sea. Historical wind trends driven by greenhouse gases and ozone depletion have played a role in the recent ice loss, while internal climate variability has also had a significant influence. Future projections suggest that emissions mitigation is necessary to minimize ice loss in this region, but internal climate variability remains an unpredictable factor.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Jack D. Humby, Diana O. Vladimirova
Summary: This study identifies two climate regimes in the southern Antarctic Peninsula based on the stable water isotope record. The positive phase of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) from 1979 to 1998 led to increased melt and decreased sea ice concentration, while the negative IPO phase from 1999 to 2011 resulted in reduced melt and ice concentration in the Larsen shelves.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Helene M. Hoffmann, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Jenna A. Epifanio, Kaden Martin, Diana Vladimirova, Helena V. Pryer, Emily Doyle, Axel Schmidt, Jack D. Humby, Isobel F. Rowell, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Robert Mulvaney, Eric W. Wolff
Summary: This article presents the results of a new ice core drilling expedition in West Antarctica, providing a stratigraphic chronology for the ice core and analyzing its chemical composition and physical properties. The findings are significant for understanding climate changes in the West Antarctic region and past environmental changes.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Dieter R. Tetzner, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Claire S. Allen, Mackenzie M. Grieman
Summary: This study presents a regional wind study using diatoms preserved in Antarctic ice cores for the first time. The results show that changes in wind strength over the core of the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt drive the temporal variability of diatom abundance in high-elevation ice core sites.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Richard S. Jones, Joanne S. Johnson, Yucheng Lin, Andrew N. Mackintosh, Juliet P. Sefton, James A. Smith, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Pippa L. Whitehouse
Summary: The Antarctic Ice Sheet underwent significant changes during the Holocene, which impacted global sea levels. This review discusses the changes in the ice sheet during the pre-industrial Holocene and explores the drivers behind these past changes and their relevance for current and future changes in the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Geography, Physical
Joanne S. Johnson, Ryan A. Venturelli, Greg Balco, Claire S. Allen, Scott Braddock, Seth Campbell, Brent M. Goehring, Brenda L. Hall, Peter D. Neff, Keir A. Nichols, Dylan H. Rood, Elizabeth R. Thomas, John Woodward
Summary: This paper describes how the retreat and readvance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) grounding lines during the Holocene could be detected and quantified using various methods. The subglacial bedrock and sediments can provide direct evidence for readvance, while marine archives are of limited utility due to the coverage of earlier retreat evidence. A multidisciplinary approach is likely to provide the strongest evidence for or against a smaller-than-present AIS in the Holocene.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tobias Erhardt, Matthias Bigler, Urs Federer, Gideon Gfeller, Daiana Leuenberger, Olivia Stowasser, Regine Rothlisberger, Simon Schupbach, Urs Ruth, Birthe Twarloh, Anna Wegner, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Takayuki Kuramoto, Helle A. Kjaer, Paul T. Vallelonga, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Margareta E. Hansson, Ailsa K. Benton, Louise G. Fleet, Rob Mulvaney, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Nerilie Abram, Thomas F. Stocker, Hubertus Fischer
Summary: Chemical impurity records from ice cores are important for understanding past aerosol deposition on polar ice sheets and glaciers. Continuous flow analysis (CFA) has become the standard method for obtaining high-resolution aerosol records from ice cores. In this study, the authors present continuous records of various chemical species from ice cores collected in Greenland and provide additional data and information for a better understanding of the quality and resolution of the records.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Dieter R. Tetzner, Claire S. Allen, Elizabeth R. Thomas
Summary: This study presents the first data on the regional and temporal distribution of diatoms in ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land. The results confirm the presence of contemporary marine diatoms in Antarctic Peninsula ice cores and show variations in timing and amount of diatom deposition between low- and high-elevation sites. These findings support the use of marine diatoms as a novel palaeoenvironmental proxy for ice cores in Antarctica.
