Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yecun Wu, Jingyang Wang, Yanbin Li, Jiawei Zhou, Bai Yang Wang, Ankun Yang, Lin-Wang Wang, Harold Y. Hwang, Yi Cui
Summary: The authors stabilize the intermediate phase in twisted bilayer MoS2, leveraging the Moire potential, which facilitates fast Li diffusion and uniform intercalation. This provides insight into non-uniform intercalation during battery charging and discharging, and opens up new opportunities for modulating the properties of 2D materials with guest species doping in Moire structures.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Naoki Numadate, Shota Saito, Yuki Nojima, Taka-aki Ishibashi, Shinichi Enami, Tetsuya Hama
Summary: Ultraviolet photolysis of fatty acid surfactants can generate hydroxyl radicals, but the dimerization structure of nonanoic acid's surface inhibits its photochemical reactivity.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiaru Li, Nanase Kohno, Yosuke Sakamoto, Yukiko Fukusaki, Yuka Kousa, Yasuhiro Sadanaga, Yoshihiro Nakashima, Kei Sato, Sathiyamurthi Ramasamy, Akinori Takami, Ayako Yoshino, Tomoki Nakayama, Shungo Kato, Natsuki Ono, Jun Zhou, Yu Bai, Yoshizumi Kajii
Summary: Field measurements in the Keihin coastal industrial area during summer 2019 characterized air quality and ozone production potential with moderate OH reactivity and minimal missing OH reactivity compared to other campaigns. Oceanic air masses may influence coastal industrial areas, while ozone production rate shows a positive correlation with the reactivity ratio between VOCs and NOx.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongqing Zhu, Yujia Huo, Wei Wang, Xin He, Shuhao Fang, Yilong Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the reaction characteristics of hydroxyl groups in coal molecules, revealing that the reaction pathways and thermodynamic parameters are dependent on the position of the hydroxyl group. The presence of hydroxyl groups can lead to the generation of water and oxygen-containing free radicals during oxidation reactions, providing insights for assessing coal spontaneous combustion risk and developing flame retardants.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
James Hanlon, Karen S. Galea, Steven Verpaele
Summary: A narrative review of published scientific literature comparing personal samplers in workplace settings revealed that the inhalable fraction and IOM samplers were the most common focus. Studies predominantly examined workplaces where metals/metalloids were present. However, the current literature does not meet the requirements of the EN13205 standard.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiaqi Li, Zhao Tu, Haipan Xiang, Yong Li, Hongwei Song
Summary: In this study, a globally accurate, full-dimensional ground-state potential energy surface was constructed for the BeH+ + H2O reaction, and quasi-classical trajectory calculations were carried out on this surface. The obtained results showed good agreement with experimental data, in terms of thermal rate constant and product branching ratio. The vibrational state distributions and energy disposals of the products were also analyzed.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Neil Bezodis, Steffi Colyer, Ryu Nagahara, Helen Bayne, Ian Bezodis, Jean-Benoit Morin, Munenori Murata, Pierre Samozino
Summary: This study compared the effects of three calculation methods on two key technical ability measures, and found that Method B provides RF values which most closely approximate the mechanical reality of step averaged accelerations progressively approaching zero.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aurora Perez-Cornago, Zoe Pollard, Heather Young, Marloes van Uden, Colm Andrews, Carmen Piernas, Timothy J. Key, Angela Mulligan, Marleen Lentjes
Summary: The study describes the updated version of the Oxford WebQ questionnaire nutrient calculation, comparing with the previous version. Results show that most nutrients were very similar in the updated version except for a few with significant differences, such as trans-fat and vitamin C. The overall nutrient intake differences between the two versions were small, with minimal impact on the ranking of individuals.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Weimin Si, Timothy Herbert, Mengxi Wu, Yair Rosenthal
Summary: Ocean acidification due to CO2 emissions reduces ocean pH and carbonate saturation, negatively affecting marine calcifiers and ecosystems. However, deep-sea sediment studies suggest increased carbonate production during the warm Middle Miocene, when global warming and elevated atmospheric pCO(2) levels occurred. Model simulations show that global biogenic carbonate production in the pelagic environment doubled during this period, with higher pelagic carbonate burial than modern. This increase in carbonate production was attributed to enhanced chemical weathering under a warmer climate, resulting in a poorly buffered and less saturated ocean.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qian Li, Zhaoping Zhong, Haoran Du, Yuxuan Yang, Xiang Zheng, Bo Zhang, Baosheng Jin
Summary: This study is significant as it proposes a method to reduce the secondary risk of heavy metals during paper sludge pyrolysis. The use of kaolin and alumina-silica-based xerogels helped retain heavy metals in the pyrolysis biochar, reducing their leachability. The experimental and simulation results provide new ideas for controlling heavy metals during sludge pyrolysis.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Xiaohui Tang, Jinglin You, Jian Wang, Fu Zhang, Xiaoye Gong, Yingfang Xie, Aurelien Canizares, Catherine Bessada, Kai Tang, Liming Lu
Summary: The structural behaviors of Al3+ in aluminosilicate systems were investigated using Raman spectroscopy and 27Al MAS NMR. It was found that the addition of Al2O3 resulted in the gradual production of AlIV and a nonmonotonic variation in Q3. The effects of aluminum on bridging oxygen bond types and the degree of polymerization were also discussed.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Enrico Lupardi, Leonardo Taroni, Kenneth J. Hoffer, Domenico Schiano-Lomoriello, Giacomo Savini
Summary: This study demonstrates that Total Keratometry (TK) is more accurate in evaluating corneal refractive changes in eyes with previous myopic excimer laser surgery compared to standard keratometry (K). The results show that TK does not underestimate laser-induced corneal changes and can be considered a reliable option for intraocular lens power calculation.
JOURNAL OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Adrienne V. Nickles, Adam Oostema, Justin Allen, Suzanne L. O'Brien, Stacie L. Demel, Mathew J. Reeves
Summary: This study compares trends in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and fatalities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Detroit area with the same period a year earlier.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hiroya Suno, Masahiko Machida, Terumi Dohi, Yoshihito Ohmura
Summary: The study evaluates the stability of lichen metabolites and alkali-metal cation complexes in both gas and aqueous phases, finding that lichens can retain radioactive Cs over several years. Quantum chemical calculations show that different metabolites have varying affinities and complexation stabilities with alkali-metal cations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Anouar Meziane Elotmani, Anke Messerschmidt-Roth, Alexandra Nehme, Hans-Helge Mueller, Walter Sekundo
Summary: This study evaluated the prediction error variance and absolute median prediction error of different intraocular lens calculation formulas in a simulation model of post-SMILE eyes. The results suggest that formulas such as Haigis with TK, Okulix, and Barrett True-K with and without TK offer accurate options for IOL power calculation after SMILE.
JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Joel Dreessen, Xinrong Ren, Daniel Gardner, Katherine Green, Phillip Stratton, John T. Sullivan, Ruben Delgado, Russ R. Dickerson, Michael Woodman, Tim Berkoff, Guillaume Gronoff, Allison Ring
Summary: The OWLETS-2 study found that the concentrations of TNMHC and VOCs on an island site in the northern Chesapeake Bay were 2.1 and 3.4 times higher, respectively, than those at a nearby land site. The chemical differences between the island and land sites were observed both in the air above the water and on the water surface. The VOC and photochemistry patterns at the island site were mainly driven by marine sources, indicating the need for separate ozone abatement strategies for water and land.
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anita M. Avery, Mitchell W. Alton, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Jordan E. Krechmer, Donna T. Sueper, Nirvan Bhattacharyya, Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz, William H. Brune, Andrew T. Lambe
Summary: Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) emitted from industrial processes and consumer products dominate the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in occupied spaces. These cVMS can undergo oxidation by gas-phase radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH) and chlorine atoms (Cl), leading to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). While the SOA formation potential of cVMS with OH has been studied, the impact of Cl oxidation on SOA formation has not been explored.
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Erin R. Delaria, Ronald C. Cohen
Summary: The exchange of nitrogen oxides between the atmosphere and biosphere in terrestrial vegetated environments plays a key role in determining the composition of reactive nitrogen. The absorption of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and other nitrogen oxide compounds by vegetation acts as a significant sink of atmospheric nitrogen oxides, influencing air quality and the production of surface O-3 and secondary aerosols. Understanding the function of the biosphere in the exchange of reactive nitrogen is crucial for evaluating the effects of nitrogen oxide emissions on human and ecosystem health.
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dolly L. Hall-Quinlan, Hao He, Xinrong Ren, Timothy P. Canty, Ross J. Salawitch, Phillip Stratton, Russell R. Dickerson
Summary: Vehicles are a major source of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and black carbon (BC) emissions, which have negative impacts on both human health and the environment. The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting travel restrictions have provided an opportunity to study the effects of reduced traffic on local air quality. The study found significant reductions in vehicle emissions and improvements in air quality during the pandemic.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Allison M. Ring, Russell R. Dickerson, Abby E. Sebol, Xinrong Ren, Sarah E. Benish, Ross J. Salawitch, Andrea Galasyn, Paul J. Miller, Timothy P. Canty
Summary: Cities like New York and areas downwind have poor air quality due to pollution generated by human activity. Ozone (O-3), a harmful pollutant, is produced in the atmosphere from photochemical reactions involving volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Aircraft measurements of VOCs obtained during an O3 event in May 2017 over the New York City metropolitan area, Long Island Sound, and Connecticut show concentrations of O-3 exceeding 100 ppb between similar to 200 and 500 m above the surface.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaomeng Jin, Arlene M. Fiore, Ronald C. Cohen
Summary: The frequency of wildfires in the western United States has increased, and their impact on ground-level ozone (O-3) precursors and chemistry has been examined. Satellite observations show that wildfires in 2020 led to an overall increase in annual average columns of formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in California. The increase in NO2 offsets the reduction in anthropogenic NOx emission during the COVID-19 lockdown, while the increase in HCHO extends from the source regions to urban areas due to secondary production.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Caleb Arata, Qindan Zhu, Benjamin C. Schulze, Roy Woods, Colin Harkins, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Brian C. Mcdonald, John H. Seinfeld, Anthony Bucholtz, Ronald C. Cohen, Allen H. Goldstein
Summary: Los Angeles is a major hotspot for air pollution, particularly ozone and particulate matter. Despite reductions in vehicular emissions, the improvement of ozone and PM2.5 levels in the region has been limited. Measurement of VOCs and comparison with emission inventories reveal discrepancies in the amount and distribution of observed VOC emissions in Los Angeles.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Katherine R. Travis, James. H. Crawford, Amber J. Soja, Emily M. Gargulinski, Richard H. Moore, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Glenn S. Diskin, Joshua P. Digangi, John B. Nowak, Hannah Halliday, Robert J. Yokelson, Jessica L. Mccarty, Isobel J. Simpson, Donald R. Blake, Simone Meinardi, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Eric C. Apel, Alan J. Hills, Carsten Warneke, Matthew M. Coggon, Andrew W. Rollins, Jessica B. Gilman, Caroline C. Womack, Michael A. Robinson, Joseph M. Katich, Jeff Peischl, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Ilann Bourgeois, Pamela S. Rickly, Aaron Lamplugh, Jack E. Dibb, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, Hongyu Guo, Demetrios Pagonis, Paul O. Wennberg, John D. Crounse, Lu Xu, Thomas F. Hanisco, Glenn M. Wolfe, Jin Liao, Jason M. St. Clair, Benjamin A. Nault, Alan Fried, Anne E. Perring
Summary: Agricultural and prescribed burning activities emit significant amounts of trace gases and aerosols. This study presents emission factors and ratios based on the FIREX-AQ campaign in the eastern United States in 2019, focusing on burning of crop residues and prescribed fire fuels. The study shows the importance of specific factors such as combustion efficiency, fuel type, and meteorological conditions in determining the emissions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chi Li, Randall V. Martin, Ronald C. Cohen, Liam Bindle, Dandan Zhang, Deepangsu Chatterjee, Hongjian Weng, Jintai Lin
Summary: This study investigated the simulation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) over the eastern United States using the high-performance implementation of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (GCHP) at different horizontal grid resolutions. The results showed that increasing the grid size led to a decrease in afternoon surface NOx mixing ratios over the Great Lakes region and an increase over the southern states. It was also observed that nighttime titration of ozone by surface nitric oxide (NO) was more efficient at coarser resolutions, resulting in longer NOx lifetimes and higher surface mixing ratios of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over the Great Lakes region. Additionally, the study found that coarse-resolution simulations generally underestimated surface NO2 over the Great Lakes region and overestimated it over the southern states in summer.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amir H. Souri, Matthew S. Johnson, Glenn M. Wolfe, James H. Crawford, Alan Fried, Armin Wisthaler, William H. Brune, Donald R. Blake, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Tijl Verhoelst, Steven Compernolle, Gaia Pinardi, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Sungyeon Choi, Lok Lamsal, Lei Zhu, Shuai Sun, Ronald C. Cohen, Kyung-Eun Min, Changmin Cho, Sajeev Philip, Xiong Liu, Kelly Chance
Summary: The use of the ratio between formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tropospheric columns from ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) satellites has been motivated by the availability of these data, allowing researchers to gain insights into near-surface ozone sensitivity.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Viral Shah, Daniel J. Jacob, Ruijun Dang, Lok N. Lamsal, Sarah A. Strode, Stephen D. Steenrod, K. Folkert Boersma, Sebastian D. Eastham, Thibaud M. Fritz, Chelsea Thompson, Jeff Peischl, Ilann Bourgeois, Ilana B. Pollack, Benjamin A. Nault, Ronald C. Cohen, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Simone T. Andersen, Lucy J. Carpenter, Tomas Sherwen, Mat J. Evans
Summary: Satellite-based retrievals of tropospheric NO2 columns are widely used to infer NOx emissions. These retrievals rely on model information for the vertical distribution of NO2. Free tropospheric background above 2 km is important for these retrievals and has a significant impact on tropospheric OH and ozone concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Katelyn A. Yu, Meng Li, Colin Harkins, Jian He, Qindan Zhu, Bert Verreyken, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Ronald C. Cohen, Brian C. Mcdonald, Robert A. Harley
Summary: The reduction in anthropogenic NOx emissions from motor vehicles due to emission control technologies and policies is significant but uncertain. This study evaluates a fuel-based emission inventory for southern California, finding that on-road vehicles are the main source of NOx emissions in the South Coast Air Basin. The fuel-based inventory provides different estimates of NOx emissions for different vehicle types compared to the planning inventory.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaomeng Jin, Arlene M. Fiore, Ronald C. Cohen
Summary: The frequency of wildfires in the western United States has increased in recent decades, impacting ground-level ozone (O-3) precursors and the O-3-NOx-VOC chemistry. Satellite observations reveal that extensive wildfires in 2020 led to an overall increase in statewide annual average formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. The increase in NO2 partially offset the reduction in anthropogenic NOx emissions due to COVID-19 lockdown, while the enhancement of HCHO extended from the source regions to downwind urban areas, contributing to more efficient O-3 production.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)